@article{NeherCrewellMeilingeretal.2020,
  author    = {Ina Neher and Susanne Crewell and Stefanie Meilinger and Uwe Pfeifroth and J{\"o}rg Trentmann},
  title     = {Photovoltaic power potential in West Africa using long-term satellite data},
  series   = {Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics},
  volume    = {20},
  number    = {21},
  publisher = {Copernicus Publications},
  address   = {G{\"o}ttingen},
  issn      = {1680-7324},
  doi       = {10.5194/acp-20-12871-2020},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1044-opus-51057},
  pages     = {12871 -- 12888},
  year      = {2020},
  abstract  = {This paper addresses long-term historical changes in solar irradiance in West Africa (3 to 20° N and 20° W to 16° E) and the implications for photovoltaic systems. Here, we use satellite irradiance (Surface Solar Radiation Data Set – Heliosat, Edition 2.1 – SARAH-2.1) and temperature data from a reanalysis (ERA5) to derive photovoltaic yields. Based on 35 years of data (1983–2017), the temporal and regional variability as well as long-term trends in global and direct horizontal irradiance are analyzed. Furthermore, a detailed time series analysis is undertaken at four locations. According to the high spatial resolution SARAH-2.1 data record (0.05°×0.05°), solar irradiance is largest (up to a 300 W m−2 daily average) in the Sahara and the Sahel zone with a positive trend (up to 5 W m−2 per decade) and a lower temporal variability (<75 W m−2 between 1983 and 2017 for daily averages). In contrast, the solar irradiance is lower in southern West Africa (between 200 W m−2 and 250 W m−2) with a negative trend (up to −5 W m−2 per decade) and a higher temporal variability (up to 150 W m−2). The positive trend in the north is mostly connected to the dry season, whereas the negative trend in the south occurs during the wet season. Both trends show 95 \% significance. Photovoltaic (PV) yields show a strong meridional gradient with the lowest values of around 4 kWh  kWp−1 in southern West Africa and values of more than 5.5 kWh  kWp−1 in the Sahara and Sahel zone.},
  language  = {en}
}