@article{SchommersKimSchlotzetal.2023,
  author    = {Schommers, Philipp and Kim, Dae Sung and Schlotz, Maike and Kreer, Christoph and Eggeling, Ralf and Hake, Anna and Stecher, Melanie and Park, Juyeon and Radford, Caelan E. and Dingens, Adam S. and Ercanoglu, Meryem S. and Gruell, Henning and Odidika, Stanley and Dahlhaus, Marten and Gieselmann, Lutz and Ahmadov, Elvin and Lawong, Rene Y. and Heger, Eva and Knops, Elena and Wyen, Christoph and K{\"u}mmerle, Tim and R{\"o}mer, Katja and Scholten, Stefan and Wolf, Timo and Stephan, Christoph and Su{\´a}rez, Isabelle and Raju, Nagarajan and Adhikari, Anurag and Esser, Stefan and Streeck, Hendrik and Duerr, Ralf and Nanfack, Aubin J. and Zolla-Pazner, Susan and Geldmacher, Christof and Geisenberger, Otto and Kroidl, Arne and William, Wiston and Maganga, Lucas and Ntinginya, Nyanda Elias and Georgiev, Ivelin S. and Vehreschild, J{\"o}rg J. and Hoelscher, Michael and F{\"a}tkenheuer, Gerd and Lavinder, Jason J. and Bloom, Jesse D. and Seaman, Michael S. and Lehmann, Clara and Pfeifer, Nico and Georgiou, George and Klein, Florian},
  title     = {Dynamics and durability of HIV-1 neutralization are determined by viral replication},
  journal   = {Nature Medicine},
  volume    = {29},
  number    = {11},
  issn      = {1078-8956},
  doi       = {10.1038/s41591-023-02582-3},
  pages     = {2763 -- 2774},
  year      = {2023},
  abstract  = {Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that prevent infection are the main goal of HIV vaccine discovery. But as no nAb-eliciting vaccines are yet available, only data from HIV-1 neutralizers-persons with HIV-1 who naturally develop broad and potent nAbs-can inform about the dynamics and durability of nAb responses in humans, knowledge which is crucial for the design of future HIV-1 vaccine regimens. To address this, we assessed HIV-1-neutralizing immunoglobulin G (IgG) from 2,354 persons with HIV-1 on or off antiretroviral therapy (ART). Infection with non-clade B viruses, CD4+ T cell counts <200 µl-1, being off ART and a longer time off ART were independent predictors of a more potent and broad neutralization. In longitudinal analyses, we found nAb half-lives of 9.3 and 16.9 years in individuals with no- or low-level viremia, respectively, and 4.0 years in persons who newly initiated ART. Finally, in a potent HIV-1 neutralizer, we identified lower fractions of serum nAbs and of nAb-encoding memory B cells after ART initiation, suggesting that a decreasing neutralizing serum activity after antigen withdrawal is due to lower levels of nAbs. These results collectively show that HIV-1-neutralizing responses can persist for several years, even at low antigen levels, suggesting that an HIV-1 vaccine may elicit a durable nAb response.},
  language  = {en}
}