TY  - THES
U1  - Dissertation oder Habilitation
A1  - Ünal, Emre
T1  - Sensory monitoring and laser-induced initiation of primary explosives
N2  - Energetic materials (EMs) are compounds or mixtures of substances that contain both fuel and an oxidizer. When these materials react, they release thermal energy and produce a large amount of gas. The initiation of these substances can be triggered by mechanical, thermal, electrostatic, or optical influence. A distinction is made between materials that are capable of exploding and those that are hazardous due to their potential to explode [1].
EMs are not only used for military purposes, but also for civilian applications, such as in airbags, fireworks or explosives in mining. It has been a long way from the initial invention of the first explosives to their widespread use today. In 220 B.C., the Chinese accidentally discovered black powder. Centuries later, in the 13th and 14th centuries, the monk Roger Bacon and the German Berthold Schwarz researched the explosive for the first time in Europe. The military use of black powder began at this time. In 1846, nitroglycerine was discovered by Ascanio Sobrero. Alfred Nobel reduced the sensitivity of the highly sensitive nitroglycerine, thus making it possible to use the substance. The so-called dynamite was developed. Alfred Nobel also played an important role in the progress in the history of initial substances. His findings made it possible to reliably initiate dynamite by replacing black powder with mercury fulminate. This was replaced at the beginning of the 20th century by lead azide, which is still used today [2, 3].
In the following years, as demand increased, other explosives were developed and synthesised, many of which are still in use today. This led to the development of trinitrotoluene, triaminotrinitrobenzene and hexogen (RDX), for example. The focus in the development of energetic materials changed over time. In addition to reliability, the safe handling of the substances was often at the centre of research when it came to their commercial/military use. During the Second World War, for example, the use of polymer-bound explosives was favoured, resulting in the production of Semtex, a mixture of nitropenta (PETN) and RDX bound with styrene-butadiene rubber. Today, the focus of the development of energetic materials is on environmentally friendly research into materials in terms of sustainability and the improvement of existing properties (e.g. shorter initiation times for special military applications).
KW  - Explosives
KW  - Laser-Initiation
KW  - Sensory Monitoring
Y2  - 2025
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.35006
DO  - https://doi.org/10.5282/edoc.35006
SP  - vi, 146
S1  - vi, 146
PB  - Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
CY  - München
ER  -