@article{SteinerSporrerKolbetal.2016,
  author    = {Holger Steiner and Sebastian Sporrer and Andreas Kolb and Norbert Jung},
  title     = {Design of an Active Multispectral SWIR Camera System for Skin Detection and Face Verification},
  series   = {Journal of Sensors},
  volume    = {2016},
  publisher = {Hindawi},
  address   = {London},
  issn      = {1687-7268},
  doi       = {10.1155/2016/9682453},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1044-opus-13824},
  year      = {2016},
  abstract  = {Biometric face recognition is becoming more frequently used in different application scenarios. However, spoofing attacks with facial disguises are still a serious problem for state of the art face recognition algorithms. This work proposes an approach to face verification based on spectral signatures of material surfaces in the short wave infrared (SWIR) range. They allow distinguishing authentic human skin reliably from other materials, independent of the skin type. We present the design of an active SWIR imaging system that acquires four-band multispectral image stacks in real-time. The system uses pulsed small band illumination, which allows for fast image acquisition and high spectral resolution and renders it widely independent of ambient light. After extracting the spectral signatures from the acquired images, detected faces can be verified or rejected by classifying the material as \"skin\" or \"no-skin\". The approach is extensively evaluated with respect to both acquisition and classification performance. In addition, we present a database containing RGB and multispectral SWIR face images, as well as spectrometer measurements of a variety of subjects, which is used to evaluate our approach and will be made available to the research community by the time this work is published.},
  language  = {en}
}