@article{DoelleUdegbunam2021,
  author    = {Klaus Doelle and Ifeoma Udegbunam},
  title     = {Application of Black Soldier Fly, Hermetia illucens (L., 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae to Treat Waste Water},
  series   = {Annual Research \& Review in Biology},
  volume    = {36},
  number    = {2},
  publisher = {Sciencedomain International},
  issn      = {2347-565X},
  doi       = {10.9734/arrb/2021/v36i230343},
  url       = {https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:hbz:1044-opus-53800},
  pages     = {62 -- 70},
  year      = {2021},
  abstract  = {This study investigated the application potential of Black Soldier Fly Larva Hermetia illucens Stratiomyidae: Diptera (L.1758) for wastewater treatment and the removal potential of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, and phosphorus of and liquid manure residue and municipal waste water containing 1\% solids content. Black Soldier Fly Larva were found to reduce the concentration of chemical oxygen demand, but unfortunately, increase the concentration of ammonia and phosphorus. The ability of Black Soldier Fly Larva to feed on organic waste of Liquid manure residue showed that Black Soldier Fly Larva increase their weight by 365\% in a solution with 12\% solids content and by 595\% in a solution having 6\% solids content. The study also showed that Black Soldier Fly Larva have the ability to survive in a solution of 1\% solids content and have the ability to reduce chemical oxygen demand by up to 86.4\% for liquid manure residue and 46.9\% for municipal wastewater after 24 hours. Generally, ammonia increased by 43.9\% for Liquid manure residue and 98.6\% for municipal wastewater. Total phosphorus showed an increase of 11.0\% and 88.6\% increase for liquid manure residue and municipal wastewater respectively over the 8-day study. Transparent environments tend to reduce the COD content more than the dark environment, both for the liquid manure residue (55.8\% and 65.4\%) and municipal wastewater (71.5\% and 66.4\%).},
  language  = {en}
}