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Effects of Heavy Ion Particle Irradiation on Spore Germination of Bacillus spp. from Extremely Hot and Cold Environments

  • Extremophiles are optimal models in experimentally addressing questions about the effects of cosmic radiation on biological systems. The resistance to high charge energy (HZE) particles, and helium (He) ions and iron (Fe) ions (LET at 2.2 and 200 keV/µm, respectively, until 1000 Gy), of spores from two thermophiles, Bacillushorneckiae SBP3 and Bacilluslicheniformis T14, and two psychrotolerants, Bacillus sp. A34 and A43, was investigated. Spores survived He irradiation better, whereas they were more sensitive to Fe irradiation (until 500 Gy), with spores from thermophiles being more resistant to irradiations than psychrotolerants. The survived spores showed different germination kinetics, depending on the type/dose of irradiation and the germinant used. After exposure to He 1000 Gy, D-glucose increased the lag time of thermophilic spores and induced germination of psychrotolerants, whereas L-alanine and L-valine increased the germination efficiency, except alanine for A43. FTIR spectra showed important modifications to the structural components of spores after Fe irradiation at 250 Gy, which could explain the block in spore germination, whereas minor changes were observed after He radiation that could be related to the increased permeability of the inner membranes and alterations of receptor complex structures. Our results give new insights on HZE resistance of extremophiles that are useful in different contexts, including astrobiology.

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Metadaten
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Author:Vincenzo Zammuto, Maria G. Rizzo, Laura M. de Plano, Domenico Franco, Salvatore Guglielmino, Maria T. Caccamo, Salvatore Magazù, Akira Fujimori, Angelina Lo Giudice, Mauro Guglielmin, Kevin Roderick McAlpin, Ralf Moeller, Concetta Gugliandolo
Parent Title (English):Life
Volume:10
Issue:11
Article Number:264
Number of pages:20
ISSN:2075-1729
URN:urn:nbn:de:hbz:1044-opus-50997
DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/life10110264
PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33143156
Publisher:MDPI
Place of publication:Basel
Publishing Institution:Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
Date of first publication:2020/10/30
Copyright:© 2020 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.
Funding:This work was funded by the FFABR Unime 2019 Research Program, supported by the University of Messina. This research was supported by grants from the PNRA (Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide) and the Italian Ministry of Education and Research (research project PNRA2016, P.I. Prof. Guglielmin).
Keyword:Bacillus; extremophiles; heavy ion particle (HZE) radations; nutrient germinants; spore resistance; sporegermination
Departments, institutes and facilities:Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften
Institut für funktionale Gen-Analytik (IFGA)
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC):5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 57 Biowissenschaften; Biologie / 579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen
Entry in this database:2020/11/03
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International