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Analyses of used engine oils via atomic spectroscopy – Influence of sample pre-treatment and machine learning for engine type classification and lifetime assessment

  • The analysis of used engine oils from industrial engines enables the study of engine wear and oil degradation in order to evaluate the necessity of oil changes. As the matrix composition of an engine oil strongly depends on its intended application, meaningful diagnostic oil analyses bear considerable challenges. Owing to the broad spectrum of available oil matrices, we have evaluated the applicability of using an internal standard and/or preceding sample digestion for elemental analysis of used engine oils via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Elements originating from both wear particles and additives as well as particle size influence could be clearly recognized by their distinct digestion behaviour. While a precise determination of most wear elements can be achieved in oily matrix, the measurement of additives is performed preferably after sample digestion. Considering a dataset of physicochemical parameters and elemental composition for several hundred used engine oils, we have further investigated the feasibility of predicting the identity and overall condition of an unknown combustion engine using the machine learning system XGBoost. A maximum accuracy of 89.6% in predicting the engine type was achieved, a mean error of less than 10% of the observed timeframe in predicting the oil running time and even less than 4% for the total engine running time, based purely on common oil check data. Furthermore, obstacles and possibilities to improve the performance of the machine learning models were analysed and the factors that enabled the prediction were explored with SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP). Our results demonstrate that both the identification of an unknown engine as well as a lifetime assessment can be performed for a first estimation of the actual sample without requiring meticulous documentation.

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Metadaten
Document Type:Article
Language:English
Author:Roman Grimmig, Simon Lindner, Philipp Gillemot, Markus Winkler, Steffen Witzleben
Parent Title (English):Talanta
Volume:232
Issue:September 2021
Article Number:122431
ISSN:0039-9140
URN:urn:nbn:de:hbz:1044-opus-53858
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122431
PMID:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34074417
Publisher:Elsevier
Place of publication:Amsterdam
Publishing Institution:Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg
Date of first publication:2021/04/16
Copyright:© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
Keyword:ICP OES; Machine learning; SHAP; Sample digestion; Used engine oil; XGBoost
Departments, institutes and facilities:Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften
Institut für Technik, Ressourcenschonung und Energieeffizienz (TREE)
Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC):5 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik / 54 Chemie / 540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften
Open access funding:Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg / Graduierteninstitut
Entry in this database:2021/04/20
Licence (German):License LogoCreative Commons - CC BY - Namensnennung 4.0 International