Refine
H-BRS Bibliography
- yes (531) (remove)
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (531) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (531) (remove)
Year of publication
Keywords
- GC/MS (8)
- cytokine-induced killer cells (8)
- immunotherapy (7)
- Gene expression (5)
- Lignin (5)
- drug release (5)
- lignin (5)
- CD21 (4)
- Chemometrics (4)
- Corrosion inhibitors (4)
- ENaC (4)
- Explosives (4)
- Inborn error of metabolism (4)
- Organic aciduria (4)
- angiogenesis (4)
- apoptosis (4)
- biomaterial (4)
- mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- osteogenesis (4)
- pioglitazone (4)
- scaffolds (4)
- stem cells (4)
- thiazolidinediones (4)
- Arthritis (3)
- Biomass (3)
- Chromatography (3)
- Crystallinity (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- DNA typing (3)
- Dielectric analysis (3)
- K/BxN (3)
- Ketolysis (3)
- Malaria (3)
- Metabolic acidosis (3)
- Miscanthus (3)
- Molecular dynamics (3)
- Plasmodium (3)
- Primary long-chain alkyl amines (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- SERS (3)
- Stem cells (3)
- additive (3)
- alumina (3)
- antioxidant (3)
- autophagy (3)
- bone (3)
- bone tissue engineering (3)
- chemometrics (3)
- classification (3)
- cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (3)
- differentiation (3)
- extraction (3)
- extremophiles (3)
- insulin resistance (3)
- organosolv (3)
- preceramic paper (3)
- scaffold (3)
- shedding (3)
- tissue engineering (3)
- type 2 diabetes (3)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (2)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (2)
- Aluminiumoxid (2)
- Analytical pyrolysis (2)
- Automotive industry (2)
- B cell activation (2)
- CIK cells (2)
- Canavan disease (2)
- Classification (2)
- Complement receptor (2)
- Complement receptor 2/CD21 (2)
- Complex modulus (2)
- Composites (2)
- Cysteine proteases (2)
- DNA (2)
- Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (2)
- Discriminant analysis (2)
- Enzyme activity (2)
- Extrusion blow molding (2)
- Failure analysis (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- GC-FID/NPD (2)
- GLYCTK (2)
- Glycine conjugation (2)
- Graphene (2)
- HIBADH (2)
- HIBADH deficiency (2)
- HPLC (2)
- Humans (2)
- IR microspectroscopy (2)
- Ion viscosity (2)
- Isovaleric acidemia (2)
- Ketoacidosis (2)
- Ketogenesis (2)
- Ketone body (2)
- Ketone body utilization (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- Mars (2)
- Mass spectrometry (2)
- Membrane Transport (2)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- Miscanthus x giganteus (2)
- Mxi-2 (2)
- NMR (2)
- Nano-Systems (2)
- Organic acids (2)
- Osteogenesis (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Principal Components Analysis (2)
- Prognosis (2)
- Pten (2)
- R-ratio (2)
- Raman-microspectroscopy (2)
- Regenerative medicine (2)
- Resins (2)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
- SLC (2)
- Shedding (2)
- Short tandem repeat (STR) (2)
- Styrene (2)
- Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) (2)
- Tissue engineering (2)
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2)
- VOC (2)
- Whole genome amplification (2)
- aluminum bonding wire (2)
- antimicrobial activity (2)
- bacteria (2)
- biomass (2)
- breast cancer (2)
- bulk detection (2)
- cardiovascular disease (2)
- cardiovascular risk (2)
- cell death (2)
- cell migration (2)
- creep (2)
- cysteine proteases (2)
- d-Glycerate kinase deficiency (2)
- d-Glyceric aciduria (2)
- discriminant analysis (2)
- evolution (2)
- extraterrestrial analogue (2)
- extremophile (2)
- food-related bacteria (2)
- force generation (2)
- fruit quality (2)
- fungi (2)
- gas sensor (2)
- gas sensors (2)
- glimepiride (2)
- human cathepsins (2)
- hydrogel (2)
- improvised explosive devices (2)
- ketogenesis (2)
- ketolysis (2)
- library free detection (2)
- life detection (2)
- lifetime prediction (2)
- low-input crops (2)
- mechanical properties (2)
- melanin (2)
- modeling (2)
- monolignol ratio (2)
- myosin (2)
- nitrile inhibitors (2)
- organic aciduria (2)
- osteoblast (2)
- osteoclast (2)
- paper-derived ceramic (2)
- photonic sensing (2)
- physical sensors (2)
- poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (2)
- poly(lactic acid) (2)
- polyphenols (2)
- power electronics (2)
- small-scale fatigue testing (2)
- stem cell (2)
- stress response (2)
- sulfonylurea (2)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (2)
- ultrapure water (2)
- (poly)saccharides (1)
- 1-MCP (1)
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing (1)
- 1H (1)
- 2B4 (1)
- 3-hydroxy-n-butyric acid (1)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- 31P NMR (1)
- 3D activity landscapes (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 5-Oxoprolinase (1)
- 5-oxoprolinuria (1)
- ACAT1 (1)
- ACacylcarnitines (1)
- ADP release (1)
- AMAtypical myopathy (1)
- AMT (1)
- AOP (1)
- APC superfamily (1)
- ASIC (1)
- ASPA (1)
- ATB0,+ (1)
- ATPase cycle (1)
- Abies nordmanniana (1)
- Abies procera (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (1)
- Acorns (1)
- Active site mapping (1)
- Activity-based probes (1)
- Acylpeptide hydrolase (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Additive (1)
- Additives (1)
- Adipogenesis (1)
- Adipogenic effect (1)
- Adipose tissue (1)
- Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (1)
- AdoMETDC (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adult Stem Cells/physiology (1)
- Affinity proteomics (1)
- Age estimation (1)
- Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (1)
- Aglaonema hookerianum (1)
- Ago2 (1)
- Aloe vera (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Aminoacylase (1)
- Aminoacylase 1 (1)
- Amylose stationary phases (1)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Ankle Joint (1)
- Ankle thickness (1)
- Anoplophora glabripennis (1)
- Antarctic Polar Plateau (1)
- Antarctic ice sheet (1)
- Anti-inflammatory effects (1)
- Antibodies* (1)
- Antibody Induced Arthritis (1)
- Antidepressant (1)
- Antioxidant activity (1)
- Antioxidant assays (1)
- Antioxidant capacity (1)
- Antioxidative Capacity (1)
- Antioxidatives Potential (1)
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (1)
- Anxiolytic (1)
- Apheresis therapy (1)
- Aphrodisiac effects (1)
- Apple replant disease (1)
- Area under the curve (1)
- Articular Cartilage (1)
- Aspartic acid racemization (1)
- Aspartoacylase (1)
- Assay development (1)
- Assay reproducibility (1)
- Asymmetric cell division (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atlantic coast (1)
- AuNPs (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autoantibody (1)
- Automated Coating (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- B Defects (1)
- B Interfaces (1)
- B cells (1)
- B lymphocyte (1)
- BLAST (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacteria, Anaerobic (1)
- Bactericidal effect (1)
- Bcl-2 (1)
- Beta-ketothiolase (1)
- Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (1)
- Biaxiality (1)
- BioMark HD microfluidic system (1)
- Bioactive (1)
- Bioaktiv (1)
- Bioassay (1)
- Biochemicals (1)
- Bioenergy (1)
- Biological databases (1)
- Biological therapy (1)
- Bioluminescence (1)
- Biomarkers stability (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biomineralization (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biosignatures (1)
- Blood glucose meter (1)
- Bond strength (1)
- Bone marrow-derived stem cells (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Bulk detection (1)
- Bulk fill (1)
- C-19 steroid (1)
- CD146 (1)
- CD30+ cells (1)
- CD40 (1)
- CD40, CTLA-4 (1)
- CDH1 (1)
- CDKN1B (1)
- CFTR inhibitors (1)
- CFTR mutations (1)
- CIK-Zellen (1)
- CR2 (1)
- CTNNB1 (1)
- CYP2C19 (1)
- CYP2C8 variants (1)
- CYP2C9 (1)
- CYP2D6 (1)
- Caffeine-containing drinks (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium Intracellular Release (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Camphorquinone (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cannabinoids (1)
- Canola (1)
- Carbapenem (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carboxen-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1)
- Carboxy-terminal fragments (1)
- Cardiovascular Disease (1)
- Cartilage Destruction (1)
- Catalyst Ink (1)
- Catalyst Layer (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Cathepsin B (1)
- Cathepsin K (1)
- Cathepsin S (1)
- Cathepsins (1)
- Cavities (1)
- Cell Cycle (1)
- Cell Differentiation (1)
- Cell Differentiation/physiology (1)
- Cell Signaling (1)
- Cell activation (1)
- Cell lineage (1)
- Cellulose stationary phases (1)
- Central sensitisation (1)
- Cervical cancer screening (1)
- Cervicovaginal microbiome (1)
- Chaetocin (1)
- Chemical calculations (1)
- Chemical imaging (1)
- Chemical structure (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chiral stationary phases (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1)
- Cislunar (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collision induced dissociation (1)
- Color/Spot-Test (1)
- Colposcopy (1)
- Complement (1)
- Complement receptor 2 (1)
- Complement receptor 2 /CD21 (1)
- Composite resin (1)
- Compressive strength (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Coumarins (1)
- Crack formation (1)
- Cucumber peel waste (1)
- Curing behavior (1)
- Curing depth (1)
- Curing kinetics (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (1)
- D Multilayer (1)
- D Nickel alloy (1)
- D Zirconium oxide (1)
- DBSdried blot spots (1)
- DIDMOAD (1)
- DMFC (1)
- DNA Transcription (1)
- DNA double- strand breaks (1)
- DNA extraction protocols (1)
- DNA interaction (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA profile (1)
- DOSY (1)
- Daptomycin (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Degraded DNA (1)
- Degree of conversion (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Dental composites (1)
- Dental follicle (1)
- Dental material (1)
- Dental resin (1)
- Depth Of Cure (1)
- Derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (1)
- Development (1)
- Diabetes (1)
- Diaminphenylderivat (1)
- Dielectric analysis (DEA) (1)
- Differentiation (1)
- Differenzierung (1)
- Dimethacrylate (1)
- Diselenide bridge (1)
- Docking (1)
- Draw ratio (1)
- Drug target (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (1)
- Dystonia (1)
- E-cadherin (1)
- E. coli (1)
- E/I balance (1)
- EIF-5A (1)
- EPS (1)
- ER stress (1)
- ERO1α (1)
- ESKAPEE pathogens (1)
- Ectodomain shedding (1)
- Effect of post-irradiation curing (1)
- Electrochemical cells (1)
- Electron beam physical vapor deposition (1)
- Elephantiasis (1)
- Elution (1)
- Enantioselective gas chromatography (1)
- Endoplasmatic reticulum (1)
- Endosomes (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelin-1 (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- Epitope mapping: Epitope extraction (1)
- European horse chestnut (1)
- Eutectic Ti-Fe alloys (1)
- Evaluation of curing (1)
- ExoMars (1)
- Expanded polystyrene (EPS) (1)
- Extrusionsblasformen (1)
- FMR1 (1)
- FOXP3 (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Familial glioma (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fe-ion radiation (1)
- Fertigation (1)
- Fiber reinforcement (1)
- Fiber-optic probe (1)
- Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) (1)
- Filler content (1)
- Fingerprint powder (1)
- Flow direction (1)
- Fluorescence-quenched substrates (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Folin-Ciocalteu assay (1)
- Folin–Ciocalteu assay (1)
- Food intolerance (1)
- Forensic genetics (1)
- Forensic genomics (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fragile X Syndrome (1)
- Fructose (1)
- GC (1)
- GC-FID (1)
- GC–MS (1)
- GC–MSgas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- GMX1778 (1)
- Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) (1)
- Gas Chromatography (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas sensors (1)
- Gas turbines (1)
- Gaschromatographie (1)
- Gasturbinenschaufel (1)
- Gelatin Zymography (1)
- Gene Expression Regulation (1)
- Genes (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Geopolymer (1)
- Ghanaian children (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glutathione synthetase (1)
- Glycerate (1)
- Glyceric aciduria (1)
- Glycine N-Acyltransferase (GLYAT) (1)
- Glycine N-acyltransferase (1)
- Glycopeptides (1)
- Graft material (1)
- Green fluorescent protein (1)
- Growth (1)
- HMGCL (1)
- HPTLC (1)
- HPV diagnostic (1)
- HSD10 (1)
- HSP90 (1)
- HSQC NMR (1)
- Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives (1)
- Hardness mapping (1)
- Hazardous material detection (1)
- Headspace SPME (1)
- Health care policy (1)
- Heparanase (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography – mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) (1)
- High speed tensile testing (1)
- High strain rate (1)
- High temperature deformation (1)
- High temperature laser powder bed fusion (1)
- Home made explosives (1)
- Homemade explosives (1)
- Homeobox (1)
- Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination Irreversible inhibition (1)
- Hydraulic cylinders (1)
- Hyperalgesia (1)
- Hyperammonemia (1)
- Hypoglycemia (1)
- Hypusine (1)
- ICP OES (1)
- IED (1)
- IR-microspectroscopy (1)
- Illegal Wildlife Trade (1)
- Immune escape (1)
- Immunoadsorption (1)
- Immunology* (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Improvised explosive devices (1)
- In silico epitope prediction (1)
- In silico modelling (1)
- Inborn errors of metabolism (1)
- Indentation techniques (1)
- Inherited metabolic disorders (1)
- Inhibitor (1)
- Instrumental analysis (1)
- Insulin glulisine (1)
- Intact proinsulin (1)
- Interface (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Irradiance Distribution (1)
- Irradiance distribution (1)
- Isoleucine (1)
- Isoleucine degradation (1)
- Isomers (1)
- Isotherms (1)
- Joint Destruction (1)
- Juvenile arthritis (JA) (1)
- K/BxN mouse model (1)
- K/B×N model (1)
- Kardioprotektion (1)
- Karl Fischer titration (1)
- Ketoasidoz (1)
- Ketone body synthesis (1)
- Knoop micro-hardness (1)
- Koagulation (1)
- Kozak-sequence (1)
- Kraft lignin (1)
- Kriechen (1)
- Kriminaltechnik (1)
- LC-HRMS (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LET (1)
- LFA-1 (1)
- LSPR (1)
- Laboratories and Demonstrations (1)
- Lamellae structure (1)
- Lanthanide luminescence (1)
- Laser-Beam Profiler (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Leg (1)
- LeuT (1)
- Leucine (1)
- Leucine degradation (1)
- Libido-booster (1)
- Ligand -Receptor Interactions* (1)
- Light Curing Units (1)
- Light attenuation (1)
- Light curing (1)
- Light curing units (1)
- Light limitation (1)
- Light measurement (1)
- Lignocellulose feedstock (1)
- Linear viscoelasticity (1)
- Lineare Viskoelastizität (1)
- Linezolid (1)
- Lipoaspirates (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Local mechanical properties (1)
- Local process-dependent properties (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Long-chain N-1-alkyl-1,3-propanediamines (1)
- Lymphedema (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- Lysosomes (1)
- MADDMultiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- MALDI QIT TOF MS (1)
- MAP (1)
- MAPO (1)
- MCT (1)
- MICA/B (1)
- MMP-9 (1)
- MOCS1 (1)
- MOX gas sensors (1)
- MPV17 monoclonal antibody (1)
- MRPP (1)
- MS (1)
- MS/MS peptide sequencing (1)
- MSCs (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Mal d 1 (1)
- Malus domestica (1)
- Malus genotypes (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Mars environment (1)
- Mars exploration (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Mast cells (1)
- Materialverarbeitung (1)
- Matrix metalloproteases (1)
- Meat-associated Microorganisms (1)
- Mechanical properties of materials (1)
- Mechanische Prüfung (1)
- Mehrachsigkeit (1)
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology (1)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- Metabolic decompensation (1)
- Metabolicdecompensation (1)
- Metal oxide gas sensors (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Michael acceptors (1)
- Micro-mechanical properties (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Microindentation (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Microorganisms (1)
- Miscanthus nagara (1)
- Miscanthus robustus (1)
- Miscanthus sinensis (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (1)
- Mitochondrial tRNA (1)
- Mobile explosive identification (1)
- Moco deficiency (1)
- Mold temperature (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular weight (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor (1)
- Motion tracking (1)
- Movement disorder (1)
- Multi-lineage differentiation (1)
- Multimodal hyperspectral data (1)
- N-acetylaspartic acid (1)
- N-acylated amino acids (1)
- N-isovalerylglycine (1)
- NAI (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NFκB pathway (1)
- NGS (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NLRP3 inflammasome (1)
- NMR spectroscopy (1)
- NSS family (1)
- Nafion™ (1)
- Nano-systems (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Native mass spectrometry (1)
- Near-field synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Neugeborenenscreening (1)
- Neuropilin (1)
- Neuroprotective (1)
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Nickel-based superalloy (1)
- Nickelbasis-Superlegierung (1)
- Nitriles (1)
- Nitrogruppe (1)
- Node involvement (1)
- Non-covalent interaction MS* (1)
- Non-destructive (1)
- Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (1)
- Nonlinear coefficient (1)
- O3/UV (1)
- OA, organic acids (1)
- OXCT1 (1)
- Oak leaf poisoning (1)
- Off-target effects (1)
- Oligodendroglioma (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Orai1 (1)
- Organische Säuren (1)
- Organosolv (1)
- Organosolv lignin (1)
- Orientation averaging (1)
- Orion (1)
- Osteogene Linie (1)
- Osteogenic lineage (1)
- Ovarian cancer (1)
- Oxazolidinone antibiotics (1)
- P1 receptor (1)
- P2 receptor (1)
- P4 medicine (1)
- PCR inhibitors (1)
- PD-1/CTLA-4 (1)
- PDI (1)
- PEM electrolysis (1)
- PLASM (1)
- PLS-regression (1)
- PTHrP (1)
- PTR-ToF (1)
- Partial least squares regression (1)
- Partikelverarbeitung (1)
- Pathogenic Bacteria (1)
- Pattern recognition (1)
- Patterning (1)
- Paulownia (1)
- Peptidomimetic inhibitors (1)
- Permeation (1)
- Peroxisomes (1)
- Pervanadate (1)
- Pharmacogenetics (1)
- Phase II reaction (1)
- Phenolic acids (1)
- Phenyls (1)
- Photoinitiator (1)
- Photopolymerization (1)
- Phycocyanin lyase (1)
- Physical sensors (1)
- Physiological stress responses in plants (1)
- Picea abies (1)
- Picea pungens (1)
- Plasmid DNA (pBR322) (1)
- Pleiotropic drug resistance (1)
- Poly(acrylonitrile-co-1,3-butadiene-co-styrene)/polyamide 6 (ABS/PA 6) blends (1)
- Polymer Chemistry (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymers (1)
- Polysaccharide derivatives (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Post-prandial metabolism (1)
- Poultry (1)
- Poultry meat (1)
- Poultry spoilage (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Pressure-sensitive adhesive (1)
- Primary explosives (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Promoter methylation (1)
- Propellants (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Proteasome maturation (1)
- Protected cultivation (1)
- Protein complex analysis (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Prunus avium L. (1)
- Präkeramische Papiere (1)
- Ps. fluorescens (1)
- Purinergic signaling (1)
- Pyrogallol (1)
- Pyroglutamic aciduria (1)
- Pyrolyse-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis-GC/FID (1)
- Pyrolysis-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis–GC/MS (1)
- Qualitative Analysis (1)
- Quantification (1)
- Quasi equilibrium conditions (1)
- R751L (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Raman and FTIR spectroscopies (1)
- Rapeseed pomace (1)
- Rapid method (1)
- Real-time measurement (1)
- Receptors, Purinergic P2 (1)
- Receptors, Purinergic/genetics/physiology (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Research reproducibility and replicability (1)
- Resin based composite (1)
- Resin composite (1)
- Resin-based composites (1)
- Restorative composite (1)
- Reversible inhibition (1)
- RheoTack analysis (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rheology (1)
- S-sulfocysteine (1)
- SAM486A (1)
- SARS-COV-2 virus (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCNN1D (1)
- SGN-35 (1)
- SHAP (1)
- SLC6 (1)
- SLC6A14 (1)
- SMBG (1)
- SNPSTR (1)
- SOS-LC (1)
- SOS-LUX test (1)
- SPME (1)
- STARLIFE project (1)
- STF-31 (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Safety and security (1)
- Sample digestion (1)
- Saponin (1)
- Scaffolds (1)
- Schadensanalyse (1)
- Schmauchspur (1)
- Schusswaffe (1)
- Schwindung (1)
- Sclera (1)
- Second-Year Undergraduate (1)
- Secondary compounds in plants (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Selektives Screening (1)
- Selenocysteine (1)
- Self-assembling (1)
- Serine (1)
- Serine proteases (1)
- Sexual assault (1)
- Shear thickening (1)
- Shear viscosity (1)
- Silica gel (1)
- Silica-based nanobeads (1)
- Silicon Carbides (1)
- Silphium (1)
- Simulated sunlight (1)
- Sinapine (1)
- Single Lens Reflex Camera (1)
- Single sperm cells (1)
- Skin (1)
- Soluble CD21 (1)
- Soluble CD23 (1)
- Solution chemistry (1)
- Space (1)
- Space radiation (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Splicing (1)
- Spoilage (1)
- Spoilage bacteria (1)
- Sports doping (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Stabilizer (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Static stiffness (1)
- Steinzeug (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stem cell differentiation (1)
- Stereoisomers (1)
- Steroidal saponin (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Storage modulus (1)
- Store-operated calcium entry (1)
- Strain stiffening (1)
- Stress analysis (1)
- Stress strain relation (1)
- Substrate mapping (1)
- Substrate specificity (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfonamides (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Supervised classification (1)
- Support vector machines (1)
- Surfaces, interfaces and thin films (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Survey (1)
- Suspension (1)
- Sympathetic reflexes (1)
- Synovial fluid (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE) (1)
- TATP (1)
- TD-GC/MS (1)
- TNT (1)
- TOC (1)
- Tandem-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Tap water (1)
- Targeted mass spectrometry (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Telogen hair (1)
- Temperaturgradienten (1)
- Terbium(III) dipicolinic acid complex (1)
- Tetramerisation (1)
- Therapeutic antibodies* (1)
- Thermal barrier coating (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermochemical conversion (1)
- Thermodynamics (1)
- Thermoplastic polyurethanes (1)
- Thermormechanical fatigue/cycling (1)
- Thermoschockverhalten (1)
- Thiol antioxidants (1)
- Thyme (1)
- Thymian (1)
- TiO2-coatings (1)
- Time dependency (1)
- Time–kill methodology (1)
- Tinten (1)
- Tissue-specific promoters (1)
- Total phenol content (1)
- Transcription Regulation (1)
- Transcriptional targeting (1)
- Transdermal therapeutic system (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Trapped radicals (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Truncated dhs (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- UV (1)
- UV Absorption (1)
- UV absorbance (1)
- UV spectrum (1)
- UV-Absorption (1)
- UV-vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultimate coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Ultrafine microstructures (1)
- Ultrasonic studies (1)
- Unconjugated THC-COOH (1)
- Urea cycle defect (1)
- Urinary bladder (1)
- Urine organic acid analysis (1)
- Urothione (1)
- Used engine oil (1)
- Valproic acid (1)
- Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1)
- Vascular cells (1)
- Vascular grafts (1)
- Vascular permeability (1)
- Vasculature (1)
- Verzug (1)
- Vibrational microspectroscopy (1)
- Vickers hardness (1)
- Vim3 (1)
- Visceral afferents (1)
- Visceral lipid tissue (1)
- Visceral pain (1)
- Viscoelastic behavior (1)
- Visible light curing (1)
- Visible light curing resin (1)
- Visible light-curing (1)
- Vitamin A acetate isomers (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- WAXS (1)
- WZB117 (1)
- Werkstoffmodellierung (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wild Type Mouse (1)
- Wildlife Forensics (1)
- Wireless sensor network (1)
- Wnt/β-catenin (1)
- Wolframin (1)
- Wärmedämmschicht (1)
- X Thermal barrier coating (1)
- X-STR (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) (1)
- XGBoost (1)
- Y-STR (1)
- Yeast (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young’s modulus (1)
- Zahnfollikel (1)
- Zytokin-induzierte Killerzellen (1)
- accelerated iron ions (1)
- accurate monitoring (1)
- acetoacetic acid (1)
- acetone (1)
- acidic ethanosolv (1)
- actin (1)
- active packaging (1)
- adhesion factor (1)
- adoptive cell transfer (1)
- adverse effects (1)
- aerogels (1)
- agarose (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- alkaline phosphatase (1)
- allergenicity (1)
- allosteric communication (1)
- altered mitochondrial homeostasis (1)
- amelogenesis (1)
- amino acid transporter (1)
- amodiaquine (1)
- amorphous 2D polymer (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- anabolic (1)
- anaplastic lymphoma kinase (1)
- angiodiabetes (1)
- anorganische Schmauchspur (1)
- antibacterial (1)
- antibiotic prophylaxis (1)
- antibody–drug conjugate (1)
- antifungal (1)
- antioxidant activity (1)
- antioxidative capacity (1)
- antiradical activity (1)
- apple allergy (1)
- apple replant disease (ARD) (1)
- arthritis (1)
- ash (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- autism spectrum disorders (1)
- autohydrolysis (1)
- autoimmune disease (1)
- autologous bone graft (1)
- automated electrophysiology (1)
- automated sensor-screening (1)
- automatic measurement validation (1)
- automation of sample processing (1)
- automotive paint (1)
- azadipeptide nitrile (1)
- bagasse (1)
- basalt (1)
- bdelloid rotifer (1)
- beaching (1)
- behavior and cognition (1)
- benchtop (1)
- bio-based polymers (1)
- bio-chemicals (1)
- bio-innovation (1)
- bioactive factors (1)
- biochemical fingerprinting (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- biocomposite (1)
- bioeconomy (1)
- bioenergy (1)
- biofilm removal (1)
- biofilm-related infections (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomarker profile (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biomolecules (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- bio‐based (1)
- black fungi (1)
- blebbistatin (1)
- blood glucose meters (1)
- blood glucose monitoring device (1)
- blood vessel (1)
- blow molding (1)
- blown film (1)
- blown film extrusion (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone regeneration (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- brain tumor (1)
- branched-chain amino acids (1)
- breast carcinoma (1)
- brilliant green (1)
- built environment (1)
- bypass graft (1)
- cPMP (1)
- cabbage waste (1)
- calendering (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer biomarker (1)
- cancer treatment (1)
- cannabidiol, immunotherapy (1)
- cardiodiabetes (1)
- cardiovascular replacement (1)
- cartilage (1)
- caspase (1)
- caspases (1)
- catabolic (1)
- catalysis (1)
- cell division (1)
- cell harvesting (1)
- cell viability (1)
- cementogenesis (1)
- ceramics (1)
- chaetocin (1)
- chain extenders cross-linker (1)
- chain extending cross-linker (1)
- chain-extending cross-linker (1)
- chemical pathology (1)
- chemosensing (1)
- chiral-nematic (1)
- chitosan (1)
- cholesteric liquid crystals (1)
- cholesteric phase (1)
- chromanones (1)
- chromatogram library (1)
- ciclopirox olamine (1)
- clear cell renal cell carcinoma (1)
- clear coat (1)
- clinical trials (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coaxial electrospinning (1)
- coffee ring effect (1)
- collagen (1)
- combination (1)
- combination of treatments (1)
- common variable immunodeficiency (1)
- composites (1)
- condensation (1)
- conditioned media (1)
- confocal fluorescence microscopy (1)
- coniferous woods (1)
- contribution ratio (1)
- copolymers of methacrylic acid with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate macromonomers (1)
- core-sheath fibers (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cost optimization (1)
- cracks (1)
- creep compliance (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- crystal violet (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- cube in cube model (1)
- cyanohydrazide warhead (1)
- cysticfibrosis (1)
- cytoskeleton (1)
- data base search (1)
- data evaluation (1)
- decay classes (1)
- defects (1)
- deformation behavior (1)
- degraded DNA (1)
- degree of disintegration (1)
- delta-subunit (1)
- demethylation (1)
- dental implant (1)
- dental polymers (1)
- dental stem cells (1)
- dental stem cells immortalization (1)
- dentinogenesis (1)
- dentogenesis (1)
- dependability analysis (1)
- depolymerization (1)
- desert cyanobacteria (1)
- detaching (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic dyslipidemia (1)
- diagnosis and management (1)
- dielectric analysis (DEA) (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- diffusion (1)
- disintegration kinetics (1)
- dissolved ozone (1)
- distributed embedded computing system (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug release materials (1)
- duty ratio (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) (1)
- eIF-5A (1)
- electroless copper deposition (1)
- electroretinography (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- elementary volume (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- endocytosis (1)
- endometrial carcinoma (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial cell differentiation (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- energy deposition (1)
- energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- epithelial sodium channel (1)
- epithelial transport (1)
- epitope mapping (1)
- essential oil (1)
- ethacrynic acid (1)
- exon fusion (1)
- explosives (1)
- extra column band broadening (1)
- extraction-linked bias (1)
- extrusion blow molding (1)
- fasentin (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- feature (1)
- fiber composites (1)
- fish gill (1)
- flow cytometry (1)
- fluorinated salts (1)
- food contact material (1)
- food safety (1)
- food waste (1)
- forensic (1)
- forensic genetics (1)
- formulation (1)
- fractional activity (1)
- fungal and bacterial amplicon sequencing (1)
- gas turbine blade (1)
- gene expression (1)
- generative manufacturing (1)
- genetic polymorphism (1)
- genomic data (1)
- genotype (1)
- geopolymer (1)
- geopolymer foam (1)
- glucocheck (1)
- glucose uptake inhibitor (1)
- glycemic control (1)
- glycerol (1)
- greenhouse bio-test (1)
- growth factors (1)
- growth hormone (1)
- guidelines (1)
- habitability (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- hard and soft tissue (1)
- harvest prediction (1)
- healthcare-associated infections (HAI) (1)
- heart protection (1)
- heat shock proteins (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heat-transfer method (1)
- heavy ion particle (HZE) radations (1)
- helical drilling (1)
- helical twisting power (1)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- heterocyclic (1)
- heterozygous ALPL mutation (1)
- high diagnostic coverage and reliability (1)
- high dynamic range resistance readout (1)
- high-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (1)
- high-throughput DNA sequencing (1)
- high-throughput qRT-PCR (1)
- high-throughput sequencing (1)
- histamine receptor (1)
- histamine receptor antagonist (1)
- histidine decarboxylase (1)
- histone deacetylase inhibitors (1)
- homemade explosives (1)
- homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) (1)
- hospital environment (1)
- hospital-acquired infections (1)
- human cholinesterases (1)
- human microbiome (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypogammaglobulinemia (1)
- hypophosphatasia (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- iPS cells (1)
- iPSCs (1)
- iPad (1)
- identification (1)
- immune checkpoint inhibition programmed cell death-1 (1)
- immunhistochemistry (1)
- immunology (1)
- impact monitoring (1)
- impact sensitivity (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- impregnation-reduction (1)
- increments of retention indices (1)
- individualized therapy (1)
- infection prevention (1)
- infectious disease (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- inherited metabolic disease (1)
- inorganic pyrophosphate (1)
- intact proinsulin (1)
- integrative Simulation (1)
- integrative simulation (1)
- interferon γ (1)
- internal drug exposure (1)
- intrinsic pathway (1)
- invasion (1)
- ionic polymer metal (1)
- isoleucine (1)
- isoleucine metabolism (1)
- ketogenesis defects (1)
- ketogenez defektleri (1)
- ketoliz defektleri (1)
- ketolysis defects (1)
- keton bodies (1)
- ketone body synthesis (1)
- klarzelliges Nierenzellkarzinom (1)
- kraft lignin (1)
- layer-by-layer encapsulation (1)
- leishmaniasis (1)
- leucine (1)
- leucine degradation (1)
- life on Mars (1)
- life-detection (1)
- lignin structure analysis (1)
- lignocellulose feedstock (1)
- lignocellulosic feedstock (1)
- lignosulfonate (1)
- liquid chromatography (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystals (1)
- long interspersed nuclear element-1 (1)
- long-term storage (1)
- low molecular weight (1)
- low-level laser therapy (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- mTOR (1)
- major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) (1)
- massive parallel sequencing (1)
- material modelling (1)
- materials processing (1)
- maturity index (1)
- mechanical testing (1)
- mechanical thinning (1)
- melt fraction (1)
- melt interconnection (1)
- member D (NKG2D) (1)
- mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- mesogens (1)
- metabolic acidosis (1)
- metabolic effects (1)
- metabolically active cells (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor gas sensors (1)
- methylmalonic acidaemia (1)
- methylmalonic acidemia (1)
- miR-15 (1)
- miR-498 (1)
- micro processing (1)
- microbial community structure (1)
- microbial contamination (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microbiome analyses (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- micromanipulation (1)
- microplastic (1)
- microsatellite instability (1)
- migration (1)
- mitochondrial biogenesis (1)
- mixed-mode chromatography (1)
- modelling (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular mass degradation (1)
- molecular motor (1)
- molecular pathology (1)
- molecular weight determination (1)
- molecule-surface interactions (1)
- monoamine oxidases (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- morphology (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-drug response (1)
- multiaxial stress state (1)
- multidimensional (1)
- multineurotarget agents (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple myeloma (MM) (1)
- multivariate data analysis (1)
- multivariate data processing (1)
- multivariate statistical analysis (1)
- multivariate statistics (1)
- mutations (1)
- myogenesis (1)
- nano structured gas sensors (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanocrystalline diamond (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- natural additives (1)
- natural fiber (1)
- natural killer group 2 (1)
- neoexpression (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- nitrogen dioxide (1)
- non-HDL-C and Cardiovascular disease (1)
- non-apoptotic roles (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- non-woven fiber mats (1)
- nondestructive examination (1)
- nosocomial infections (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nutrient germinants (1)
- nutrigenetics (1)
- nutrigenomics (1)
- odontogenic cells (1)
- operando Raman spectroscopies (1)
- organic acid analysis (1)
- organische Schmauchspur (1)
- organoids (1)
- organosolv lignin (1)
- orthotropes prozessabhängiges Materialverhalten (1)
- orthotropic process-dependent material behavior (1)
- osteogenic potential (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- outer space (1)
- ozonation (1)
- ozone (1)
- p27 (1)
- p53 (1)
- paediatric clinical genetics & dysmorphology (1)
- paediatric endocrinology (1)
- paediatric intensive & critical care (1)
- panspermia (1)
- papier-abgeleitete Keramiken (1)
- papierabgeleitete Keramik (1)
- partial melting (1)
- partial squares regression (1)
- particle processing (1)
- particulate composite (1)
- patent (1)
- pathogen control (1)
- pathogenic microorganisms (1)
- pathophysiology (1)
- peptide sequencing (1)
- permeability (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- pharmacokinetics (1)
- phenylketonuria (1)
- phosphoethanolamine (1)
- photo-curing of polymers (1)
- photolysis (1)
- photostabiliser (1)
- phytoalexins (1)
- pigments (1)
- planetary protection (1)
- plant extracts (1)
- plastic pollution (1)
- poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate macromonomers (1)
- polybutylene adipate terephthalate (1)
- polyelectrolytes (1)
- polylactic acid (1)
- polymers (1)
- polysaccharide (1)
- polytunnel (1)
- polyurethane coatings (1)
- porosity (1)
- porphyria (1)
- postmenopause (1)
- potentiometric sensors (1)
- power stroke (1)
- precision (1)
- pressure sensitive adhesives (1)
- primary airway epithelial cells (1)
- primates (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- prioritizable ranking (1)
- proanthocyanidins (1)
- probiotic cleaning (1)
- probiotic-based cleaning formulations (1)
- process parameters (1)
- process-induced morphology (1)
- project-specific cost profile (1)
- proliferation (1)
- propionic acidaemia (1)
- propionic acidemia (1)
- protease inhibitor (1)
- protected cultivation (1)
- protein microarray (1)
- proteomics (1)
- prototype apparatus (1)
- proximal tubule (1)
- präkeramisches Papier (1)
- pseudogene (1)
- purinergic receptor (1)
- purinergic receptors (1)
- pyridoxal phosphate (1)
- pyrolysis-GC (1)
- pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (1)
- pyroplastic deformation (1)
- pyroplastic index (1)
- pyroplastische Verformung (1)
- pyroplastischer Index (1)
- qNMR (1)
- quantitative RP-HPLC-DAD (1)
- quantitative RT-PCR (1)
- radiation (1)
- radioresistance (1)
- rating method (1)
- recurrent ketoacidotic episodes (1)
- redundancy (1)
- relative density (1)
- release kinetics (1)
- renal cancer (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- renal tubular cells (1)
- resistance (1)
- restenosis (1)
- retinal degeneration (1)
- retraction speed dependency (1)
- rheology (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- ring-size statistics (1)
- ripening (1)
- rodent (1)
- rodents (1)
- rosiglitazone (1)
- sCD21 (1)
- safety measures (1)
- scanning tunnelling microscopy (1)
- scratch assay (1)
- screening (1)
- seed coat (1)
- selectivity tuning (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-monitoring BG (1)
- semiconducting metal oxide gas sensor array (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- sensitize (1)
- sensor array (1)
- sensory characterisation (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sexual assault (1)
- shelf life (1)
- short tandem repeat (1)
- short tandem repeat (STR) (1)
- short-range correlation (1)
- shrinkage (1)
- single-domain antibody (1)
- single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA (1)
- sintering (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- size exclusion chromatography (1)
- skin cancer (1)
- slope based signature (1)
- smooth muscle cell (1)
- smooth muscle cell differentiation (1)
- sodium alginate (1)
- sodium self-inhibition (1)
- soil properties (1)
- soil sickness (1)
- sol-gel support (1)
- solute carrier (1)
- solvent exchange (1)
- space radiation environment (1)
- sperm cell (1)
- spore resistance (1)
- sporegermination (1)
- stabilisation (1)
- stabiliser (1)
- stationary phase (1)
- staurosporine (1)
- steady-state concentration (1)
- stent (1)
- stoneware (1)
- stress analysis (1)
- structural biology (1)
- structural coloration (1)
- structure (1)
- structure prediction (1)
- substance aging (1)
- superalloys (1)
- supercritical drying (1)
- superficially porous particles (1)
- supramolecular liquid crystals (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface sanitization (1)
- surfaces (1)
- surrogate endpoint (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainability (1)
- sustainable packaging (1)
- sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) (1)
- sweet sorghum (1)
- switchgear station (1)
- synergistic effect (1)
- synthetic sapphire (1)
- system lay-out (1)
- system optimization (1)
- systemic response (1)
- tRNA processing (1)
- temperature influence (1)
- templates (1)
- temporomandibular joint (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal barrier coating (1)
- thermal gradient (1)
- thermal insulation material (1)
- thermal insulation materials (1)
- thermal shock behaviour (1)
- thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- thermo-mechanical properties (1)
- thermochemical conversion (1)
- thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- thermomechanical fatigue/cycling (1)
- thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- thermophoresis (1)
- thermosensing (1)
- thin film (1)
- tiglyglycine (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- total phenol content (1)
- total phenolic content (1)
- transcriptional regulation (1)
- transient kinetics (1)
- transient receptor potential vanilloid Type 2 (1)
- triacetone triperoxide (1)
- triacetone triperoxides (1)
- triiodothyronine (1)
- triphenylmethane dyes (1)
- tumor diagnosis (1)
- tunable pitch (1)
- tunable sheet resistance (1)
- tungsten oxide (1)
- tungsten oxides (1)
- two-electrode voltage clamp (1)
- ultrashort pulse laser (1)
- unfolded protein response (UPR) (1)
- valine catabolic pathway (1)
- valine degradation (1)
- van Deemter curve (1)
- volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing (1)
- warpage (1)
- water-to-land transition (1)
- wearable technology (1)
- whole genome amplification (WGA) (1)
- whole-tooth regeneration (1)
- woody debris (1)
- wound healing assay (1)
- yield (1)
- yin-yang effect (1)
- zona pellucida protein 2 ZP2 (1)
- µCT (1)
- ß-OHB (1)
- ß-hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-amino acids (1)
- β-catenin (1)
- β-catenin expression (1)
- β-cell dysfunction (1)
- β-cells (1)
- γ-glutamyl cycle (1)
- σ1 and σ2 receptors (1)
Our study shows ZP2 to be a new biomarker for diagnosis, best used in combination with other low abundant genes in colon cancer. Furthermore, ZP2 promotes cell proliferation via the ERK1/2-cyclinD1-signaling pathway. We demonstrate that ZP2 mRNA is expressed in a low-abundant manner with high specificity in subsets of cancer cell lines representing different cancer subtypes and also in a significant proportion of primary colon cancers. The potential benefit of ZP2 as a biomarker is discussed. In the second part of our study, the function of ZP2 in cancerogenesis has been analyzed. Since ZP2 shows an enhanced transcript level in colon cancer cells, siRNA experiments have been performed to verify the potential role of ZP2 in cell proliferation. Based on these data, ZP2 might serve as a new target molecule for cancer diagnosis and treatment in respective cancer types such as colon cancer.
Several species of (poly)saccharides and organic acids can be found often simultaneously in various biological matrices, e.g., fruits, plant materials, and biological fluids. The analysis of such matrices sometimes represents a challenging task. Using Aloe vera (A. vera) plant materials as an example, the performance of several spectroscopic methods (80 MHz benchtop NMR, NIR, ATR-FTIR and UV-Vis) for the simultaneous analysis of quality parameters of this plant material was compared. The determined parameters include (poly)saccharides such as aloverose, fructose and glucose as well as organic acids (malic, lactic, citric, isocitric, acetic, fumaric, benzoic and sorbic acids). 500 MHz NMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used as the reference methods.
UV-VIS data can be used only for identification of added preservatives (benzoic and sorbic acids) and drying agent (maltodextrin) and semiquantitative analysis of malic acid. NIR and MIR spectroscopies combined with multivariate regression can deliver more informative overview of A. vera extracts being able to additionally quantify glucose, aloverose, citric, isocitric, malic, lactic acids and fructose. Low-field NMR measurements can be used for the quantification of aloverose, glucose, malic, lactic, acetic, and benzoic acids. The benchtop NMR method was successfully validated in terms of robustness, stability, precision, reproducibility and limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), respectively.
All spectroscopic techniques are useful for the screening of (poly)saccharides and organic acids in plant extracts and should be applied according to its availability as well as information and confidence required for the specific analytical goal. Benchtop NMR spectroscopy seems to be the most feasible solution for quality control of A. vera products.
Once aberrantly activated, the Wnt/βcatenin pathway may result in uncontrolled proliferation and eventually cancer. Efforts to counter and inhibit this pathway are mainly directed against βcatenin, as it serves a role on the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In addition, speciallygenerated lymphocytes are recruited for the purpose of treating liver cancer. Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes are expanded by the timely addition of interferon γ, interleukin (IL)1β, IL2 and anticluster of differentiation 3 antibody. The resulting cells are called cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells. The present study utilised these cells and combine them with drugs inhibiting the Wnt pathway in order to examine whether this resulted in an improvement in the killing ability of CIK cells against liver cancer cells. Drugs including ethacrynic acid (EA) and ciclopirox olamine (CPX) were determined to be suitable candidates, as determined by previous studies. Drugs were administered on their own and combined with CIK cells and then a cell viability assay was performed. These results suggest that EAtreated cells demonstrated apoptosis and were significantly affected compared with untreated cells. Unlike EA, CPX killed normal and cancerous cells even at low concentrations. Subsequent to combining EA with CIK cells, the potency of killing was increased and a greater number of cells died, which proves a synergistic action. In summary, EA may be used as an antihepatocellular carcinoma drug, while CPX possesses a high toxicity to cancerous as well as to normal cells. It was proposed that EA should be integrated into present therapeutic methods for cancer.
The actomyosin system generates mechanical work with the execution of the power stroke, an ATP-driven, two-step rotational swing of the myosin-neck that occurs post ATP hydrolysis during the transition from weakly to strongly actin-bound myosin states concomitant with Pi release and prior to ADP dissociation. The activating role of actin on product release and force generation is well documented; however, the communication paths associated with weak-to-strong transitions are poorly characterized. With the aid of mutant analyses based on kinetic investigations and simulations, we identified the W-helix as an important hub coupling the structural changes of switch elements during ATP hydrolysis to temporally controlled interactions with actin that are passed to the central transducer and converter. Disturbing the W-helix/transducer pathway increased actin-activated ATP turnover and reduced motor performance as a consequence of prolonged duration of the strongly actin-attached states. Actin-triggered Pi release was accelerated, while ADP release considerably decelerated, both limiting maximum ATPase, thus transforming myosin-2 into a high-duty-ratio motor. This kinetic signature of the mutant allowed us to define the fractional occupancies of intermediate states during the ATPase cycle providing evidence that myosin populates a cleft-closure state of strong actin interaction during the weak-to-strong transition with bound hydrolysis products before accomplishing the power stroke.
Polyurethane (PU) coatings were successfully produced using unmodified kraft lignin (KL) as an environmentally benign component in contents of up to 80 wt%. Lignin samples were precipitated from industrial black liquor in aqueous solution working at room temperature and different pH levels (pH 2 to pH 5). Lignins were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, SEC and 31P-NMR. Results show a correlation between pH level, OH number and molecular weight Mw of isolated lignins. Lignin-based polyurethane coatings were prepared in an efficient one step synthesis dissolving lignin in THF and PEG425 in an ultrasonic bath followed by addition of 4,4-diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and triethylamine (TEA). Crosslinking was achieved under very mild conditions (1 hour at room temperature followed by 3 hours at 35 °C). The resulting coatings were characterized regarding their physical properties including ATR-IR, TGA, optical contact angle, light microscopy, REM-EDX and AFM data. Transparent homogeneous films of high flexibility resulted from lignins isolated at pH 4, possessing a temperature resistance up to 160 °C. Swelling tests revealed a resistance against water. Swelling in DMSO depends on index, pH of precipitation and catalyst utilization for PU preparation. According to AFM studies, surface roughness is between 10 and 28 nm.
The development of metals tailored to the metallurgical conditions of laser-based additive manufacturing is crucial to advance the maturity of these materials for their use in structural applications. While efforts in this regard are being carried out around the globe, the use of high strength eutectic alloys have, so far, received minor attention, although previous works showed that rapid solidification techniques can result in ultrafine microstructures with excellent mechanical performance, albeit for small sample sizes. In the present work, a eutectic Ti-32.5Fe alloy has been produced by laser powder bed fusion aiming at exploiting rapid solidification and the capability to produce bulk ultrafine microstructures provided by this processing technique.
Process energy densities between 160 J/mm³ and 180 J/mm³ resulted in a dense and crack-free material with an oxygen content of ~ 0.45 wt.% in which a hierarchical microstructure is formed by µm-sized η-Ti4Fe2Ox dendrites embedded in an ultrafine eutectic β-Ti/TiFe matrix. The microstructure was studied three-dimensionally using near-field synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography with an actual spatial resolution down to 39 nm to analyse the morphology of the eutectic and dendritic structures as well as to quantify their mass density, size and distribution. Inter-lamellar spacings down to ~ 30–50 nm were achieved, revealing the potential of laser-based additive manufacturing to generate microstructures smaller than those obtained by classical rapid solidification techniques for bulk materials. The alloy was deformed at 600 °C under compressive loading up to a strain of ~ 30% without damage formation, resulting in a compressive yield stress of ~ 800 MPa.
This study provides a first demonstration of the feasibility to produce eutectic Ti-Fe alloys with ultrafine microstructures by laser powder bed fusion that are suitable for structural applications at elevated temperature.
Ultra-fast photopolymerization of experimental composites: DEA and FT-NIRS measurement comparison
(2015)
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) plays a key role in salt and water homeostasis in tetrapod vertebrates. There are four ENaC subunits (α, β, γ, δ), forming heterotrimeric αβγ- or δβγ-ENaCs. While the physiology of αβγ-ENaC is well understood, for decades the field has stalled with respect to δβγ-ENaC due to the lack of mammalian model organisms. The SCNN1D gene coding for δ-ENaC was previously believed to be absent in rodents, hindering studies using standard laboratory animals. We analysed all currently available rodent genomes and discovered that SCNN1D is present in rodents but was independently lost in five rodent lineages, including the Muridae (mice and rats). The independent loss of SCNN1D in rodent lineages may be constrained by phylogeny and taxon-specific adaptation to dry habitats, however habitat aridity does not provide a selection pressure for maintenance of SCNN1D across Rodentia. A fusion of two exons coding for a structurally flexible region in the extracellular domain of δ-ENaC appeared in the Hystricognathi (a group that includes guinea pigs). This conserved pattern evolved at least 41 Ma ago and represents a new autapomorphic feature for this clade. Exon fusion does not impair functionality of guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) δβγ-ENaC expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Electrophysiological characterisation at the whole-cell and single-channel level revealed conserved biophysical features and mechanisms controlling guinea pig αβγ- and δβγ-ENaC function as compared to human orthologues. Guinea pigs therefore represent commercially available mammalian model animals that will help shed light on the physiological function of δ-ENaC.
Development of colored surfaces by formation of nano-structured aggregates is a widely used strategy in nature to color lightweight structures (e.g. butterflies) without the use of dye pigments. The deposition of nanoscale particles mimics nature in it’s approach coloring surfaces. This work presents sol-gel modification of cellulose surfaces used to form a template for growth of Cu/Cu2O core-shell particles with defined size-distributions. Besides improving the adhesion of the deposited particulate material, the sol-gel matrix serves as a template for the control of particle sizes of the Cu/Cu2O structures, and as a consequence of particle size variation the surface color is tunable. As an example, red color was achieved with an average particle size of 35 nm, and shifts gradually to blue appearance when particles have grown to 80 nm on the sol-gel modified fabric. The copper concentration on representative fabrics is kept low to avoid modifying the textile characteristics and were all in the range of 150–170 mg per g of cellulose material. As a result of copper deposition on the surface of the material, the cellulose fabric also became electrically conductive. Remarkably, the electrical conductivity was found to be dependent on the average particle sizes of the deposits and thus related to the change in observed color. The generation of color by growth of nano-sized particles on sol-gel templates provides a highly promising approach to stain surfaces by physical effects without use of synthetic colorants, which opens a new strategy to improve environmental profile of coloration.
The non-filarial and non-communicable disease podoconiosis affects around 4 million people and is characterized by severe leg lymphedema accompanied with painful intermittent acute inflammatory episodes, called acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA) attacks. Risk factors have been associated with the disease but the mechanisms of pathophysiology remain uncertain. Lymphedema can lead to skin lesions, which can serve as entry points for bacteria that may cause ADLA attacks leading to progression of the lymphedema. However, the microbiome of the skin of affected legs from podoconiosis individuals remains unclear. Thus, we analysed the skin microbiome of podoconiosis legs using next generation sequencing. We revealed a positive correlation between increasing lymphedema severity and non-commensal anaerobic bacteria, especially Anaerococcus provencensis, as well as a negative correlation with the presence of Corynebacterium, a constituent of normal skin flora. Disease symptoms were generally linked to higher microbial diversity and richness, which deviated from the normal composition of the skin. These findings show an association of distinct bacterial taxa with lymphedema stages, highlighting the important role of bacteria for the pathogenesis of podoconiosis and might enable a selection of better treatment regimens to manage ADLA attacks and disease progression.
Microarray-based experiments revealed that thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced the binding of Cy5-labeled ATP on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). By molecular docking experiments with T3 on Hsp90, we identified a T3 binding site (TBS) near the ATP binding site on Hsp90. A synthetic peptide encoding HHHHHHRIKEIVKKHSQFIGYPITLFVEKE derived from the TBS on Hsp90 showed, in MST experiments, the binding of T3 at an EC50 of 50 μM. The binding motif can influence the activity of Hsp90 by hindering ATP accessibility or the release of ADP.
Transient up-regulation of P2 receptors influence differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
(2012)
Toshiyuki Fukao
(2020)
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
Thermo-chemical conversion of cucumber peel waste for biobased energy and chemical production
(2022)
Therapeutic Treatments for Osteoporosis-Which Combination of Pills Is the Best among the Bad?
(2022)
Osteoporosis is a chronical, systemic skeletal disorder characterized by an increase in bone resorption, which leads to reduced bone density. The reduction in bone mineral density and therefore low bone mass results in an increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is caused by an imbalance in the normally strictly regulated bone homeostasis. This imbalance is caused by overactive bone-resorbing osteoclasts, while bone-synthesizing osteoblasts do not compensate for this. In this review, the mechanism is presented, underlined by in vitro and animal models to investigate this imbalance as well as the current status of clinical trials. Furthermore, new therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis are presented, such as anabolic treatments and catabolic treatments and treatments using biomaterials and biomolecules. Another focus is on new combination therapies with multiple drugs which are currently considered more beneficial for the treatment of osteoporosis than monotherapies. Taken together, this review starts with an overview and ends with the newest approaches for osteoporosis therapies and a future perspective not presented so far.
Although p27 plays a central role in cell cycle regulation, its role in breast cancer prognosis is controversial. Furthermore, the p27 gene CDKN1B carries a polymorphism with unknown functional relevance. This study was designed to evaluate p27 expression and p27 genotyping with respect to early breast cancer prognosis. 279 patients with infiltrating metastasis-free breast cancer were included in this study. p27 expression was determined in tumor tissue specimens from 261 patients by immunohistochemistry. From 108 patients, the CDKN1B genotype was examined by PCR and subsequent direct sequencing. 55.2% of the tumors were considered p27 positive. p27 expression did not correlate with any of the established parameters except for nodal involvement but significantly correlated to prolonged disease-free survival. In 35% of the tumors analyzed, the CDKN1B gene showed a polymorphism at codon 109 (V109G). The V109G polymorphism correlated with greater nodal involvement. In the node-negative subgroup, V109G correlated significantly with a shortened disease-free survival. In conclusion, the determination of the CDKN1B genotype might be a powerful tool for the prognosis of patients with early breast cancer.
In 2018, in the US alone, it is estimated that 268,670 people will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and that 41,400 will die from it. Since breast cancers often become resistant to therapies, and certain breast cancers lack therapeutic targets, new approaches are urgently required. A cell-stress response pathway, the unfolded protein response (UPR), has emerged as a promising target for the development of novel breast cancer treatments. This pathway is activated in response to a disturbance in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis but has diverse physiological and disease-specific functions. In breast cancer, UPR signalling promotes a malignant phenotype and can confer tumours with resistance to widely used therapies. Here, we review several roles for UPR signalling in breast cancer, highlighting UPR-mediated therapy resistance and the potential for targeting the UPR alone or in combination with existing therapies.
Autoantibodies in sera from patients with autoimmune diseases have long been known and have become diagnostic tools. Analysis of their functional role again became popular with the availability of mice mutant for several genes of the complement and Fcγ receptor (FcγR) systems. Evidence from different inflammatory models suggests that both systems are interconnected in a hierarchical way. The complement system mediators such as complement component 5a (C5a) might be crucial in the communication between the complement system and FcγR-expressing cells. The split complement protein C5a is known to inactivate cells by its G-protein-coupled receptor and to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of FcγRs, thereby contributing to the complex regulation of autoimmune disease.
A major challenge modern society has to face is the increasing need for tissue regeneration due to degenerative diseases or tumors, but also accidents or warlike conflicts. There is great hope that stem cell-based therapies might improve current treatments of cardiovascular diseases, osteochondral defects or nerve injury due to the unique properties of stem cells such as their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Since embryonic stem cells raise severe ethical concerns and are prone to teratoma formation, adult stem cells are still in the focus of research. Emphasis is placed on cellular signaling within these cells and in between them for a better understanding of the complex processes regulating stem cell fate. One of the oldest signaling systems is based on nucleotides as ligands for purinergic receptors playing an important role in a huge variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, migration and differentiation. Besides their natural ligands, several artificial agonists and antagonists have been identified for P1 and P2 receptors and are already used as drugs. This review outlines purinergic receptor expression and signaling in stem cells metabolism. We will briefly describe current findings in embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells as well as in cancer-, hematopoietic-, and neural crest-derived stem cells. The major focus will be placed on recent findings of purinergic signaling in mesenchymal stem cells addressed in in vitro and in vivo studies, since stem cell fate might be manipulated by this system guiding differentiation towards the desired lineage in the future.
One of the primary current astrobiological goals is to understand the limits of microbial resistance to extraterrestrial conditions. Much attention is paid to ionizing radiation, since it can prevent the preservation and spread of life outside the Earth. The aim of this research was to study the impact of accelerated He ions (150 MeV/n, up to 1 kGy) as a component of the galactic cosmic rays on the black fungus C. antarcticus when mixed with Antarctic sandstones—the substratum of its natural habitat—and two Martian regolith simulants, which mimics two different evolutionary stages of Mars. The high dose of 1 kGy was used to assess the effect of dose accumulation in dormant cells within minerals, under long-term irradiation estimated on a geological time scale. The data obtained suggests that viable Earth-like microorganisms can be preserved in the dormant state in the near-surface scenario for approximately 322,000 and 110,000 Earth years within Martian regolith that mimic early and present Mars environmental conditions, respectively. In addition, the results of the study indicate the possibility of maintaining traces within regolith, as demonstrated by the identification of melanin pigments through UltraViolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric approach.
Background: Staurosporine-dependent single and collective cell migration patterns of breast carcinoma cells MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and SK-BR-3 were analysed to characterise the presence of drug-dependent migration promoting and inhibiting yin-yang effects. Methods: Migration patterns of various breast cancer cells after staurosporine treatment were investigated using Western blot, cell toxicity assays, single and collective cell migration assays, and video time-lapse. Statistical analyses were performed with Kruskal–Wallis and Fligner–Killeen tests. Results: Application of staurosporine induced the migration of single MCF-7 cells but inhibited collective cell migration. With the exception of low-density SK-BR-3 cells, staurosporine induced the generation of immobile flattened giant cells. Video time-lapse analysis revealed that within the borderline of cell collectives, staurosporine reduced the velocity of individual MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3, but not of MCF-7 cells. In individual MCF-7 cells, mainly the directionality of migration became disturbed, which led to an increased migration rate parallel to the borderline, and hereby to an inhibition of the migration of the cell collective as a total. Moreover, the application of staurosporine led to a transient activation of ERK1/2 in all cell lines. Conclusion: Dependent on the context (single versus collective cells), a drug may induce opposite effects in the same cell line.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for Regenerative Dentistry in particular due to their ability to differentiate towards osteoblasts, among other lineages. Tooth and jaw bone loss are frequent sequelae of traumatic and pathological conditions in both the young and the elderly and must be met by appropriate prosthetic replacements. For successful osseointegration of the dental implant a sufficient bone level is necessary. Besides the utilization of bone autografts or synthetic biomaterials, medical research is more and more focused on the utilization of MSCs. Compared to cells obtained from liposuction material, ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the head area e.g. out of dental follicles or particulate, non-vascularized bone chips show a higher differentiation potential towards osteoblasts.
The ability to discriminate between different ionic species, termed ion selectivity, is a key feature of ion channels and forms the basis for their physiological function. Members of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) superfamily of trimeric ion channels are typically sodium selective, but to a surprisingly variable degree. While acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are weakly sodium selective (sodium:potassium ratio ∼10:1), ENaCs show a remarkably high preference for sodium over potassium (>500:1). This discrepancy may be expected to originate from differences in the pore-lining second transmembrane segment (M2). However, these show a relatively high degree of sequence conservation between ASICs and ENaCs, and previous functional and structural studies could not unequivocally establish that differences in M2 alone can account for the disparate degrees of ion selectivity. By contrast, surprisingly little is known about the contributions of the first transmembrane segment (M1) and the preceding pre-M1 region. In this study, we used conventional and noncanonical amino acid-based mutagenesis in combination with a variety of electrophysiological approaches to show that the pre-M1 and M1 regions of mASIC1a channels are major determinants of ion selectivity. Mutational investigations of the corresponding regions in hENaC show that these regions contribute less to ion selectivity, despite affecting ion conductance. In conclusion, our work suggests that the remarkably different degrees of sodium selectivity in ASICs and ENaCs are achieved through different mechanisms. These results further highlight how M1 and pre-M1 are likely to differentially affect pore structure in these related channels.
Exposure to microgravity conditions causes cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts during spaceflight. Until now, no specific drugs are available for countermeasure, since the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play key roles in various vascular functions, many of which are regulated by purinergic 2 (P2) receptors. However, their function in ECs and SMCs under microgravity conditions is still unclear. In this study, primary ECs and SMCs were isolated from bovine aorta and verified with specific markers. We show for the first time that the P2 receptor expression pattern is altered in ECs and SMCs after 24 h exposure to simulated microgravity using a clinostat. However, conditioned medium compensates this change in specific P2 receptors, for example, P2X7. Notably, P2 receptors such as P2X7 might be the important players during the paracrine interaction. Additionally, ECs and SMCs secreted different cytokines under simulated microgravity, leading into a pathogenic proliferation and migration. In conclusion, our data indicate P2 receptors might be important players responding to gravity changes in ECs and SMCs. Since some artificial P2 receptor ligands are applied as drugs, it is reasonable to assume that they might be promising candidates against cardiovascular deconditioning in the future.
Isovaleric acidemia (IVA), due to isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (IVD) deficiency, results in the accumulation of isovaleryl-CoA, isovaleric acid and secondary metabolites. The increase in these metabolites decreases mitochondrial energy production and increases oxidative stress. This contributes to the neuropathological features of IVA. A general assumption in the literature exists that glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) plays a role in alleviating the symptoms experienced by IVA patients through the formation of N-isovalerylglycine. GLYAT forms part of the phase II glycine conjugation pathway in the liver and detoxifies excess acyl-CoA’s namely benzoyl-CoA. However, very few studies support GLYAT as the enzyme that conjugates isovaleryl-CoA to glycine. Furthermore, GLYATL1, a paralogue of GLYAT, conjugates phenylacetyl-CoA to glutamine. Therefore, GLYATL1 might also be a candidate for the formation of N-isovalerylglycine. Based on the findings from the literature review, we proposed that GLYAT or GLYATL1 can form N-isovalerylglycine in IVA patients. To test this hypothesis, we performed an in-silico analysis to determine which enzyme is more likely to conjugate isovaleryl-CoA with glycine using AutoDock Vina. Thereafter, we performed in vitro validation using purified enzyme preparations. The in-silico and in vitro findings suggested that both enzymes could form N-isovaleryglycine albeit at lower affinities than their preferred substrates. Furthermore, an increase in glycine concentration does not result in an increase in N-isovalerylglycine formation. The results from the critical literature appraisal, in-silico, and in vitro validation, suggest the importance of further investigating the reaction kinetics and binding behaviors between these substrates and enzymes in understanding the pathophysiology of IVA.
This study investigates the effects of four multifunctional chain-extending cross-linkers (CECL) on the processability, mechanical performance, and structure of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends produced using film blowing technology. The newly developed reference compound (M·VERA® B5029) and the CECL modified blends are characterized with respect to the initial properties and the corresponding properties after aging at 50 °C for 1 and 2 months. The tensile strength, seal strength, and melt volume rate (MVR) are markedly changed after thermal aging, whereas the storage modulus, elongation at the break, and tear resistance remain constant. The degradation of the polymer chains and crosslinking with increased and decreased MVR, respectively, is examined thoroughly with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), with the results indicating that the CECL-modified blends do not generally endure thermo-oxidation over time. Further, DSC measurements of 25 µm and 100 µm films reveal that film blowing pronouncedly changes the structures of the compounds. These findings are also confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis, with the conclusion that tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite barely affects the glass transition temperature, while with the other changes in CECL are seen. Cross-linking is found for aromatic polycarbodiimide and poly(4,4-dicyclohexylmethanecarbodiimide) CECL after melting of granules and films, although overall the most synergetic effect of the CECL is shown by 1,3-phenylenebisoxazoline.
Pollution with anthropogenic waste, particularly persistent plastic, has now reached every remote corner of the world. The French Atlantic coast, given its extensive coastline, is particularly affected. To gain an overview of current plastic pollution, this study examined a stretch of 250 km along the Silver Coast of France. Sampling was conducted at a total of 14 beach sections, each with five sampling sites in a transect. At each collection site, a square of 0.25 m2 was marked. The top 5 cm of beach sediment was collected and sieved on-site using an analysis sieve (mesh size 1 mm), resulting in a total of approximately 0.8 m3 of sediment, corresponding to a total weight of 1300 kg of examined beach sediment. A total of 1972 plastic particles were extracted and analysed using infrared spectroscopy, corresponding to 1.5 particles kg−1 of beach sediment. Pellets (885 particles), polyethylene as the polymer type (1349 particles), and particles in the size range of microplastics (943 particles) were most frequently found. The significant pollution by pellets suggests that the spread of plastic waste is not primarily attributable to tourism (in February/March 2023). The substantial accumulation of meso- and macro-waste (with 863 and 166 particles) also indicates that research focusing on microplastics should be expanded to include these size categories, as microplastics can develop from them over time.
The Chemotype of Chromanones as a Privileged Scaffold for Multineurotarget Anti-Alzheimer Agents
(2022)
Background: Bile acids, end products of the pathway for cholesterol elimination, are required for dietary lipid and fatsoluble vitamin absorption and maintain the balance between cholesterol synthesis in the liver and cholesterol excretion. They are composed of a steroid structure and are primarily made in the liver by the oxidation of cholesterol. Cholesterol is also highly abundant in the human ovarian follicle, where it is used in the formation of the sex steroids.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe for the first time evidence that all aspects of the bile acid synthesis pathway are present in the human ovarian follicle, including the enzymes in both the classical and alternative pathways, the nuclear receptors known to regulate the pathway, and the end product bile acids. Furthermore, we provide functional evidence that bile acids are produced by the human follicular granulosa cells in response to cholesterol presence in the culture media.
Conclusions/Significance: These findings establish a novel pathway present in the human ovarian follicle that has the capacity to compete directly with sex steroid synthesis.
In this work, the surface reactions of the homemade explosive triacetone triperoxide on tungsten oxide (WO3) sensor surfaces are studied to obtain detailed information about the chemical reactions taking place. Semiconductor gas sensors based on WO3 nanopowders are therefore produced and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. To analyze the reaction mechanisms at the sensor surface, the sensor is monitored online under operation conditions using Raman spectroscopy, which allows to identify the temperature-dependent sensor reactions. By combining information from the Raman spectra with data on the changing resistivity of the underlying semiconductor, it is possible to establish a correlation between the adsorbed gas species and the physical properties of the WO3 layer. In the results, it is indicated that a Lewis acid–base reaction is the most likely mechanism for the increase in resistance observed at temperatures below 150 °C. In the results, at higher temperatures, the assumption of a radical mechanism that causes a decrease in resistance is supported.
Amaç: Keton cisim oluşumu (ketogenez) bozuklukları; mitokondriyel 3-hidroksi-3metil glutaril CoA sentaz (Mhs) ve 3-hidroksi-3-metil glutaril CoA liyaz (HL) enzim eksiklikleri sonucu oluşur. Keton cisim yıkımı (ketoliz) bozuklukları ise suksinil CoA: 3 oksoasit CoA transferaz (SCOT) ve asetoasetil CoA thiolaz-beta ketotiolaz (MAT) enzim eksiklikleri sonucu oluşmaktadır. Keton metabolizma bozukluğu tanısıyla izlenen hastaların klinik ve laboratuvar bulguları ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Keton metabolizması bozukluğu tanısıyla izlenen hasta verileri retrospektif olarak incelendi.
Bulgular: Dört hastada HL eksikliği, 3 hastada MAT eksikliği ve 2 hastada SCOT eksikliği tanısı mevcuttu. Hastaların ortanca yaşı 5 yıl (6 ay-15,5 yıl), ilk metabolik dekompanzasyon atak yaşı ortalama 7,7 ay (22 gün-19 ay) idi. MAT eksikliği olan bir hasta, kardeş taraması ile asemptomatik dönemde tanı aldı. İki hastada spastik tetraparezi gibi ağır nörolojik defisit gelişti. Dekompanzasyon ataklarının beslenememe, kusma ve gastroenterit gibi infeksiyon sonrası geliştiği görüldü.
Sonuç: Açıklanamayan metabolik asidoz atakları durumunda keton metabolizma bozuklukları akılda tutulmalıdır. Akut dekompanzasyon değişik yaşlarda ortaya çıkabilir, klinik şiddeti değişken olabilir. Erken tanı ve uygun tedavi mortalite ve morbidite açısından çok önemlidir.
Background: the potency of drugs that interfere with glucose metabolism, i.e., glucose transporters (GLUT) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) was analyzed in neuroendocrine tumor (NET, BON-1, and QPG-1 cells) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC, GLC-2, and GLC-36 cells) tumor cell lines. (2) Methods: the proliferation and survival rate of tumor cells was significantly affected by the GLUT-inhibitors fasentin and WZB1127, as well as by the NAMPT inhibitors GMX1778 and STF-31. (3) Results: none of the NET cell lines that were treated with NAMPT inhibitors could be rescued with nicotinic acid (usage of the Preiss–Handler salvage pathway), although NAPRT expression could be detected in two NET cell lines. We finally analyzed the specificity of GMX1778 and STF-31 in NET cells in glucose uptake experiments. As previously shown for STF-31 in a panel NET-excluding tumor cell lines, both drugs specifically inhibited glucose uptake at higher (50 μM), but not at lower (5 μM) concentrations. (4) Conclusions: our data suggest that GLUT and especially NAMPT inhibitors are potential candidates for the treatment of NET tumors.
Tamoxifen therapy of invasive breast cancer has been associated with increased levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) so that an endothelin-1 receptor (ETR) blockade has been suggested as a new therapeutic approach. This study analyzed the relationship between Tamoxifen and ET-1 signalling in invasive breast cancer. Using paraffinized tissue from 50 randomly chosen cases of invasive and in-situ ductal carcinoma from our archive, the expression of ETRs was analyzed by immune histology. ETRs were regularly detectable in normal breast tissue, but rarely in adjacent tumor areas (3/50 cases). By immunoprecipitation, a complex was found consisting of ET-1, estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen. Consequently, transcription of several target genes of ET-1 and estrogen receptors was detectable (interleukin-6, wnt-11 and a vimentin spliceform). In particular, the combination of Tamoxifen, ET-1, and estrogen receptors induced further increasing levels of these target genes. Some of these genes have been found upregulated in metastatically spreading breast cancer cells. We conclude: i) ETRs do not play a role in invasive or in-situ ductal breast cancer; ii) estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen build a complex with ET-1; and iii) upregulated transcription of target genes by ET-1–estrogen receptor–Tamoxifen complex may negatively influence breast cancer prognosis. These results indicate a role for ET-1 in Tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients leading to a potentially worsening prognosis.
Due to increased emissions of palladium nanoparticles in recent years, it is important to develop analytical techniques to characterize these particles. The synthesis of defined and stable particles plays a key role in this process, as there are not many materials commercially available yet which could act as reference materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone- (PVP-) stabilized palladium nanoparticles were synthesized through the reduction of palladium chloride by tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of KOH. Four different methods were used for particle size analysis of the palladium nanoparticles. Palladium suspensions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), single-particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Secondary particles between 30 nm and 130 nm were detected in great compliance with SAXS and SP-ICP-MS. SEM analysis showed that the small particulates tend to form agglomerates.
Background: To protect renewable packaging materials against autoxidation and decomposition when substituting harmful synthetic stabilizers with bioactive and bio-based compounds, extracts from Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds were evaluated. The study objectives were to determine the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds in horse chestnut seeds with regard to different seed fractions, improve their extraction, and to evaluate waste reuse. Methods: Different extraction techniques for field samples were evaluated and compared with extracts of industrial waste samples based on total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)). The molecular weight distribution and absorbance in ultraviolet range (UV) of seed coat extracts were determined, and the possibility of extracts containing proanthocyanidins was examined. Results: Seed coat extracts show a remarkable antioxidant activity and a high UV absorbance. Passive extractions are efficient and much less laborious. Applying waste product seed coats leads to a reduced antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and UV absorbance compared to the field sample counterparts. In contrast to peeled seed extracts, all seed coat extracts contain proanthocyanidins. Discussion: Seed coats are a potential source of bioactive compounds, particularly regarding sustainable production and waste reuse. With minimum effort, highly bioactive extracts with high potential as additives can be prepared.
Suprabasal BCL-2 Expression Does Not Sensitize to Chemically-induced Skin Cancer in Transgenic Mice
(2008)
The application of Raman and infrared (IR) microspectroscopy is leading to hyperspectral data containing complementary information concerning the molecular composition of a sample. The classification of hyperspectral data from the individual spectroscopic approaches is already state-of-the-art in several fields of research. However, more complex structured samples and difficult measuring conditions might affect the accuracy of classification results negatively and could make a successful classification of the sample components challenging. This contribution presents a comprehensive comparison in supervised pixel classification of hyperspectral microscopic images, proving that a combined approach of Raman and IR microspectroscopy has a high potential to improve classification rates by a meaningful extension of the feature space. It shows that the complementary information in spatially co-registered hyperspectral images of polymer samples can be accessed using different feature extraction methods and, once fused on the feature-level, is in general more accurately classifiable in a pattern recognition task than the corresponding classification results for data derived from the individual spectroscopic approaches.
The motor protein myosin drives a wide range of cellular and muscular functions by generating directed movement and force, fueled through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Release of the hydrolysis product adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a fundamental and regulatory process during force production. However, details about the molecular mechanism accompanying ADP release are scarce due to the lack of representative structures. Here we solved a novel blebbistatin-bound myosin conformation with critical structural elements in positions between the myosin pre-power stroke and rigor states. ADP in this structure is repositioned towards the surface by the phosphate-sensing P-loop, and stabilized in a partially unbound conformation via a salt-bridge between Arg131 and Glu187. A 5 Å rotation separates the mechanical converter in this conformation from the rigor position. The crystallized myosin structure thus resembles a conformation towards the end of the two-step power stroke, associated with ADP release. Computationally reconstructing ADP release from myosin by means of molecular dynamics simulations further supported the existence of an equivalent conformation along the power stroke that shows the same major characteristics in the myosin motor domain as the resolved blebbistatin-bound myosin-II·ADP crystal structure, and identified a communication hub centered on Arg232 that mediates chemomechanical energy transduction.
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were easily and efficiently functionalised with highly cross-linked polyamines. The radical polymerisation of two bis-vinylimidazolium salts in the presence of pristine MWCNTs and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator led to the formation of materials with a high functionalisation degree. The subsequent treatment with sodium borohydride gave rise to the reduction of imidazolium moieties with the concomitant formation of secondary and tertiary amino groups. The obtained materials were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, solid state 13C-NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), potentiometric titration, and temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD). One of the prepared materials was tested as a heterogeneous base catalyst in C–C bond forming reactions such as the Knoevenagel condensation and Henry reaction. Furthermore, two examples concerning a sequential one-pot approach involving two consecutive reactions, namely Knoevenagel and Michael reactions, were reported.
This review is divided into two interconnected parts, namely a biological and a chemical one. The focus of the first part is on the biological background for constructing tissue-engineered vascular grafts to promote vascular healing. Various cell types, such as embryonic, mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells, progenitor cells and endothelial- and smooth muscle cells will be discussed with respect to their specific markers. The in vitro and in vivo models and their potential to treat vascular diseases are also introduced. The chemical part focuses on strategies using either artificial or natural polymers for scaffold fabrication, including decellularized cardiovascular tissue. An overview will be given on scaffold fabrication including conventional methods and nanotechnologies. Special attention is given to 3D network formation via different chemical and physical cross-linking methods. In particular, electron beam treatment is introduced as a method to combine 3D network formation and surface modification. The review includes recently published scientific data and patents which have been registered within the last decade.
Stem cell lineage differentiation toward adipocytes: Determination by induction media components
(2006)
This research studies in detail four different assays, namely DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric ion reducing antioxidant potential) and FC (Folin-Ciocalteu), to determine the antioxidant capacity of standard substances as well as 50 organosolv lignins, and two kraft lignins. The coefficient of variation was determined for each method and was lowest for ABTS and highest for DPPH. The best correlation was found for FRAP and FC, which both rely on a single electron transfer mechanism. A good correlation between ABTS, FRAP and FC, respectively, could be observed, even though ABTS relies on a more complex reaction mechanism. The DPPH assay merely correlates with the others, implying that it reflects different antioxidative attributes due to a different reaction mechanism. Lignins obtained from paulownia and silphium have been investigated for the first time regarding their antioxidant capacity. Paulownia lignin is in the same range as beech wood lignin, while silphium lignin resembles wheat straw lignin. Miscanthus lignin is an exception from the grass lignins and possesses a significantly higher antioxidant capacity. All lignins possess a good antioxidant capacity and thus are promising candidates for various applications, e. g. as additives in food packaging or for biomedical purposes.
Spektroskopische Qualifizierung und Quantifizierung von Hyaluronsäure in Nahrungsergänzungsmitteln
(2023)
We investigated graphene structures grafted with fullerenes. The size of the graphene sheets ranges from 6400 to 640,000 atoms. The fullerenes (C60 and C240) are placed on top of the graphene sheets, using different impact velocities we could distinguish three types of impact. Furthermore, we investigated the changes of the vibrational properties. The modified graphene planes show additional features in the vibronic density of states.
The development of whole-genome amplification (WGA) techniques has opened up new avenues for genetic analysis and genome research, in particular by facilitating the genome-wide analysis of few or even single copies of genomic DNA, such as from single cells (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) or virions. Using WGA, the few copies of genomic DNA obtained from such entities are unspecifically amplified using PCR or PCR-related processes in order to obtain higher DNA quantities that can then be successfully analysed further.
The Concordia Research Station provides a unique location for preparatory activities for future human journey to Mars, to explore microbial diversity at subzero temperatures, and monitor the dissemination of human-associated microorganisms within the pristine surrounding environment. Amplicon sequencing was leveraged to investigate the microbial diversity of surface snow samples collected monthly over a two-year period, at three distances from the Station (10, 500, and 1000 m). Even when the extracted total DNA was below the detection limit, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was successfully performed on all samples, while 18S rRNA was amplified on 19 samples out of 51. No significant relationships were observed between microbial diversity and seasonality (summer or winter) or distance from the Concordia base. This suggested that if present, the anthropogenic impact should have been below the detectable limit. While harboring low microbial diversity, the surface snow samples were characterized by heterogeneous microbiomes. Ultimately, our study corroborated the use of DNA sequencing-based techniques for revealing microbial presence in remote and hostile environments, with implications for Planetary Protection during space missions and for life-detection in astrobiology relevant targets.
Small Molecules Enhance Scaffold-Based Bone Grafts via Purinergic Receptor Signaling in Stem Cells
(2018)
The need for bone grafts is high, due to age-related diseases, such as tumor resections, but also accidents, risky sports, and military conflicts. The gold standard for bone grafting is the use of autografts from the iliac crest, but the limited amount of accessible material demands new sources of bone replacement. The use of mesenchymal stem cells or their descendant cells, namely osteoblast, the bone-building cells and endothelial cells for angiogenesis, combined with artificial scaffolds, is a new approach. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from the patient themselves, or from donors, as they barely cause an immune response in the recipient. However, MSCs never fully differentiate in vitro which might lead to unwanted effects in vivo. Interestingly, purinergic receptors can positively influence the differentiation of both osteoblasts and endothelial cells, using specific artificial ligands. An overview is given on purinergic receptor signaling in the most-needed cell types involved in bone metabolism-namely osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and endothelial cells. Furthermore, different types of scaffolds and their production methods will be elucidated. Finally, recent patents on scaffold materials, as wells as purinergic receptor-influencing molecules which might impact bone grafting, are discussed.
Dental stem cells have been isolated from the medical waste of various dental tissues. They have been characterized by numerous markers, which are evaluated herein and differentiated into multiple cell types. They can also be used to generate cell lines and iPSCs for long-term in vitro research. Methods for utilizing these stem cells including cellular systems such as organoids or cell sheets, cell-free systems such as exosomes, and scaffold-based approaches with and without drug release concepts are reported in this review and presented with new pictures for clarification. These in vitro applications can be deployed in disease modeling and subsequent pharmaceutical research and also pave the way for tissue regeneration. The main focus herein is on the potential of dental stem cells for hard tissue regeneration, especially bone, by evaluating their potential for osteogenesis and angiogenesis, and the regulation of these two processes by growth factors and environmental stimulators. Current in vitro and in vivo publications show numerous benefits of using dental stem cells for research purposes and hard tissue regeneration. However, only a few clinical trials currently exist. The goal of this review is to pinpoint this imbalance and encourage scientists to pick up this research and proceed one step further to translation.