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Suprabasal BCL-2 Expression Does Not Sensitize to Chemically-induced Skin Cancer in Transgenic Mice
(2008)
A method for the identification of polymeric residues in recycled aluminium by using analytical pyrolysis at 700°C hyphenated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was presented for the first time. The polymeric residues in recycled aluminium were identified as a mixture of polyethylene, polystyrene and phenolic resin. The described method could be useful for the aluminium industry as a part of the quality control of the recycled aluminium production.
Dieses Buch ganz besonders dazu geeignet, Studierenden in den ersten Semestern den Zugang zur Technischen Mechanik zu öffnen und ihnen dabei zu helfen, diese gefürchtete Prüfung des Maschinenbaustudiums erfolgreich zu bestehen. Mit rund 120 Beispielen und Aufgaben mit detaillierten Lösungen sowie Fallstudien zu interessanten mechanischen Fragen.
Advanced thermal gradient mechanical fatigue testing of CMSX-4 with an oxidation protection coating
(2008)
Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (FID) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used for structure elucidation of long-chain primary n-alkyl amines after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). Electron impact ionization- (EI) and positive chemical ionization- (PCI) mass spectra of trifluoroacetylated derivatives of the identified nalkyl amines are presented. The corrosion inhibiting n-alkyl amines were applied in the investigation of a new anticorrosive and antifouling formulation for water-steam circuit of energy systems in the power industry. The presented results are part of an EU-funded international collaboration with partners from research institutes and industry from Poland, Lithuania, Romania, France and Germany (EUREKA project BOILTREAT E!2426).
Die analytische Pyrolyse ist eine universell einsetzbare Messtechnik zur Untersuchung von hoch molekularen organischen Verbindungen. Bei der Pyrolyse der hochmolekularen organischen Ver bindungen entstehen durch thermische Zersetzung bei 500-1400°C in einem Inertgasstrom nieder molekulare Verbindungen. Diese niedermolekularen Pyrolyse-Produkte werden dann den her kömmlichen Analyseverfahren wie GC-FID, GC/MS oder GC/FTIR unterworfen, die Rück schlüsse auf chemische Zusammensetzung und Struktur der Ausgangsstoffe erlauben. Die Festphasen mikroextraktion (SPME) ist eine lösungsmittelfreie Mikroextraktionstechnik. Im Headspace-Modus (HS) wurde SPME in den letzten Jahren für die Bestimmung von Rest mono meren und gesund heits gefährdenden, leichtflüchtigen organischen Verbindungen (VOCs) in Kunststoffen verwendet.
Der zunehmende Einsatz der Polymerwerkstoffe in der Automobilindustrie erfordert empfindliche und zuverlässige Methoden zur Analyse der verwendeten Stoffe. Bei Schadenanalysen an Komponenten in Kraftfahrzeugen stehen oftmals nur wenige Informationen über das Bauteil selbst, wie die chemische Zusammensetzung, die Temperaturbeständigkeit, mögliche Kontaminierungs stoffe oder mechanische Eigenschaften zur Verfügung. Der Schadensbereich ist meistens be grenzt und nicht immer homogen. Zur Klärung des Schadens stehen häufig nur kleine Proben mengen zur Verfügung, die jedoch für die Erkennung der Schadensursache von großer Bedeutung sein können.
Refers To: Peter Kusch, Gerd Knupp, Marcus Hergarten, Marian Kozupa, Maria Majchrzak: Solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography and solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry determination of corrosion inhibiting long-chain primary alkyl amines in chemical treatment of boiler water in water-steam systems of power plants. - Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 1113, Issues 1–2, 28 April 2006, Pages 198-205
Mit dem vorliegenden Band verabschiedet die Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg sich von ihrem langjährigen Gründungsrektor Prof. Dr. Wulf Fischer. Dank seiner nachhaltigen Arbeit hat sich diese Hochschule weit über die Region hinaus einen Namen gemacht. Neben der Lehre kommt der Forschung inzwischen ein großer Stellenwert zu.
Die Forschungsthemen spiegeln die Fachbereiche wider: Wirtschaftswissenschaften, Informatik sowie Elektrotechnik, Maschinenbau und Technikjournalismus am Campus Sankt Augustin; am Campus Rheinbach die Fachbereiche Wirtschaft und Angewandte Naturwissenschaften, am Campus Hennef der Fachbereich Sozialversicherung sowie das zentrale Institut für Existenzgründung und Mittelstandsförderung in Sankt Augustin.
Die Fachhochschule unterstützt ihre Professorinnen und Professoren bei ihren Forschungsprojekten von Beginn an und setzt auf die Gleichrangigkeit von Forschung und Lehre als strategisches Ziel. Erfolge bei der Einwerbung von Drittmitteln und anwendungsbezogene Projekte mit Unternehmen belegen dies.
Einen Überblick über die in jüngster Zeit erbrachten Forschungen und Innovationen bietet diese Publikation. Sie zeigt die Breite der Forschung, aber auch, in welchen Profilbereichen die Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg Forschungsspitzen hervorgebracht hat.
Timely recognition of threats can be significantly supported by security assistance systems that work continuously in time and call the security personnel in case of anomalous events in the surveillance area. We describe the concept and the realization of an indoor security assistance system for real-time decision support. The system consists of a computer vision module and a person classification module. The computer vision module provides a video event analysis of the entrance region in front of the demonstrator. After entering the control corridor, the persons are tracked, classified, and potential threats are localized inside the demonstrator. Data for the person classification are provided by chemical sensors detecting hazardous materials. Due to their limited spatio-temporal resolution, a single chemical sensor cannot localize this material and associate it with a person. We compensate this deficiency by fusing the output of multiple, distributed chemical sensors with kinematical data from laser-range scanners. Considering both the computer vision formation and the results of the person classification affords the localization of threats and a timely reaction of the security personnel.
The ongoing miniaturization, multi-layer structure parts and hybrid parts require methods to determine mechanical properties on a micro-scale. However, there is a gap in measuring techniques. On one hand there are the classical methods to measure hardness e.g. VICKERS, ROCKWELL, UNIVERSAL, IRHD etc having resolutions typically above 100μm. On the other hand there are well-developed AFM methods that allow for the determination of mechanical properties in the nanometer range. This paper describes an indentation technique that yields data of mechanical properties in the micrometer range between typically 5 to 50 μm. The measuring device and the data evaluation is presented. Results of micro-mechanical mapping are shown for NR-SBR rubber interfaces, a fuel tank and a part manufactured by two component injection moulding. Finally, the measured micro-mechanical stiffness is compared to the YOUNG’s modulus of the corresponding materials.
Die Wiederverwertung von Kunststoffen (Kunststoffrecycling) kann in die werkstoffliche (materielle), die rohstoffliche (chemische) und die energetische Verwertung unterteilt werden. Beim werkstofflichen Kunststoffrecycling werden sortenreine Kunststoffreste gewaschen, gemahlen und von der Kunststoff verarbeitenden Industrie als Rohmaterial eingesetzt. Der chemische Aufbau des erhaltenen Werkstoffs (Re-Granulats) bleibt erhalten. Bei der rohstofflichen Verwertung werden Kunststoffreste zu Monomeren zurückgeführt. Die erhaltenen Monomere werden dann bei der Herstellung neuer Kunststoffe verwendet. Bei der energetischen Verwertung werden die Kunststoffreste der Zement- oder Stahlindustrie als Energieträger zugeführt.
Asymmetric threats require powerful surveillance technology which helps to preserve the security. Security checks which focus on Improvised Explosive Devices (IED’s) or the identification of persons carrying hazardous substances are the major task of our research within the HAMLeT+ (Hazardous Material Localization and Person Tracking) project. Further on, there is a pressing need for assisting the security personnel, either civil or military, by extending the detection capabilities and to deliver efficient and reliable, real time decision support for their task to percept threats. Military camp protection with heterogeneous net-worked sensors and comprehensive sensor data fusion could be such an element. The technology developments concentrate on the integration of different sensor types (video, tracking sensors, CBRNE sensors) in order to get a better and comprehensive understanding in a defined entry area. Data fusion is used to combine kinematic data of persons (where, when) with additional attribute information of them (what) in order to identify that single person carrying the attributes and to classify the threat. The project was initiated as a Supporting Activity funded by the EU within the PASR 2006 scheme. With regards to the specific task for military camp protection it was extended and redesigned. In HAMLeT+ several chemical sensors for hydrocarbons like fuels, alcohols or solvents were used. Such chemicals are available in bigger amounts on the free market. Using them e.g. as fire accelerants they can cause a huge damage. Therefore their detection or the detection of persons carrying such substances or having contaminations on their clothes is of great interest. Sensitive devices for the detection of these analytes are e.g. metal oxide sensors [1]. Our presentation illustrates experimental data, which were gathered with the experimental system HAMLeT+ during the NATO “Defense Against Terrorism (DAT)” campaign „COMMON SHIELDS” in August and September 2008.
We introduce our Lessons Learned from the NATO CNAD PoW “Defense Against Terrorism (DAT)” campaign „COMMON SHIELD” from August and September 2008, present our data and illustrate our experience, which were gathered with the experimental system HAMLeT+ (Hazardous Material Localization and Person Tracking Plus) for military camp protection. The focus of „COMMON SHIELD” was the network-centric operation and demon-stration of innovative technologies for Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance and Target Acquisition of Terrorists (ISRTA). With regard to the specific task for military camp protection, the original demonstrator HAMLeT [1], which was initiated as a Supporting Activity funded by the EU within the PASR 2006 scheme, was extended and redesigned as HAMLeT+. In HAMLeT+ several chemical sensors for hydrocarbons like fuels, alcohols or solvents were used. The identification of persons carrying hazardous substances and the classification of those substances are the major task of our research. Further on, there is a pressing need for assistance systems for the guards, to extend the spectra of detection capabilities and to receive efficient and reliable, real time decision support for the task to percept threats, which so far could not even be realized at an entry control facility. Security assistance by means of heterogeneous net-worked sensors and comprehensive sensor data fusion could be such an element for better protection. New technological developments concentrate on the integration of different sensor types (video, tracking sensors, CRE sensors) in order to get a better and comprehensive understanding of potential threats in a defined area. Multiple sensors data fusion can be used to combine complementary types of data e.g. kinematic data of objects (where, when) with additional attribute information (what) in order to identify those objects carrying the attributes of interest and give a classification of the potential threat.
Embryonic stem cells (ES) have the potential of long-term viability, selfrenewal and pluripotency which makes them interesting candidates for tissue engineering and gene therapy applications. On the other hand ethical and political issues arise while using theses cells and severe problems such as their tumorgenicity have not been solved yet. In the last couple of month a new source of cells with stem cell character was developed, the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). These cells are derived from differentiated adult cells via transduction of three transcription factors and show features similar to embryonic stem cells. Unfortunately, this includes the tumorgenicity which is even higher in those cells since the transcription factor transduction needed until now, is performed with retrovial vectors, which have a tumor potential on their own. Thus, adult stem cells are investigated extensively as alternative source of self-renewing cells. Human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs), which have in addition the advantage of potential autologous transplantation, can be found in various differentiated tissues since they are needed for maintenance and repair. They can be differentiated in chondrogenic, osteogenic, adipogenic and myogenic lineages which makes them an excellent tool for future tissue replacement strategies.
Background: Bile acids, end products of the pathway for cholesterol elimination, are required for dietary lipid and fatsoluble vitamin absorption and maintain the balance between cholesterol synthesis in the liver and cholesterol excretion. They are composed of a steroid structure and are primarily made in the liver by the oxidation of cholesterol. Cholesterol is also highly abundant in the human ovarian follicle, where it is used in the formation of the sex steroids.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe for the first time evidence that all aspects of the bile acid synthesis pathway are present in the human ovarian follicle, including the enzymes in both the classical and alternative pathways, the nuclear receptors known to regulate the pathway, and the end product bile acids. Furthermore, we provide functional evidence that bile acids are produced by the human follicular granulosa cells in response to cholesterol presence in the culture media.
Conclusions/Significance: These findings establish a novel pathway present in the human ovarian follicle that has the capacity to compete directly with sex steroid synthesis.
A method for the identification of polymeric residues in recycled aluminium by using analytical pyrolysis at 700°C hyphenated to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) was presented for the first time. The polymeric residues in recycled aluminium were identified as a mixture of polyethylene, polystyrene, and phenolic resin. The described method could be useful for the aluminium industry as a part of the quality control of the recycled aluminium production.
Background: Migration of mature and immature leukocytes in response to chemokines is not only essential during inflammation and host defense, but also during development of the hematopoietic system. Many molecules implicated in migratory polarity show uniform cellular distribution under non-activated conditions, but acquire a polarized localization upon exposure to migratory cues.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we present evidence that raft-associated endocytic proteins (flotillins) are preassembled in lymphoid, myeloid and primitive hematopoietic cells and accumulate in the uropod during migration. Furthermore, flotillins display a polarized distribution during immunological synapse formation. Employing the membrane lipid-order sensitive probe Laurdan, we show that flotillin accumulation in the immunological synapse is concomittant with membrane ordering in these regions.
Conclusions: Together with the observation that flotillin polarization does not occur in other polarized cell types such as polarized epithelial cells, our results suggest a specific role for flotillins in hematopoietic cell polarization. Based on our results, we propose that in hematopoietic cells, flotillins provide intrinsic cues that govern segregation of certain microdomain-associated molecules during immune cell polarization.
A soluble form of the complement receptor CD21 (sCD21) is shed from the lymphocyte surface. The sCD21 is able to bind all known ligands such as CD23, sCD23, Epstein-Barr virus and C3d in immune complexes. Here, we show the serum levels of sCD21 in sera the of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) patients. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies cause heart attack, stroke and miscarriage. Antiphospholipid syndrome may appear as primary or in association with systemic lupus erythromatosus (SLE) and other autoimmune diseases. Here, we ask whether APS patients have different sCD21 titers compared to healthy persons and whether sCD21 levels correlate with the presence of anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. We show that autoimmune APS patients have significantly reduced amounts of sCD21 in their sera, irrespective of the presence of anti-β2-GPI autoantibodies. In our APS patients cohort additional SLE, vasculities, DVT (deep vein thrombosis), fetal loss or thrombosis did not correlate to the reduced level of sCD21.
Die Berechnung der individuellen Insulin Sensitivität ist abhängig von der verwendeten Messmethodik
(2010)
Streptococcus agalactiae is the leading cause of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in neonates and is also the causative agent of several serious infections in immunocompromised adults. S. agalactiae encounters multiple niches during an infection, suggesting that regulatory mechanisms control the expression of specific virulence factors in this bacterium. The present study describes the functional characterization of a gene from S. agalactiae, designated rga, which encodes a protein with significant similarity to members of the RofA-like protein (RALP) family of transcriptional regulators. After deletion of the rga gene in the genome of S. agalactiae, the mutant strain exhibited significantly reduced expression of the genes srr-1 and pilA, which encode a serine-rich repeat surface glycoprotein and a pilus protein, respectively, and moderately increased expression of the fbsA gene, which encodes a fibrinogen-binding protein. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated specific DNA binding of purified Rga to the promoter regions of pilA and fbsA, suggesting that Rga directly controls pilA and fbsA. Adherence assays revealed significantly reduced binding of the Δrga mutant to epithelial HEp-2 cells and to immobilized human keratin 4, respectively. In contrast, the adherence of the Δrga mutant to A549 cells and its binding to human fibrinogen was significantly increased. Immunoblot and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the quantity of pilus structures was significantly reduced in the Δrga mutant compared with the parental strain. The wild-type phenotype could be restored by plasmid-mediated expression of rga, demonstrating that the mutant phenotypes resulted from a loss of Rga function.
Balanites aegyptiaca (Balanitaceae) is a widely grown desert plant with multiuse potential. In the present paper, a crude extract from B. aegyptiaca seeds equivalent to a ratio of 1 : 2000 seeds to the extract was screened for antiplasmodial activity. The determined IC(50) value for the chloroquine-susceptible Plasmodium falciparum NF54 strain was 68.26 μg/μL ± 3.5. Analysis of the extract by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected 6-phenyl-2(H)-1,2,4-triazin-5-one oxime, an inhibitor of the parasitic M18 Aspartyl Aminopeptidase as one of the compounds which is responsible for the in vitro antiplasmodial activity. The crude plant extract had a K(i) of 2.35 μg/μL and showed a dose-dependent response. After depletion of the compound, a significantly lower inhibition was determined with a K(i) of 4.8 μg/μL. Moreover, two phenolic compounds, that is, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol and 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol, with determined IC(50) values of 50.29 μM ± 3 and 47.82 μM ± 2.5, respectively, were detected. These compounds may contribute to the in vitro antimalarial activity due to their antioxidative properties. In an in vivo experiment, treatment of BALB/c mice with the aqueous Balanite extract did not lead to eradication of the parasites, although a reduced parasitemia at day 12 p.i. was observed.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
(2011)
DNA Sequencing
(2011)
Isolation of DNA and RNA
(2011)
JNK1, but Not JNK2, Is Required in Two Mechanistically Distinct Models of Inflammatory Arthritis
(2011)
People with type 2 Diabetes have an elevated risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) for which dyslipidemia is the major contributor. Diabetic patients have characteristic pattern of dyslipidemia with decreased level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and elevated triglycerides (TG) level. However, in diabetes mellitus, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) which is used as one of the markers for the risk of CVD, is underestimated so in such cases the levels of non-High density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) can be a stronger predictor of CVD as it strongly correlates with atherogenic lipoproteins. Therefore, an attempt has been made to evaluate the level of non-HDL-C as a newer marker for the risk of cardiovascular disease and to fi nd out the pattern of dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus. The present study comprised of 82 type 2 Diabetic cases and 81 non-diabetic controls. Among the diabetics, the majority of the subjects (61.0%) were HDL-C dyslipidemic. However, among the controls, the maximum numbers of individuals (40.7%) were TG dyslipidemic. Diabetics have signifi cantly elevated ratio of total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) and the signifi cant increased levels of non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) compared to controls which can be used as markers of dyslipidemia and can also be used to predict the risk of cardiovascular disease in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Development and Validation of a Rapid and Reliable Method for TPMT Genotyping using real-time PCR
(2012)
The criteria for assessing the quality of rubber materials are the polymer or copolymer composition and the additives. These additives include plasticizers, extender oils, carbon black, inorganic fillers, antioxidants, heat and light stabilizers, processing aids, cross-linking agents, accelerators, retarders, adhesives, pigments, smoke and flame retardants, and others. Determination of additives in polymers or copolymers generally requires the extraction of these substances from the matrix as a first step, which can be challenging, and the subsequent analysis of the extracted additives by gas chromatography (GC), GC–mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC–MS, capillary electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, and other analytical techniques. In the present work, nitrile rubber materials were studied using direct analytical flash pyrolysis hyphenated to GC and electrospray ionization MS in both scan and selected ion monitoring modes to demonstrate that this technique is a good tool to identify the organic additives in nitrile rubber.
Gas chromatography with simultaneous flame-ionization detection (FID) and a nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) as well as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been used to characterize some long-chain primary alkyl amines and alkyl diamines after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA).
Sicherheit im Fährverkehr
(2012)
In this work, preceramic papers containing 85 wt% Al2O3 were heat-treated at 1600 °C to obtain paper-derived ceramics. In order to increase the preceramic paper density prior to sintering, the papers were calendered at different roll temperatures and pressures. The influences of the calendering parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the preceramic papers and the paper-derived ceramics were investigated. It was expected that especially the mechanical properties of the papers and derived ceramics would be improved by calendering.
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are considered a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, because they have the potential to differentiate into a variety of lineages among which the mesoderm-derived lineages such adipo- or osteogenesis are investigated best. Human MSCs can be harvested in reasonable to large amounts from several parts of the patient’s body and due to this possible autologous origin, allorecognition can be avoided. In addition, even in allogenic origin-derived donor cells, hMSCs generate a local immunosuppressive microenvironment, causing only a weak immune reaction. There is an increasing need for bone replacement in patients from all ages, due to a variety of reasons such as a new recreational behavior in young adults or age-related diseases. Adipogenic differentiation is another interesting lineage, because fat tissue is considered to be a major factor triggering atherosclerosis that ultimately leads to cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in industrialized countries. However, understanding the differentiation process in detail is obligatory to achieve a tight control of the process for future clinical applications to avoid undesired side effects. In this review, the current findings for adipo- and osteo-differentiation are summarized together with a brief statement on first clinical trials.
The biological effects of bilirubin, still poorly understood, are concentration-dependent ranging from cell protection to toxicity. Here we present data that at high nontoxic physiological concentrations, bilirubin inhibits growth of proliferating human coronary artery smooth muscle cells by three events. It impairs the activation of Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway and the cellular Raf and cyclin D1 content that results in retinoblastoma protein hypophosphorylation on amino acids S608 and S780. These events impede the release of YY1 to the nuclei and its availability to regulate the expression of genes and to support cellular proliferation. Moreover, altered calcium influx and calpain II protease activation leads to proteolytical degradation of transcription factor YY1. We conclude that in the serum-stimulated human vascular smooth muscle primary cell cultures, bilirubin favors growth arrest, and we propose that this activity is regulated by its interaction with the Raf/ERK/MAPK pathway, effect on cyclin D1 and Raf content, altered retinoblastoma protein profile of hypophosphorylation, calcium influx, and YY1 proteolysis. We propose that these activities together culminate in diminished 5 S and 45 S ribosomal RNA synthesis and cell growth arrest. The observations provide important mechanistic insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition of human vascular smooth muscle cells from proliferative to contractile phenotype and the role of bilirubin in this transition.
One of the most common problems in Regenerative Medicine is the regeneration of damaged bone with the aim of repairing or replacing lost or damaged bone tissue by stimulating the natural regenerative process. Particularly in the fields of orthopedic, plastic, reconstructive, maxillofacial and craniofacial surgery there is need for successful methods to restore bone. From a regenerative point of view two different bone replacement problems can be distinguished: large bone defects and small bone defects. Currently, no perfect system exists for the treatment of large bone defects.