Refine
H-BRS Bibliography
- yes (766) (remove)
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (766) (remove)
Document Type
- Article (531)
- Conference Object (76)
- Part of a Book (65)
- Doctoral Thesis (26)
- Book (monograph, edited volume) (21)
- Report (20)
- Preprint (9)
- Contribution to a Periodical (6)
- Research Data (4)
- Conference Proceedings (2)
Year of publication
Keywords
- GC/MS (13)
- Lignin (13)
- Lehrbuch (8)
- cytokine-induced killer cells (8)
- lignin (8)
- immunotherapy (7)
- stem cells (7)
- Chemie (6)
- Chemometrics (6)
- drug release (6)
- Biomass (5)
- Chromatography (5)
- Explosives (5)
- Gene expression (5)
- Organic aciduria (5)
- Polymers (5)
- biomaterial (5)
- osteogenesis (5)
- scaffolds (5)
- Analytical pyrolysis (4)
- CD21 (4)
- Corrosion inhibitors (4)
- ENaC (4)
- Inborn error of metabolism (4)
- Ketolysis (4)
- Mass spectrometry (4)
- Mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- Miscanthus (4)
- Regenerative medicine (4)
- Scaffolds (4)
- Tissue engineering (4)
- active packaging (4)
- additive (4)
- angiogenesis (4)
- antioxidant (4)
- apoptosis (4)
- mesenchymal stem cells (4)
- organic aciduria (4)
- organosolv (4)
- pioglitazone (4)
- thiazolidinediones (4)
- tissue engineering (4)
- Analytische Chemie (3)
- Antimicrobial activity (3)
- Antioxidant activity (3)
- Arthritis (3)
- Composites (3)
- Crystallinity (3)
- DNA damage (3)
- DNA typing (3)
- Dielectric analysis (3)
- Failure analysis (3)
- Glycine conjugation (3)
- Isovaleric acidemia (3)
- K/BxN (3)
- Ketogenesis (3)
- Ketone body (3)
- Kriminalistik (3)
- Malaria (3)
- Metabolic acidosis (3)
- Miscanthus x giganteus (3)
- Molecular dynamics (3)
- NMR (3)
- Plasmodium (3)
- Primary long-chain alkyl amines (3)
- Pyrolysis (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- SERS (3)
- Stem cells (3)
- TD-GC/MS (3)
- alumina (3)
- autophagy (3)
- biomass (3)
- bone (3)
- bone tissue engineering (3)
- chemometrics (3)
- classification (3)
- cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (3)
- differentiation (3)
- extraction (3)
- extremophiles (3)
- extrusion blow molding (3)
- hydrogel (3)
- insulin resistance (3)
- metabolic acidosis (3)
- poly(lactic acid) (3)
- preceramic paper (3)
- scaffold (3)
- shedding (3)
- sustainability (3)
- type 2 diabetes (3)
- ultrapure water (3)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase (2)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria (2)
- ACAT1 (2)
- AOP (2)
- Additiv (2)
- Additives (2)
- Adipose tissue (2)
- Aluminiumoxid (2)
- Aminoacylase (2)
- Analytical Chemistry (2)
- Analytics (2)
- Analytik (2)
- Anoplophora glabripennis (2)
- Antioxidans (2)
- Antioxidant capacity (2)
- Automotive industry (2)
- B cell activation (2)
- Biomaterials (2)
- Biomineralization (2)
- Bone (2)
- CIK cells (2)
- Canavan disease (2)
- Cathepsin K (2)
- Classification (2)
- Complement receptor (2)
- Complement receptor 2/CD21 (2)
- Complex modulus (2)
- Cysteine proteases (2)
- DMA (2)
- DNA (2)
- DSC (2)
- Dental follicle (2)
- Deoxyhypusine hydroxylase (2)
- Diabetes (2)
- Differentiation (2)
- Discriminant analysis (2)
- Engineering (2)
- Enzyme activity (2)
- Extrusion blow molding (2)
- Fatty acid metabolism (2)
- Folin-Ciocalteu assay (2)
- GC-FID/NPD (2)
- GLYCTK (2)
- Glycine N-acyltransferase (2)
- Graphene (2)
- HIBADH (2)
- HIBADH deficiency (2)
- HMGCL (2)
- HPLC (2)
- HSQC NMR (2)
- Humans (2)
- Hyperspectral image (2)
- IR microspectroscopy (2)
- Ion viscosity (2)
- Ketoacidosis (2)
- Ketone body utilization (2)
- Kinetics (2)
- Lignocellulose feedstock (2)
- Mars (2)
- Massenspektrometrie (2)
- Membrane Transport (2)
- Metabolic decompensation (2)
- Microorganisms (2)
- Mxi-2 (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Nano-Systems (2)
- Organic acids (2)
- Organosolv lignin (2)
- Osteogenesis (2)
- Oxidative stress (2)
- Polymorphism (2)
- Principal Components Analysis (2)
- Prognosis (2)
- Pten (2)
- Py-EGA-MS (2)
- R-ratio (2)
- Raman microscopy (2)
- Raman-microspectroscopy (2)
- Renewable resource (2)
- Resins (2)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (2)
- SLC (2)
- Shedding (2)
- Short tandem repeat (STR) (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Styrene (2)
- Sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) (2)
- TNT (2)
- TOC (2)
- Thyme (2)
- Thymian (2)
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus (2)
- UV (2)
- VOC (2)
- Western Africa (2)
- Whole genome amplification (2)
- adhesion (2)
- aluminum bonding wire (2)
- antimicrobial activity (2)
- antioxidant activity (2)
- azadipeptide nitrile (2)
- bacteria (2)
- bio-based polymers (2)
- biobased (2)
- bioeconomy (2)
- blown film extrusion (2)
- bone regeneration (2)
- breast cancer (2)
- bulk detection (2)
- cardiovascular disease (2)
- cardiovascular risk (2)
- cell death (2)
- cell migration (2)
- coniferous woods (2)
- creep (2)
- cyanohydrazide warhead (2)
- cysteine proteases (2)
- d-Glycerate kinase deficiency (2)
- d-Glyceric aciduria (2)
- dielectric analysis (2)
- diffusion (2)
- discriminant analysis (2)
- essential oil (2)
- evolution (2)
- extraterrestrial analogue (2)
- extremophile (2)
- food loss (2)
- food waste (2)
- food-related bacteria (2)
- force generation (2)
- fruit quality (2)
- fungi (2)
- gas sensor (2)
- gas sensors (2)
- glimepiride (2)
- human cathepsins (2)
- identification (2)
- image fusion (2)
- improvised explosive devices (2)
- inborn error of metabolism (2)
- isoleucine (2)
- ketogenesis (2)
- ketolysis (2)
- ketone body (2)
- kraft lignin (2)
- leucine (2)
- library free detection (2)
- life detection (2)
- lifetime prediction (2)
- lignocellulose feedstock (2)
- low-input crops (2)
- mechanical properties (2)
- melanin (2)
- metabolic decompensation (2)
- migration (2)
- modeling (2)
- monolignol ratio (2)
- morphology (2)
- multivariate data processing (2)
- myosin (2)
- natural additives (2)
- nitrile inhibitors (2)
- osteoblast (2)
- osteoclast (2)
- ozonation (2)
- ozone (2)
- pansharpening (2)
- paper-derived ceramic (2)
- permeability (2)
- photolysis (2)
- photonic sensing (2)
- physical sensors (2)
- plant extracts (2)
- poly(butylene adipate terephthalate) (2)
- polymers (2)
- polyphenols (2)
- power electronics (2)
- pressure sensitive adhesives (2)
- protease inhibitor (2)
- reaction kinetics (2)
- rheology (2)
- shelf life (2)
- small-scale fatigue testing (2)
- stem cell (2)
- stress response (2)
- structure (2)
- sulfonylurea (2)
- sustainable packaging (2)
- thermo-mechanical properties (2)
- total phenol content (2)
- transdermal therapeutic systems (2)
- type 2 diabetes mellitus (2)
- (poly)saccharides (1)
- 1-MCP (1)
- 16S rRNA gene sequencing (1)
- 1H (1)
- 2B4 (1)
- 3-hydroxy-n-butyric acid (1)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyrate dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- 3-hydroxyisobutyric acid dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- 31P NMR (1)
- 3D activity landscapes (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 5-Oxoprolinase (1)
- 5-oxoprolinuria (1)
- ABTS (1)
- ACacylcarnitines (1)
- ADP release (1)
- AMAtypical myopathy (1)
- AMT (1)
- APC superfamily (1)
- ASIC (1)
- ASPA (1)
- ASR (1)
- ATB0,+ (1)
- ATF4 (1)
- ATF6 (1)
- ATPase cycle (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Abies nordmanniana (1)
- Abies procera (1)
- Abiotic stress (1)
- Acceleration (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (1)
- Acorns (1)
- Active site mapping (1)
- Activity-based probes (1)
- Acylpeptide hydrolase (1)
- Additive (1)
- Adipogenesis (1)
- Adipogenic effect (1)
- Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (1)
- AdoMETDC (1)
- Adsorption (1)
- Adult Stem Cells/physiology (1)
- Affinity proteomics (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Age estimation (1)
- Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (1)
- Aglaonema hookerianum (1)
- Ago2 (1)
- Aloe vera (1)
- Alzheimer’s disease (1)
- Aminoacylase 1 (1)
- Amplifiers (1)
- Amylose stationary phases (1)
- Analytics Internship (1)
- Analytik Praktikum (1)
- Angiogenesis (1)
- Ankle Joint (1)
- Ankle thickness (1)
- Antarctic Polar Plateau (1)
- Antarctic ice sheet (1)
- Anti-inflammatory effects (1)
- Antibodies* (1)
- Antibody Induced Arthritis (1)
- Antidepressant (1)
- Antioxidant assays (1)
- Antioxidanz (1)
- Antioxidative Capacity (1)
- Antioxidatives Potential (1)
- Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) (1)
- Anxiolytic (1)
- Apheresis therapy (1)
- Aphrodisiac effects (1)
- Apple replant disease (1)
- Area under the curve (1)
- Articular Cartilage (1)
- Aspartic acid racemization (1)
- Aspartoacylase (1)
- Assay development (1)
- Assay reproducibility (1)
- Asymmetric cell division (1)
- Atherosclerosis (1)
- Atlantic coast (1)
- AuNPs (1)
- Aufgabensammlung (1)
- Autism (1)
- Autoantibody (1)
- Automated Coating (1)
- Automated PyMS (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automobilindustrie (1)
- Automotive Industry (1)
- Autophagy induction (1)
- B Defects (1)
- B Interfaces (1)
- B cells (1)
- B lymphocyte (1)
- BLAST (1)
- Bacillus (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bacteria, Anaerobic (1)
- Bactericidal effect (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Basiswerkstoff (1)
- BcL-2 family (1)
- Bcl-2 (1)
- Beech wood (1)
- Benzoyl-coenzym A (1)
- Beta-ketothiolase (1)
- Beta-ketothiolase deficiency (1)
- Biaxiality (1)
- BioMark HD microfluidic system (1)
- Bioactive (1)
- Bioactive factors (1)
- Bioactivity (1)
- Bioaktiv (1)
- Bioaktive Verbindung (1)
- Bioaktivität (1)
- Bioassay (1)
- Biobased polymeric material (1)
- Biochemicals (1)
- Biochemische Analyse (1)
- Bioenergy (1)
- Biokompatibilität (1)
- Biological databases (1)
- Biological therapy (1)
- Bioluminescence (1)
- Biomarkers stability (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Biomaterial (1)
- Biomaterialien (1)
- Biophysics (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biorefinery (1)
- Biosignatures (1)
- Blood glucose meter (1)
- Bond strength (1)
- Bone marrow-derived stem cells (1)
- Breast cancer (1)
- Bulk detection (1)
- Bulk fill (1)
- C-19 steroid (1)
- CD146 (1)
- CD30+ cells (1)
- CD40 (1)
- CD40, CTLA-4 (1)
- CDH1 (1)
- CDKN1B (1)
- CFTR inhibitors (1)
- CFTR mutations (1)
- CIK-Zellen (1)
- CR2 (1)
- CTNNB1 (1)
- CYP2C19 (1)
- CYP2C8 variants (1)
- CYP2C9 (1)
- CYP2D6 (1)
- Caffeine-containing drinks (1)
- Calcium (1)
- Calcium Intracellular Release (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Camphorquinone (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cannabinoids (1)
- Canola (1)
- Carbapenem (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carboxen-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (1)
- Carboxy-terminal fragments (1)
- Cardiovascular Disease (1)
- Cartilage Destruction (1)
- Catalyst Ink (1)
- Catalyst Layer (1)
- Catechins (1)
- Cathepsin B (1)
- Cathepsin S (1)
- Cathepsins (1)
- Cavities (1)
- Cell Cycle (1)
- Cell Differentiation (1)
- Cell Differentiation/physiology (1)
- Cell Signaling (1)
- Cell activation (1)
- Cell lineage (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cellulose stationary phases (1)
- Central sensitisation (1)
- Cervical cancer screening (1)
- Cervicovaginal microbiome (1)
- Chaetocin (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chemical calculations (1)
- Chemical imaging (1)
- Chemical resource (1)
- Chemical structure (1)
- Chemicals (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chiral stationary phases (1)
- Chiral-nematischer Flüssigkristall (1)
- Chlorophyll fluorescence (1)
- Christmas trees (1)
- Chromatogramm (1)
- Chromatographie (1)
- Chromatographische Analyse, Elektrophorese (1)
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (1)
- Cislunar (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Collagen (1)
- Collision induced dissociation (1)
- Color/Spot-Test (1)
- Colposcopy (1)
- Complement (1)
- Complement receptor 2 (1)
- Complement receptor 2 /CD21 (1)
- Composite resin (1)
- Compressive strength (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Corrosion protction (1)
- Coumarins (1)
- Crack formation (1)
- Cucumber peel waste (1)
- Curie-point pyrolysis (1)
- Curing behavior (1)
- Curing depth (1)
- Curing kinetics (1)
- Cytokine (1)
- Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells (1)
- D Multilayer (1)
- D Nickel alloy (1)
- D Zirconium oxide (1)
- DBSdried blot spots (1)
- DIDMOAD (1)
- DMFC (1)
- DNA Transcription (1)
- DNA double- strand breaks (1)
- DNA extraction protocols (1)
- DNA interaction (1)
- DNA methylation (1)
- DNA profile (1)
- DNA profiling (1)
- DOSY (1)
- DPPH (1)
- Daptomycin (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Defense and security (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Degradation products (1)
- Degraded DNA (1)
- Degree of conversion (1)
- Dehydrogenase (1)
- Dental (1)
- Dental composites (1)
- Dental material (1)
- Dental resin (1)
- Depth Of Cure (1)
- Derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (1)
- Desinfektion (1)
- Detektion von Explosivstoffen (1)
- Development (1)
- Diabetes mellitus (1)
- Diaminphenylderivat (1)
- Didaktik (1)
- Dielectric analysis (DEA) (1)
- Differenzierung (1)
- Dimethacrylate (1)
- Diodes (1)
- Diselenide bridge (1)
- Docking (1)
- Draw ratio (1)
- Drug target (1)
- Duroplast (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (1)
- Dystonia (1)
- E-cadherin (1)
- E. coli (1)
- E/I balance (1)
- EIF-5A (1)
- EPS (1)
- ER stress (1)
- ERO1α (1)
- ESKAPEE pathogens (1)
- Echtzeitüberwachung (1)
- Ectodomain shedding (1)
- Effect of post-irradiation curing (1)
- Einführung (1)
- Electrochemical cells (1)
- Electron beam physical vapor deposition (1)
- Elephantiasis (1)
- Elution (1)
- Enantioselective gas chromatography (1)
- Endoplasmatic reticulum (1)
- Endosomes (1)
- Endothelial cells (1)
- Endothelin-1 (1)
- Engineering plastics (1)
- Enzyme activity assays (1)
- Epilepsy (1)
- Epitope mapping: Epitope extraction (1)
- Ernte (1)
- European horse chestnut (1)
- Eutectic Ti-Fe alloys (1)
- Evaluation of curing (1)
- ExoMars (1)
- Expanded polystyrene (EPS) (1)
- Explosivstoff (1)
- Extrusionsblasformen (1)
- FMR1 (1)
- FOXP3 (1)
- FRAP (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fabry disease (1)
- Fachrechnen (1)
- Familial glioma (1)
- Fatigue crack growth (1)
- Fe-ion radiation (1)
- Fertigation (1)
- Festigkeitslehre (1)
- Festschrift (1)
- Fiber reinforcement (1)
- Fiber-optic probe (1)
- Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) (1)
- Filler content (1)
- Fingerprint powder (1)
- Flow direction (1)
- Fluorescence-quenched substrates (1)
- Flüssigkristalline Polymere (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Folin-Ciocalteu (1)
- Folin–Ciocalteu assay (1)
- Food intolerance (1)
- Food packaging (1)
- Food security (1)
- Forensic genetics (1)
- Forensic genomics (1)
- Forschung (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fragile X Syndrome (1)
- Frequenzauswertung (1)
- Fructose (1)
- Furnace pyrolyzer (1)
- Fährverkehr (1)
- GC (1)
- GC-FID (1)
- GC–MS (1)
- GC–MSgas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- GFRP (1)
- GMX1778 (1)
- Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) (1)
- Gas Chromatography (1)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (1)
- Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (1)
- Gas sensors (1)
- Gas turbines (1)
- Gasanalyse (1)
- Gaschromatographie (1)
- Gassensor (1)
- Gasturbinenschaufel (1)
- Gelatin Zymography (1)
- Gene Expression Regulation (1)
- Genes (1)
- Genotoxicity (1)
- Genotyp (1)
- Geopolymer (1)
- Geruchssinn (1)
- Ghanaian children (1)
- Glutamin N-phenylacetyltransferase (1)
- Glutathione (1)
- Glutathione synthetase (1)
- Glycerate (1)
- Glyceric aciduria (1)
- Glycin N-acyltransferase (1)
- Glycine N-Acyltransferase (GLYAT) (1)
- Glycogen storage disease type (1)
- Glycopeptides (1)
- Glyzinkonjugation (1)
- Graft material (1)
- Green fluorescent protein (1)
- Growth (1)
- HPLC Optimierung (1)
- HPTLC (1)
- HPV diagnostic (1)
- HS SPME (1)
- HS SPME–GC/MS (1)
- HSD10 (1)
- HSP90 (1)
- Hands-On Learning/Manipulatives (1)
- Hard tissue (1)
- Hardness mapping (1)
- Harnstoffzyklusdefekt (1)
- Hazardous material detection (1)
- Headspace SPME (1)
- Health care policy (1)
- Heparanase (1)
- Heparin (1)
- Heterogenes Sensorsystem (1)
- Hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD) (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography – mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) (1)
- High speed tensile testing (1)
- High strain rate (1)
- High temperature deformation (1)
- High temperature laser powder bed fusion (1)
- Hochschule (1)
- Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (1)
- Home made explosives (1)
- Homemade explosives (1)
- Homeobox (1)
- Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination Irreversible inhibition (1)
- Hydraulic cylinders (1)
- Hyperalgesia (1)
- Hyperammonemia (1)
- Hypoglycemia (1)
- Hypusine (1)
- ICP OES (1)
- IED (1)
- IR-microspectroscopy (1)
- IRE1 (1)
- Identification (1)
- Illegal Wildlife Trade (1)
- Immune escape (1)
- Immunoadsorption (1)
- Immunology* (1)
- Impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Improvised explosive devices (1)
- In silico epitope prediction (1)
- In silico modelling (1)
- Inborn errors of metabolism (1)
- Indentation techniques (1)
- Individualisierte Medizin (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Infrared (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Infrarotmikroskopie (1)
- Inherited metabolic disorders (1)
- Inhibitor (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Instrumental analysis (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Insulin glulisine (1)
- Intact proinsulin (1)
- Interface (1)
- Introduction (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ionenbeweglichkeitsspektroskopie (1)
- Ionic liquids (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Irradiance Distribution (1)
- Irradiance distribution (1)
- Isoleucine (1)
- Isoleucine degradation (1)
- Isomers (1)
- Isotherms (1)
- Isovalerianazidämie (1)
- Joint Destruction (1)
- Juvenile arthritis (JA) (1)
- K/BxN mouse model (1)
- K/B×N model (1)
- Kardioprotektion (1)
- Karl Fischer titration (1)
- Ketoasidoz (1)
- Ketogenic diet (1)
- Ketone body synthesis (1)
- Knochenersatz (1)
- Knochenzement (1)
- Knoop micro-hardness (1)
- Koagulation (1)
- Koaxiales Elektrospinnen (1)
- Kozak-sequence (1)
- Kraft lignin (1)
- Kriechen (1)
- Kriminaltechnik (1)
- Kunststoffverpackung (1)
- LC-HRMS (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LET (1)
- LFA-1 (1)
- LSPR (1)
- Laboratories and Demonstrations (1)
- Lamellae structure (1)
- Lanthanide luminescence (1)
- Laser drilling (1)
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-Beam Profiler (1)
- Laserbohren (1)
- Lasermaterialbearbeitung (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Lebensmittelverpackungen (1)
- Leg (1)
- LeuT (1)
- Leucine (1)
- Leucine degradation (1)
- Lexikon (1)
- Libido-booster (1)
- Ligand -Receptor Interactions* (1)
- Light Curing Units (1)
- Light attenuation (1)
- Light curing (1)
- Light curing units (1)
- Light limitation (1)
- Light measurement (1)
- Lignin-based composites (1)
- Linear viscoelasticity (1)
- Lineare Viskoelastizität (1)
- Linezolid (1)
- Lipoaspirate (1)
- Lipoaspirates (1)
- Liquid crystal (1)
- Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) (1)
- Lithium (1)
- Local mechanical properties (1)
- Local process-dependent properties (1)
- Locomotion (1)
- Long-chain N-1-alkyl-1,3-propanediamines (1)
- Low-input crops (1)
- Luftfracht (1)
- Lymphedema (1)
- Lysosome (1)
- Lysosomes (1)
- MADDMultiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (1)
- MALDI QIT TOF MS (1)
- MAP (1)
- MAPO (1)
- MCT (1)
- MICA/B (1)
- MMP-9 (1)
- MOCS1 (1)
- MOX Gassensoren (1)
- MOX gas sensors (1)
- MPV17 monoclonal antibody (1)
- MRPP (1)
- MS (1)
- MS/MS peptide sequencing (1)
- MSCs (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Macrophage (1)
- Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (1)
- Macrophages (1)
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1)
- Mal d 1 (1)
- Malus domestica (1)
- Malus genotypes (1)
- Mapping (1)
- Mars environment (1)
- Mars exploration (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Mast cells (1)
- Materialverarbeitung (1)
- Matrix metalloproteases (1)
- Meat-associated Microorganisms (1)
- Mechanical properties of materials (1)
- Mechanische Prüfung (1)
- Mehrachsigkeit (1)
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells/cytology (1)
- Mesenchymal stromal cells (1)
- Metabolicdecompensation (1)
- Metal oxide gas sensors (1)
- Metals (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methylation (1)
- Methyltransferase (1)
- Michael acceptors (1)
- Micro-mechanical properties (1)
- Microcirculation (1)
- Microindentation (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Microplastics (1)
- Miscanthus nagara (1)
- Miscanthus robustus (1)
- Miscanthus sinensis (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (1)
- Mitochondrial apoptogens (1)
- Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) (1)
- Mitochondrial tRNA (1)
- Mobile explosive identification (1)
- Moco deficiency (1)
- Mold temperature (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular weight (1)
- Molekulargewicht (1)
- Molybdenum cofactor (1)
- Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (1)
- Motion tracking (1)
- Motivation (1)
- Movement disorder (1)
- Multi-lineage differentiation (1)
- Multilineage potential (1)
- Multimodal hyperspectral data (1)
- Multivariate analysis (1)
- N-acetylaspartic acid (1)
- N-acylated amino acids (1)
- N-isovalerylglycine (1)
- NAI (1)
- NDVI (1)
- NFκB pathway (1)
- NGS (1)
- NKG2D (1)
- NLRP3 inflammasome (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NSS family (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nachwachsender Rohstoff (1)
- Nadelhölzer (1)
- Nafion™ (1)
- Nano-systems (1)
- Nanofibers (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Native mass spectrometry (1)
- Naturkautschuk (1)
- Near-field synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography (1)
- Neugeborenenscreening (1)
- Neurometabolic disease (1)
- Neuropilin (1)
- Neuroprotective (1)
- Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Next generation sequencing (NGS) (1)
- Nickel-based superalloy (1)
- Nickelbasis-Superlegierung (1)
- Nitriles (1)
- Nitrogruppe (1)
- Node involvement (1)
- Non-covalent interaction MS* (1)
- Non-destructive (1)
- Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (1)
- Nonlinear coefficient (1)
- O3/UV (1)
- OA, organic acids (1)
- OH-Zahl-Bestimmungen (1)
- OH-number (1)
- OXCT1 (1)
- Oak leaf poisoning (1)
- Off-target effects (1)
- Oligodendroglioma (1)
- Optical sensor (1)
- Optische Gassensorik (1)
- Orai1 (1)
- Organische Säuren (1)
- Organosolv (1)
- Organosolv process (1)
- Organosolv-Lignin (1)
- Organosolv-Verfahren (1)
- Orientation averaging (1)
- Orion (1)
- Osteogene Linie (1)
- Osteogenic differentiation (1)
- Osteogenic lineage (1)
- Ovarian cancer (1)
- Oxazolidinone antibiotics (1)
- P1 receptor (1)
- P2 receptor (1)
- P4 medicine (1)
- PCR inhibitors (1)
- PD-1/CTLA-4 (1)
- PDI (1)
- PEM electrolysis (1)
- PERK (1)
- PLASM (1)
- PLS-regression (1)
- PTHrP (1)
- PTR-MS (1)
- PTR-ToF (1)
- Packaging (1)
- Partial least squares regression (1)
- Partikeltechnologie (1)
- Partikelverarbeitung (1)
- Pathogenic Bacteria (1)
- Pattern recognition (1)
- Patterning (1)
- Paulownia (1)
- Paulownia tomemtosa (1)
- Peptidomimetic inhibitors (1)
- Permeation (1)
- Peroxisomes (1)
- Pervanadate (1)
- Pharmacogenetics (1)
- Phase II Reaktion (1)
- Phase II reaction (1)
- Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze (1)
- Phenole-formaldehyde resin (1)
- Phenolic acids (1)
- Phenylacetyl-coenzym A (1)
- Phenyls (1)
- Photoinitiator (1)
- Photopolymerization (1)
- Phycocyanin lyase (1)
- Physical sensors (1)
- Physiological stress responses in plants (1)
- Picea abies (1)
- Picea pungens (1)
- Plasmid DNA (pBR322) (1)
- Pleiotropic drug resistance (1)
- Poly(acrylonitrile-co-1,3-butadiene-co-styrene)/polyamide 6 (ABS/PA 6) blends (1)
- Polymer Chemistry (1)
- Polymere (1)
- Polymers/copolymers (1)
- Polysaccharide derivatives (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethan-Coatings (1)
- Polyurethanbeschichtungen (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Portland cement (1)
- Post-prandial metabolism (1)
- Poultry (1)
- Poultry meat (1)
- Poultry spoilage (1)
- Pregnancy (1)
- Pressure-sensitive adhesive (1)
- Primary explosives (1)
- Principal component analysis (1)
- Probabilistic methods (1)
- Probenahme (1)
- Programmed cell death (1)
- Proliferation (1)
- Promoter methylation (1)
- Propellants (1)
- Prostate cancer (1)
- Proteasome (1)
- Proteasome maturation (1)
- Protected cultivation (1)
- Protein complex analysis (1)
- Protein-protein interaction (1)
- Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Prunus avium L. (1)
- Präkeramische Papiere (1)
- Prüfungsvorbereitung (1)
- Ps. fluorescens (1)
- Pulping (1)
- Purinergic signaling (1)
- Py-GC/MS (1)
- Py-MS (1)
- Pyrogallol (1)
- Pyroglutamic aciduria (1)
- Pyrolyse-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS) (1)
- Pyrolysis-GC/FID (1)
- Pyrolysis-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis-evolved gas analysis-mass spectrometry (1)
- Pyrolysis–GC/MS (1)
- Qualitative Analysis (1)
- Qualitative analysis (1)
- Quantification (1)
- Quasi equilibrium conditions (1)
- R751L (1)
- Radiation (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Raman and FTIR spectroscopies (1)
- Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Rapeseed pomace (1)
- Rapid method (1)
- Real-time measurement (1)
- Receptors, Purinergic P2 (1)
- Receptors, Purinergic/genetics/physiology (1)
- Redox potential (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Research reproducibility and replicability (1)
- Resin based composite (1)
- Resin composite (1)
- Resin-based composites (1)
- Resource Planning (1)
- Ressource (1)
- Restorative composite (1)
- Reversible inhibition (1)
- RheoTack analysis (1)
- Rheologie (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Rheometer (1)
- Rosskastanie (1)
- Rubbers (1)
- S-sulfocysteine (1)
- SAM486A (1)
- SARS-COV-2 virus (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCNN1D (1)
- SEC (1)
- SGN-35 (1)
- SHAP (1)
- SLC6 (1)
- SLC6A14 (1)
- SMBG (1)
- SNPSTR (1)
- SOS-LC (1)
- SOS-LUX test (1)
- SPME (1)
- STARLIFE project (1)
- STF-31 (1)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1)
- Safety and security (1)
- Sample digestion (1)
- Saponin (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Schadensanalyse (1)
- Schmauchspur (1)
- Schneeglöckchen (1)
- Schusswaffe (1)
- Schwindung (1)
- Sclera (1)
- Second-Year Undergraduate (1)
- Secondary compounds in plants (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Selektives Screening (1)
- Selenocysteine (1)
- Self-assembling (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Serine (1)
- Serine proteases (1)
- Sexual assault (1)
- Shear thickening (1)
- Shear viscosity (1)
- Sicherheitsmaßnahme (1)
- Silica gel (1)
- Silica-based nanobeads (1)
- Silicon Carbides (1)
- Silphium (1)
- Silphium perfoliatum (1)
- Simulated sunlight (1)
- Sinapine (1)
- Single Lens Reflex Camera (1)
- Single sperm cells (1)
- Skin (1)
- Skin cells (1)
- Skin flakes (1)
- Soluble CD21 (1)
- Soluble CD23 (1)
- Solution chemistry (1)
- Space (1)
- Space radiation (1)
- Spectroscropy (1)
- Sperm cells (1)
- Spermatozoa (1)
- Splicing (1)
- Spoilage (1)
- Spoilage bacteria (1)
- Sports doping (1)
- Sprengstoffspürhund (1)
- Sprouting (1)
- Spürhund (1)
- Stabilisator (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Stabilizer (1)
- Stammzelle (1)
- Static stiffness (1)
- Statik (1)
- Statistical methods (1)
- Steinzeug (1)
- Stem cell (1)
- Stem cell differentiation (1)
- Stereoisomers (1)
- Steroidal saponin (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Storage modulus (1)
- Store-operated calcium entry (1)
- Strain stiffening (1)
- Stress analysis (1)
- Stress strain relation (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Studienfach (1)
- Study Island (1)
- Stöchiometrie (1)
- Substrate mapping (1)
- Substrate specificity (1)
- Sulfite oxidase (1)
- Sulfonamides (1)
- Superconductivity (1)
- Supervised classification (1)
- Support vector machines (1)
- Surfaces, interfaces and thin films (1)
- Surveillance (1)
- Survey (1)
- Suspension (1)
- Sympathetic reflexes (1)
- Synergie (1)
- Synovial fluid (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Systemic lupus erythomatosus (SLE) (1)
- TATP (1)
- TGA-FTIR (1)
- TGA-MS (1)
- TOF (1)
- Tandem-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Tap water (1)
- Targeted mass spectrometry (1)
- Technische Chemie (1)
- Telemedicine (1)
- Telogen hair (1)
- Temperaturgradienten (1)
- Template-mediation (1)
- Terbium(III) dipicolinic acid complex (1)
- Tetramerisation (1)
- Therapeutic antibodies* (1)
- Thermal barrier coating (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermochemical conversion (1)
- Thermodynamics (1)
- Thermoplastic polyurethanes (1)
- Thermormechanical fatigue/cycling (1)
- Thermoschockverhalten (1)
- Thiol antioxidants (1)
- TiO2-coatings (1)
- Time dependency (1)
- Time–kill methodology (1)
- Tinten (1)
- Tissue-specific promoters (1)
- Total phenol content (1)
- Transcription Regulation (1)
- Transcriptional targeting (1)
- Transdermal therapeutic system (1)
- Transformation products (1)
- Transgenic mice (1)
- Trapped radicals (1)
- Treatment (1)
- Truncated dhs (1)
- Type 2 diabetes (1)
- UPR signaling (1)
- UV Absorption (1)
- UV absorbance (1)
- UV spectrum (1)
- UV-Absorption (1)
- UV-VIS (1)
- UV-vis spectroscopy (1)
- Ultimate coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Ultrafine microstructures (1)
- Ultrasonic studies (1)
- Unconjugated THC-COOH (1)
- Urea cycle defect (1)
- Urinary bladder (1)
- Urinary organic acids (1)
- Urine organic acid analysis (1)
- Urothione (1)
- Used engine oil (1)
- VOCs (1)
- Valproic acid (1)
- Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1)
- Vascular cells (1)
- Vascular grafts (1)
- Vascular permeability (1)
- Vasculature (1)
- Verzug (1)
- Vibrational microspectroscopy (1)
- Vickers hardness (1)
- Vim3 (1)
- Visceral afferents (1)
- Visceral lipid tissue (1)
- Visceral pain (1)
- Viscoelastic behavior (1)
- Visible light curing (1)
- Visible light curing resin (1)
- Visible light-curing (1)
- Vitamin A acetate isomers (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Vulkanisation (1)
- WAXS (1)
- WZB117 (1)
- Wasserverteilung (1)
- Weihnachtsbaum (1)
- Werkstoffmodellierung (1)
- Western blot (1)
- Whole genome amplification (WGA) (1)
- Whole-genome sequencing (1)
- Wild Type Mouse (1)
- Wildlife Forensics (1)
- Wireless sensor network (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wnt/β-catenin (1)
- Wolframin (1)
- Wärmedämmschicht (1)
- X Thermal barrier coating (1)
- X-STR (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) (1)
- XBP1 (1)
- XGBoost (1)
- XRD (1)
- Y-STR (1)
- Yeast (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young’s modulus (1)
- Zahnfollikel (1)
- Zahnfüllung (1)
- Zytokin-induzierte Killerzellen (1)
- accelerated iron ions (1)
- accurate monitoring (1)
- acetoacetic acid (1)
- acetone (1)
- acidic ethanosolv (1)
- actin (1)
- actinometry (1)
- adhesion factor (1)
- adoptive cell transfer (1)
- adverse effects (1)
- aerogels (1)
- agarose (1)
- aircraft engine part (1)
- albuminuria (1)
- alkaline phosphatase (1)
- alkyl amines (1)
- allergenicity (1)
- allosteric communication (1)
- altered mitochondrial homeostasis (1)
- amelogenesis (1)
- amino acid transporter (1)
- amodiaquine (1)
- amorphous 2D polymer (1)
- amplicon sequencing (1)
- anabolic (1)
- anaplastic lymphoma kinase (1)
- angiodiabetes (1)
- anorganische Schmauchspur (1)
- antibacterial (1)
- antibiotic prophylaxis (1)
- antibody–drug conjugate (1)
- antifungal (1)
- antimicrobial (1)
- antimicrobial coatings (1)
- antimikrobielle Beschichtungen (1)
- antioxidative capacity (1)
- antiradical activity (1)
- apple allergy (1)
- apple replant disease (ARD) (1)
- arthritis (1)
- ash (1)
- astrobiology (1)
- atmosphere (1)
- autism spectrum disorders (1)
- autohydrolysis (1)
- autoimmune disease (1)
- autologous bone graft (1)
- automated electrophysiology (1)
- automated sensor-screening (1)
- automatic measurement validation (1)
- automation of sample processing (1)
- automotive paint (1)
- automotive lever (1)
- autophagy signaling pathways (1)
- bagasse (1)
- basalt (1)
- bdelloid rotifer (1)
- beaching (1)
- behavior and cognition (1)
- benchtop (1)
- benzoyl-coA (1)
- beta-ketothiolase (1)
- bio-based (1)
- bio-chemicals (1)
- bio-innovation (1)
- bioactive factors (1)
- biobased plastics (1)
- biobasiert (1)
- biobasierte Kunststoffe (1)
- biochemical fingerprinting (1)
- biochemistry (1)
- biocomposite (1)
- biodegradable (1)
- bioenergy (1)
- biofilm removal (1)
- biofilm-related infections (1)
- bioinformatics (1)
- biomarker (1)
- biomarker profile (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- biomolecules (1)
- biopolymer (1)
- biopolymers (1)
- biorefineries (1)
- bio‐based (1)
- black fungi (1)
- blebbistatin (1)
- blood glucose meters (1)
- blood glucose monitoring device (1)
- blood vessel (1)
- blow molding (1)
- blown film (1)
- bone mineral density (1)
- bone remodeling (1)
- brain tumor (1)
- branched-chain amino acids (1)
- breast carcinoma (1)
- brightfield microscopy (1)
- brilliant green (1)
- built environment (1)
- bulk and local viscoelastic properties (1)
- bypass graft (1)
- cPMP (1)
- cabbage waste (1)
- calendering (1)
- cancer (1)
- cancer biomarker (1)
- cancer treatment (1)
- cannabidiol, immunotherapy (1)
- cardiodiabetes (1)
- cardiovascular replacement (1)
- cartilage (1)
- caspase (1)
- caspases (1)
- catabolic (1)
- catalysis (1)
- cell division (1)
- cell harvesting (1)
- cell viability (1)
- cellulose saccharification (1)
- cementogenesis (1)
- ceramic (1)
- ceramics (1)
- chaetocin (1)
- chain extender cross-linker (1)
- chain extenders cross-linker (1)
- chain extending cross-linker (1)
- chain-extending cross-linker (1)
- characterization (1)
- chemical pathology (1)
- chemosensing (1)
- chiral-nematic (1)
- chitosan (1)
- cholesteric liquid crystals (1)
- cholesteric phase (1)
- chromanones (1)
- chromatogram library (1)
- ciclopirox olamine (1)
- clear cell renal cell carcinoma (1)
- clear coat (1)
- clinical trials (1)
- coagulation (1)
- coaxial electrospinning (1)
- coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- coffee ring effect (1)
- collagen (1)
- combination (1)
- combination of treatments (1)
- common variable immunodeficiency (1)
- components (1)
- composite materials (1)
- composites (1)
- compost disintegration (1)
- condensation (1)
- conditioned media (1)
- confocal fluorescence microscopy (1)
- contribution ratio (1)
- copolymers of methacrylic acid with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate macromonomers (1)
- core-sheath fibers (1)
- cosmic rays (1)
- cost optimization (1)
- cracks (1)
- creep compliance (1)
- cross-linking (1)
- crystal violet (1)
- crystallinity (1)
- cube in cube model (1)
- curing behavior (1)
- cysticfibrosis (1)
- cytoskeleton (1)
- data base search (1)
- data evaluation (1)
- decay classes (1)
- defects (1)
- deformation behavior (1)
- degraded DNA (1)
- degree of disintegration (1)
- delta-subunit (1)
- demethylation (1)
- dental implant (1)
- dental polymers (1)
- dental stem cells (1)
- dental stem cells immortalization (1)
- dentinogenesis (1)
- dentogenesis (1)
- dependability analysis (1)
- depolymerization (1)
- desert cyanobacteria (1)
- designer drugs (1)
- detaching (1)
- determination of OH content (1)
- diabetes mellitus (1)
- diabetic dyslipidemia (1)
- diagnosis and management (1)
- dielectric analysis (DEA) (1)
- dielektrická analýza (1)
- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- disintegration kinetics (1)
- dissolved ozone (1)
- distribuce záření (1)
- distributed embedded computing system (1)
- draw ratio (1)
- drug delivery (1)
- drug detection (1)
- drug release materials (1)
- duty ratio (1)
- dyes (1)
- dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) (1)
- eIF-5A (1)
- electroless copper deposition (1)
- electroretinography (1)
- electrospinning (1)
- elementary volume (1)
- encapsulation (1)
- endocytosis (1)
- endometrial carcinoma (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (1)
- endoplasmic reticulum stress (1)
- endothelial cell (1)
- endothelial cell differentiation (1)
- endothelial cells (1)
- energy deposition (1)
- energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (1)
- engineering plastics (1)
- enzyme activity (1)
- epithelial sodium channel (1)
- epithelial transport (1)
- epitope mapping (1)
- ethacrynic acid (1)
- exon fusion (1)
- explosives (1)
- explosives detection (1)
- extra column band broadening (1)
- extraction-linked bias (1)
- failure analysis (1)
- fasentin (1)
- fatty acid metabolism (1)
- feature (1)
- fiber composites (1)
- fish gill (1)
- flow cytometry (1)
- flow direction (1)
- fluorinated salts (1)
- food contact material (1)
- food safety (1)
- force-retraction displacement-curve (1)
- forensic (1)
- forensic genetics (1)
- formulation (1)
- fotokompozit (1)
- fractional activity (1)
- fungal and bacterial amplicon sequencing (1)
- gas turbine blade (1)
- gene expression (1)
- generative manufacturing (1)
- genetic polymorphism (1)
- genomic data (1)
- genotype (1)
- geopolymer (1)
- geopolymer foam (1)
- glass fibers (1)
- glucocheck (1)
- glucose uptake inhibitor (1)
- glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase (1)
- glycemic control (1)
- glycerol (1)
- greenhouse bio-test (1)
- growth factors (1)
- growth hormone (1)
- guidelines (1)
- habitability (1)
- halogen bonding (1)
- hard and soft tissue (1)
- hardness testing (1)
- harvest prediction (1)
- healthcare-associated infections (HAI) (1)
- heart protection (1)
- heat shock proteins (1)
- heat shock response (1)
- heat-transfer method (1)
- heavy ion particle (HZE) radations (1)
- helical drilling (1)
- helical twisting power (1)
- hepatocellular carcinoma (1)
- heterocyclic (1)
- heterozygous ALPL mutation (1)
- high diagnostic coverage and reliability (1)
- high dynamic range resistance readout (1)
- high-performance liquid chromatography (1)
- high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (1)
- high-throughput DNA sequencing (1)
- high-throughput qRT-PCR (1)
- high-throughput sequencing (1)
- histamine receptor (1)
- histamine receptor antagonist (1)
- histidine decarboxylase (1)
- histone deacetylase inhibitors (1)
- homemade explosives (1)
- homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) (1)
- horse chestnut (1)
- hospital environment (1)
- hospital-acquired infections (1)
- human cholinesterases (1)
- human microbiome (1)
- hydrogen bonding (1)
- hydroxyapatite (1)
- hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (1)
- hyperammonemia (1)
- hypertension (1)
- hypogammaglobulinemia (1)
- hypoglycemia (1)
- hypophosphatasia (1)
- hypoxia (1)
- iPS cells (1)
- iPSCs (1)
- iPad (1)
- immune checkpoint inhibition programmed cell death-1 (1)
- immunhistochemistry (1)
- immunology (1)
- impact monitoring (1)
- impact sensitivity (1)
- impedance spectroscopy (1)
- impregnation-reduction (1)
- increments of retention indices (1)
- individualized therapy (1)
- infection prevention (1)
- infectious disease (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- inherited metabolic disease (1)
- inorganic pyrophosphate (1)
- intact proinsulin (1)
- integrative Simulation (1)
- integrative simulation (1)
- interferon γ (1)
- internal drug exposure (1)
- intrinsic pathway (1)
- invasion (1)
- ion viscosity (1)
- ionic polymer metal (1)
- isoleucine metabolism (1)
- isothermal (1)
- ketogenesis defects (1)
- ketogenez defektleri (1)
- ketoliz defektleri (1)
- ketolysis defects (1)
- keton bodies (1)
- ketone body synthesis (1)
- kinetika vytvrzování (1)
- klarzelliges Nierenzellkarzinom (1)
- layer-by-layer encapsulation (1)
- leishmaniasis (1)
- leucine degradation (1)
- life on Mars (1)
- life-detection (1)
- light distribution (1)
- lignin structure analysis (1)
- lignocellulose chemistry (1)
- lignocellulosic feedstock (1)
- lignocellulosic raw material (1)
- lignosulfonate (1)
- liquid chromatography (1)
- liquid crystal (1)
- liquid crystals (1)
- long interspersed nuclear element-1 (1)
- long-term storage (1)
- low detection limits (1)
- low molecular weight (1)
- low-level laser therapy (1)
- lung cancer (1)
- lymphoma (1)
- mTOR (1)
- major histocompatibility complex class I polypeptide-related sequence A (MICA) (1)
- massive parallel sequencing (1)
- material modelling (1)
- materials processing (1)
- maturity index (1)
- mechanical testing (1)
- mechanical thinning (1)
- melt fraction (1)
- melt interconnection (1)
- member D (NKG2D) (1)
- mesenchymal stem cell (1)
- mesogens (1)
- metabolic effects (1)
- metabolically active cells (1)
- metal nanoparticles (1)
- metal-oxide-semiconductor gas sensors (1)
- methylmalonic acidaemia (1)
- methylmalonic acidemia (1)
- miR-15 (1)
- miR-498 (1)
- micro processing (1)
- microbial community structure (1)
- microbial contamination (1)
- microbial ecology (1)
- microbiome (1)
- microbiome analyses (1)
- microdialysis (1)
- microindentation (1)
- micromanipulation (1)
- microplastic (1)
- microsatellite instability (1)
- mitochondrial biogenesis (1)
- mixed-mode chromatography (1)
- mobile Explosivstoffdetektion (1)
- modelling (1)
- mold temperature (1)
- molecular docking (1)
- molecular dynamics (1)
- molecular dynamics simulations (1)
- molecular mass degradation (1)
- molecular motor (1)
- molecular pathology (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- molecular weight determination (1)
- molecule-surface interactions (1)
- monoamine oxidases (1)
- monoclonal antibody (1)
- mouse model (1)
- multi-drug response (1)
- multiaxial stress state (1)
- multidimensional (1)
- multineurotarget agents (1)
- multiple myeloma (1)
- multiple myeloma (MM) (1)
- multiresolution analysis (1)
- multivariate data analysis (1)
- multivariate statistical analysis (1)
- multivariate statistics (1)
- mutations (1)
- myogenesis (1)
- nachhaltig (1)
- nano structured gas sensors (1)
- nanobodies (1)
- nanocrystalline diamond (1)
- nanomaterials (1)
- nanomedicine (1)
- nanostructured surfaces (1)
- natural fiber (1)
- natural killer group 2 (1)
- neoexpression (1)
- neuroendocrine (1)
- next generation sequencing (1)
- nitrogen dioxide (1)
- non-HDL-C and Cardiovascular disease (1)
- non-apoptotic roles (1)
- non-small cell lung cancer (1)
- non-woven fiber mats (1)
- nondestructive examination (1)
- nosocomial infections (1)
- nucleic acids (1)
- nutrient germinants (1)
- nutrigenetics (1)
- nutrigenomics (1)
- odontogenic cells (1)
- operando Raman spectroscopies (1)
- organic acid analysis (1)
- organische Schmauchspur (1)
- organoids (1)
- organosolv lignin (1)
- orthotropes prozessabhängiges Materialverhalten (1)
- orthotropic process-dependent material behavior (1)
- osteogenic potential (1)
- osteoporosis (1)
- outer space (1)
- oxalic acid (1)
- p27 (1)
- p53 (1)
- paediatric clinical genetics & dysmorphology (1)
- paediatric endocrinology (1)
- paediatric intensive & critical care (1)
- panspermia (1)
- papier-abgeleitete Keramiken (1)
- papierabgeleitete Keramik (1)
- partial melting (1)
- partial squares regression (1)
- particle processing (1)
- particulate composite (1)
- patent (1)
- pathogen control (1)
- pathogenic microorganisms (1)
- pathophysiology (1)
- peptide sequencing (1)
- perpendicular (1)
- personalized medicine (1)
- pharmacokinetics (1)
- phase II reaction (1)
- phenylacetyl-coA (1)
- phenylketonuria (1)
- phosphoethanolamine (1)
- photo-curing of polymers (1)
- photo-polymerization (1)
- photocatalysis (1)
- photostabiliser (1)
- phytoalexins (1)
- pigments (1)
- planetary protection (1)
- plastic pollution (1)
- poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (1)
- poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate macromonomers (1)
- polybutylene adipate terephthalate (1)
- polyelectrolytes (1)
- polylactic acid (1)
- polysaccharide (1)
- polytunnel (1)
- polyurethane coatings (1)
- porosity (1)
- porphyria (1)
- postmenopause (1)
- potentiometric sensors (1)
- power industry (1)
- power stroke (1)
- precision (1)
- pressure sensitive adhesive (1)
- primary airway epithelial cells (1)
- primates (1)
- primäre Explosivstoffe (1)
- principal component analysis (1)
- prioritizable ranking (1)
- proanthocyanidins (1)
- probiotic cleaning (1)
- probiotic-based cleaning formulations (1)
- process parameters (1)
- process-induced morphology (1)
- process-induced structure (1)
- processing-structure-property relationship (1)
- project-specific cost profile (1)
- proliferation (1)
- propionic acidaemia (1)
- propionic acidemia (1)
- protected cultivation (1)
- protein microarray (1)
- proteomics (1)
- prototype apparatus (1)
- proximal tubule (1)
- präkeramisches Papier (1)
- pseudogene (1)
- purinergic receptor (1)
- purinergic receptors (1)
- pyridoxal phosphate (1)
- pyrolysis-GC (1)
- pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass-spectrometry (1)
- pyroplastic deformation (1)
- pyroplastic index (1)
- pyroplastische Verformung (1)
- pyroplastischer Index (1)
- qNMR (1)
- qPCR (1)
- quantitative RP-HPLC-DAD (1)
- quantitative RT-PCR (1)
- radiation (1)
- radioresistance (1)
- rating method (1)
- real-time PCR (1)
- recurrent ketoacidotic episodes (1)
- redundancy (1)
- regenerative medicine (1)
- relative density (1)
- release kinetics (1)
- renal cancer (1)
- renal cell carcinoma (1)
- renal tubular cells (1)
- resin for 3D-printing (1)
- resistance (1)
- ressources (1)
- restenosis (1)
- retinal degeneration (1)
- retraction speed dependency (1)
- rheumatoid arthritis (1)
- ring-size statistics (1)
- ripening (1)
- rodent (1)
- rodents (1)
- rosiglitazone (1)
- rubbers (1)
- sCD21 (1)
- safety measures (1)
- scanning tunnelling microscopy (1)
- scratch assay (1)
- screening (1)
- seed coat (1)
- selectivity tuning (1)
- self-assembled monolayers (1)
- self-monitoring BG (1)
- semiconducting metal oxide gas sensor array (1)
- semiconductors (1)
- sensitize (1)
- sensor array (1)
- sensory characterisation (1)
- sequencing (1)
- sexual assault (1)
- short tandem repeat (1)
- short tandem repeat (STR) (1)
- short-range correlation (1)
- shrinkage (1)
- single-domain antibody (1)
- single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA (1)
- sintering (1)
- sirtuins (1)
- size exclusion chromatography (1)
- skin cancer (1)
- slope based signature (1)
- smooth muscle cell (1)
- smooth muscle cell differentiation (1)
- snowdrop (1)
- sodium alginate (1)
- sodium self-inhibition (1)
- soil properties (1)
- soil sickness (1)
- sol-gel support (1)
- solute carrier (1)
- solvent exchange (1)
- space radiation environment (1)
- sperm cell (1)
- spore resistance (1)
- sporegermination (1)
- stabilisation (1)
- stabiliser (1)
- stationary phase (1)
- staurosporine (1)
- steady-state concentration (1)
- stem cell niche (1)
- stent (1)
- stoneware (1)
- stress analysis (1)
- structural biology (1)
- structural coloration (1)
- structure elucidation (1)
- structure prediction (1)
- substance aging (1)
- superalloys (1)
- supercritical drying (1)
- superficially porous particles (1)
- supramolecular liquid crystals (1)
- surface modification (1)
- surface sanitization (1)
- surfaces (1)
- surrogate endpoint (1)
- survival (1)
- sustainable (1)
- sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) (1)
- sweet sorghum (1)
- switchgear station (1)
- synergism (1)
- synergistic effect (1)
- synthetic sapphire (1)
- system lay-out (1)
- system optimization (1)
- systemic response (1)
- tRNA processing (1)
- tack (1)
- temperature influence (1)
- templates (1)
- temporomandibular joint (1)
- therapy (1)
- thermal barrier coating (1)
- thermal gradient (1)
- thermal insulation material (1)
- thermal insulation materials (1)
- thermal shock behaviour (1)
- thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- thermochemical conversion (1)
- thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- thermomechanical fatigue/cycling (1)
- thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- thermophoresis (1)
- thermosensing (1)
- thin film (1)
- tiglyglycine (1)
- time series analysis (1)
- total phenolic content (1)
- transcriptional regulation (1)
- transient kinetics (1)
- transient receptor potential vanilloid Type 2 (1)
- triacetone triperoxide (1)
- triacetone triperoxides (1)
- triiodothyronine (1)
- triphenylmethane dyes (1)
- tumor diagnosis (1)
- tunable pitch (1)
- tunable sheet resistance (1)
- tungsten oxide (1)
- tungsten oxides (1)
- tvrdost (1)
- two-electrode voltage clamp (1)
- ultrashort pulse laser (1)
- unfolded protein response (1)
- unfolded protein response (UPR) (1)
- urea cycle defect (1)
- valine catabolic pathway (1)
- valine degradation (1)
- van Deemter curve (1)
- viscoelastic properties (1)
- visible light curing resin based composites (1)
- viskoelastické vlastnosti (1)
- volatile organic compound (VOC) sensing (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- vytvrzování světlem (1)
- warpage (1)
- water-to-land transition (1)
- wearable technology (1)
- whole genome amplification (WGA) (1)
- whole-tooth regeneration (1)
- woody debris (1)
- wound healing assay (1)
- yield (1)
- yin-yang effect (1)
- zona pellucida protein 2 ZP2 (1)
- µCT (1)
- ß-OHB (1)
- ß-hydroxybutyrate (1)
- β-amino acids (1)
- β-catenin (1)
- β-catenin expression (1)
- β-cell dysfunction (1)
- β-cells (1)
- γ-glutamyl cycle (1)
- σ1 and σ2 receptors (1)
Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were easily and efficiently functionalised with highly cross-linked polyamines. The radical polymerisation of two bis-vinylimidazolium salts in the presence of pristine MWCNTs and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a radical initiator led to the formation of materials with a high functionalisation degree. The subsequent treatment with sodium borohydride gave rise to the reduction of imidazolium moieties with the concomitant formation of secondary and tertiary amino groups. The obtained materials were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, solid state 13C-NMR, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), potentiometric titration, and temperature programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (CO2-TPD). One of the prepared materials was tested as a heterogeneous base catalyst in C–C bond forming reactions such as the Knoevenagel condensation and Henry reaction. Furthermore, two examples concerning a sequential one-pot approach involving two consecutive reactions, namely Knoevenagel and Michael reactions, were reported.
The motor protein myosin drives a wide range of cellular and muscular functions by generating directed movement and force, fueled through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis. Release of the hydrolysis product adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is a fundamental and regulatory process during force production. However, details about the molecular mechanism accompanying ADP release are scarce due to the lack of representative structures. Here we solved a novel blebbistatin-bound myosin conformation with critical structural elements in positions between the myosin pre-power stroke and rigor states. ADP in this structure is repositioned towards the surface by the phosphate-sensing P-loop, and stabilized in a partially unbound conformation via a salt-bridge between Arg131 and Glu187. A 5 Å rotation separates the mechanical converter in this conformation from the rigor position. The crystallized myosin structure thus resembles a conformation towards the end of the two-step power stroke, associated with ADP release. Computationally reconstructing ADP release from myosin by means of molecular dynamics simulations further supported the existence of an equivalent conformation along the power stroke that shows the same major characteristics in the myosin motor domain as the resolved blebbistatin-bound myosin-II·ADP crystal structure, and identified a communication hub centered on Arg232 that mediates chemomechanical energy transduction.
Toshiyuki Fukao
(2020)
Development and Validation of a Rapid and Reliable Method for TPMT Genotyping using real-time PCR
(2012)
Discrimination and classification of eight strains related to meat spoilage microorganisms commonly found in poultry meat were successfully carried out using two dispersive Raman spectrometers (Microscope and Portable Fiber-Optic systems) in combination with chemometric methods. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Multi-Class Support Vector Machines (MC-SVM) were applied to develop discrimination and classification models. These models were certified using validation data sets which were successfully assigned to the correct bacterial genera and even to the right strain. The discrimination of bacteria down to the strain level was performed for the pre-processed spectral data using a 3-stage model based on PCA. The spectral features and differences among the species on which the discrimination was based were clarified through PCA loadings. In MC-SVM the pre-processed spectral data was subjected to PCA and utilized to build a classification model. When using the first two components, the accuracy of the MC-SVM model was 97.64% and 93.23% for the validation data collected by the Raman Microscope and the Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system, respectively. The accuracy reached 100% for the validation data by using the first eight and ten PC’s from the data collected by Raman Microscope and by Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system, respectively. The results reflect the strong discriminative power and the high performance of the developed models, the suitability of the pre-processing method used in this study and that the low accuracy of the Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system does not adversely affect the discriminative power of the developed models.
Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown their multipotential including differentiating towards endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages, which triggers a new interest for using hMSCs as a putative source for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Our recent publication has shown for the first time that purinergic 2 receptors are key players during hMSC differentiation towards adipocytes and osteoblasts. Purinergic 2 receptors play an important role in cardiovascular function when they bind to extracellular nucleotides. In this study, the possible functional role of purinergic 2 receptors during MSC endothelial and smooth muscle differentiation was investigated. Methods and Results: Human MSCs were isolated from liposuction materials. Then, endothelial and smooth muscle-like cells were differentiated and characterized by specific markers via Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunochemical stainings. Interestingly, some purinergic 2 receptor subtypes were found to be differently regulated during these specific lineage commitments: P2Y4 and P2Y14 were involved in the early stage commitment while P2Y1 was the key player in controlling MSC differentiation towards either endothelial or smooth muscle cells. The administration of natural and artificial purinergic 2 receptor agonists and antagonists had a direct influence on these differentiations. Moreover, a feedback loop via exogenous extracellular nucleotides on these particular differentiations was shown by apyrase digest. Conclusions: Purinergic 2 receptors play a crucial role during the differentiation towards endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages. Some highly selective and potent artificial purinergic 2 ligands can control hMSC differentiation, which might improve the use of adult stem cells in cardiovascular tissue engineering in the future.
Space exposure experiments from the last 15 years have unexpectedly shown that several terrestrial organisms, including some multi-cellular species, are able to survive in open space without protection. The robustness of bdelloid rotifers suggests that these tiny creatures can possibly be added to the still restricted list of animals that can deal with the exposure to harsh condition of space. Bdelloids are one of the smallest animals on Earth. Living all over the world, mostly in semi-terrestrial environments, they appear to be extremely stress tolerant. Their desiccation tolerance at any stage of their life cycle is known to confer tolerance to a variety of stresses including high doses of radiation and freezing. In addition, they constitute a major scandal in evolutionary biology due to the putative absence of sexual reproduction for at least 60 million years. Adineta vaga, with its unique characteristics and a draft genome available, was selected by ESA (European Space Agency) as a model system to study extreme resistance of organisms exposed to space environment. In this manuscript, we documented the resistance of desiccated A. vaga individuals exposed to increasing doses of X-ray, protons and Fe ions. Consequences of exposure to different sources of radiation were investigated in regard to the cellular type including somatic (survival assay) and germinal cells (fertility assay). Then, the capacity of A. vaga individuals to repair DNA DSB induced by different source of radiation was investigated. Bdelloid rotifers represent a promising model in order to investigate damage induced by high or low LET radiation. The possibility of exposure both on hydrated or desiccated specimens may help to decipher contribution of direct and indirect radiation damage on biological processes. Results achieved through this study consolidate our knowledge about the radioresistance of A. vaga and improve our capacity to compare extreme resistance against radiation among living organisms including metazoan.
One of the primary current astrobiological goals is to understand the limits of microbial resistance to extraterrestrial conditions. Much attention is paid to ionizing radiation, since it can prevent the preservation and spread of life outside the Earth. The aim of this research was to study the impact of accelerated He ions (150 MeV/n, up to 1 kGy) as a component of the galactic cosmic rays on the black fungus C. antarcticus when mixed with Antarctic sandstones—the substratum of its natural habitat—and two Martian regolith simulants, which mimics two different evolutionary stages of Mars. The high dose of 1 kGy was used to assess the effect of dose accumulation in dormant cells within minerals, under long-term irradiation estimated on a geological time scale. The data obtained suggests that viable Earth-like microorganisms can be preserved in the dormant state in the near-surface scenario for approximately 322,000 and 110,000 Earth years within Martian regolith that mimic early and present Mars environmental conditions, respectively. In addition, the results of the study indicate the possibility of maintaining traces within regolith, as demonstrated by the identification of melanin pigments through UltraViolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric approach.
The development of metals tailored to the metallurgical conditions of laser-based additive manufacturing is crucial to advance the maturity of these materials for their use in structural applications. While efforts in this regard are being carried out around the globe, the use of high strength eutectic alloys have, so far, received minor attention, although previous works showed that rapid solidification techniques can result in ultrafine microstructures with excellent mechanical performance, albeit for small sample sizes. In the present work, a eutectic Ti-32.5Fe alloy has been produced by laser powder bed fusion aiming at exploiting rapid solidification and the capability to produce bulk ultrafine microstructures provided by this processing technique.
Process energy densities between 160 J/mm³ and 180 J/mm³ resulted in a dense and crack-free material with an oxygen content of ~ 0.45 wt.% in which a hierarchical microstructure is formed by µm-sized η-Ti4Fe2Ox dendrites embedded in an ultrafine eutectic β-Ti/TiFe matrix. The microstructure was studied three-dimensionally using near-field synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography with an actual spatial resolution down to 39 nm to analyse the morphology of the eutectic and dendritic structures as well as to quantify their mass density, size and distribution. Inter-lamellar spacings down to ~ 30–50 nm were achieved, revealing the potential of laser-based additive manufacturing to generate microstructures smaller than those obtained by classical rapid solidification techniques for bulk materials. The alloy was deformed at 600 °C under compressive loading up to a strain of ~ 30% without damage formation, resulting in a compressive yield stress of ~ 800 MPa.
This study provides a first demonstration of the feasibility to produce eutectic Ti-Fe alloys with ultrafine microstructures by laser powder bed fusion that are suitable for structural applications at elevated temperature.
This volume of the series Springer Briefs in Space Life Sciences explains the physics and biology of radiation in space, defines various forms of cosmic radiation and their dosimetry, and presents a range of exposure scenarios. It also discusses the effects of radiation on human health and describes the molecular mechanisms of heavy charged particles’ deleterious effects in the body. Lastly, it discusses countermeasures and addresses the vital question: Are we ready for launch?
Written for researchers in the space life sciences and space biomedicine, and for master’s students in biology, physics, and medicine, the book will also benefit all non-experts endeavoring to understand and enter space.
In forensic DNA profiling, the occurrence of complex mixed profiles is currently a common issue. Cases involving intimate swabs or skin flake tape liftings are prone to mixed profiles, because of more than one donor contributing to a DNA sample. By DNA profiling of single spermatozoa and skin flakes, problems associated with mixed profile could ideally be overcome. However, PCR is not a sensitive enough method to generate DNA profiles by STRs on single cells. Moreover, high quality intact DNA is required, but is not always available in skin flakes due to degradation. Additionally, single skin flakes are difficult to discriminate from other similar looking particles on tape liftings used to secure DNA samples from evidence. The main purpose of this study was to develop a method that enables DNA profiling of single sperm cells and skin flakes. After studying multiple whole genome amplification (WGA) protocols, REPLI-g Single Cell WGA was selected due to its suitability in the pre-amplification step of template DNA. Micromanipulation was used to isolate single spermatozoa. Furthermore, micromanipulation in combination with REPLI-g Single Cell WGA resulted in successful DNA profiling of single spermatozoa by using autosomal STRs as well as X- and Y-chromosomal STRs. The single spermatozoa DNA profiling method described in this thesis was successfully used to identify male contributors from mock intimate swabs with a mixture of semen from multiple male contributors. Different dyes were analysed to develop a staining method to discriminate skin flakes from other particles including particles such as those from hair cosmetic products. From all dyes tested, Orange G was the only dye which successfully discriminated skin flakes from hair product particles. Also, an alkaline based lysis protocol was developed that allowed PCR to be carried out directly on the lysates of single skin flakes. Furthermore, REPLI-g Single Cell WGA was tested on single skin flakes. In contrast to the single spermatozoa, REPLI-g Single Cell WGA was not successful in DNA profiling of single skin flakes. The single skin flake DNA profiling method described in this thesis was successfully used in correctly identifying contributors from mock mixed DNA evidence. Additionally, a small amplicon-based NGS method was tested on single skin flakes. Compared to the PCR and CE approach, the small amplicon-based NGS method improved DNA profiling of single skin flakes, giving a significant increase in allele recovery. In conclusion, this study shows circumventing mixtures is possible by DNA profiling of single spermatozoa, using micromanipulation and WGA. Furthermore, DNA profiling of single skin flakes has been improved by the staining of tape liftings methodology with Orange G, alkaline lysis, direct-PCR and a small amplicon-based NGS approach. Nonetheless, future work is required to assess the performance of the single spermatozoa method on mock swabs with more diluted semen. Also, commercially available NGS kits should be tested with single skin flakes and compared with the in-house NGS method.
The development of sustainable, environmentally friendly insulation materials with a reduced carbon footprint is attracting increased interest. One alternative to conventional insulation materials are foamed geopolymers. Similar to foamed concrete, the mechanical properties of geopolymer foams can also be improved by using fibers for reinforcement. This paper presents an overview of the latest research findings in the field of fiber-reinforced geopolymer foam concrete with special focus on natural fibers reinforcement. Furthermore, some basic and background information of natural fibers and geopolymer foams are reported. In most of the research, foams are produced either through chemical foaming with hydrogen peroxide or aluminum powder, or through mechanical foaming which includes a foaming agent. However, previous reviews have not sufficiently addresses the fabrication of geopolymer foams by syntactic foams. Finally, recent efforts to reduce the fiber degradation in geopolymer concrete are discussed along with challenges for natural fiber reinforced-geopolymer foam concrete.
This work presents the development of a measuring system for the quality control of ultrapure water. The new systems combines ozonation and UV radiation for the oxidation of organic substances. The change in conductivity caused by the oxidation is furthermore correlated with the TOC of the solution.
Development of colored surfaces by formation of nano-structured aggregates is a widely used strategy in nature to color lightweight structures (e.g. butterflies) without the use of dye pigments. The deposition of nanoscale particles mimics nature in it’s approach coloring surfaces. This work presents sol-gel modification of cellulose surfaces used to form a template for growth of Cu/Cu2O core-shell particles with defined size-distributions. Besides improving the adhesion of the deposited particulate material, the sol-gel matrix serves as a template for the control of particle sizes of the Cu/Cu2O structures, and as a consequence of particle size variation the surface color is tunable. As an example, red color was achieved with an average particle size of 35 nm, and shifts gradually to blue appearance when particles have grown to 80 nm on the sol-gel modified fabric. The copper concentration on representative fabrics is kept low to avoid modifying the textile characteristics and were all in the range of 150–170 mg per g of cellulose material. As a result of copper deposition on the surface of the material, the cellulose fabric also became electrically conductive. Remarkably, the electrical conductivity was found to be dependent on the average particle sizes of the deposits and thus related to the change in observed color. The generation of color by growth of nano-sized particles on sol-gel templates provides a highly promising approach to stain surfaces by physical effects without use of synthetic colorants, which opens a new strategy to improve environmental profile of coloration.
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with subsequent chemometric evaluation was performed for the rapid and non-destructive differentiation of seven important meat-associated microorganisms, namely Brochothrix thermosphacta DSM 20171, Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 4358, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sv. Enteritidis DSM 14221, Listeria monocytogenes DSM 19094, Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030, Escherichia coli HB101 and Bacillus thuringiensis sv. israelensis DSM 5724. A simple method for collecting spectra from commercial paper-based SERS substrates without any laborious pre-treatments was used. In order to prepare the spectroscopic data for classification at genera level with a subsequent chemometric evaluation consisting of principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, a pre-processing method with spike correction and sum normalisation was performed. Because of the spike correction rather than exclusion, and therefore the use of a balanced data set, the multivariate analysis of the data is significantly resilient and meaningful. The analysis showed that the differentiation of meat-associated microorganisms and thereby the detection of important meat-related pathogenic bacteria was successful on genera level and a cross-validation as well as a classification of ungrouped data showed promising results, with 99.5 % and 97.5 %, respectively.
Carbachol dimers with primary carbamate groups as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors
(2020)
With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.
Coumarin as a structural component of substrates and probes for serine and cysteine proteases
(2020)
The present thesis elucidates the development of (i) a series of small molecule inhibitors reacting in a covalent-irreversible manner with the targeted proteases and (ii) a fluorescently labeled activity-based probe as a pharmacological tool compound for investigation of specific functions of the mentioned enzymes in vitro. Herein, the rational design, organic synthesis and quantitative structure-activity-relationships are described extensively.
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are heterogeneous, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted T lymphocytes that have acquired the expression of several natural killer (NK) cell surface markers following the addition of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), OKT3 and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Treatment with CIK cells demonstrates a practical approach in cancer immunotherapy with limited, if any, graft versus host disease (GvHD) toxicity. CIK cells have been proposed and tested in many clinical trials in cancer patients by autologous, allogeneic or haploidentical administration. The possibility of combining them with specific monoclonal antibodies nivolumab and ipilimumab will further expand the possibility of their clinical utilization. Initially, phenotypic analysis was performed to explore CD3, CD4, CD56, PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on CIK cells and PD-L1/PD-L2 expression on tumor cells. We further treated CIK cells with nivolumab and ipilimumab and measured the cytotoxicity of CIK cells cocultured to renal carcinoma cell lines, A-498 and Caki-2. We observed a significant decrease in viability of renal cell lines after treating with CIK cells (p < 0.0001) in comparison to untreated renal cell lines and anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 treatment had no remarkable effect on the viability of tumor cells. Using CCK-8, Precision Count Beads™ and Cell Trace™ violet proliferation assays, we proved significant increased proliferation of CIK cells in the presence of a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies compared to untreated CIK cells. The IFN-γ secretion increased significantly in the presence of A-498 and combinatorial blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 compared to nivolumab or ipilimumab monotreatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with CIK cells augments cytotoxicity of CIK cells against renal cancer cells.
The globalisation and the increasing international trade have raised the number and risk of introduction of foreign species and invasive pests for years. Although native species have adapted to the native habitat over many years and generations, invasive intruders often possess characteristics that are superior to native species. Thus, and because of a lack of natural enemies, they bear the potential of decimation or complete displacement of the native species; furthermore, the introduction of pathogens or nematodes as a vector possesses a high damage potential. The available measures of the local plant protection services to combat invasive species are confined. They are limited to the felling of infested trees or plants and regular controls within the infested area. A spread of single infestations can thereby be prevented, but undetected infestations can unimpededly spread, which points out the main challenge: the detection of the species. This concerns the infestation in open land as well as the single animal on its path of introduction. Concerning the development of new adequate detection systems for invasive species, there is only little research activity going on. For other fields like detection of explosives or narcotics, the research activities date back for more than one decade and consequently there are detection systems available, which are, for example, used for explosive detection in airports. The detection principle bases on the chemistry of these substances.
2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (beta-ketothiolase) deficiency: one disease - two pathways
(2020)
Background: 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency (MATD; deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase T2/ “beta-ketothiolase”) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization and isoleucine degradation due to mutations in ACAT1.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for all available clinical descriptions of patients with MATD. Two hundred forty-four patients were identified and included in this analysis. Clinical course and biochemical data are presented and discussed.
Results: For 89.6% of patients at least one acute metabolic decompensation was reported. Age at first symptoms ranged from 2 days to 8 years (median 12 months). More than 82% of patients presented in the first 2 years of life, while manifestation in the neonatal period was the exception (3.4%). 77.0% (157 of 204 patients) of patients showed normal psychomotor development without neurologic abnormalities. Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all cases with MATD identified in the literature. It demonstrates that MATD is a rather benign disorder with often favourable outcome, when compared with many other organic acidurias.
Unter dem Begriff „Additive Fertigung“ werden alle Verfahren zusammengefasst, die dazu dienen Formteile aufgrund von CAD-Daten schichtweise aufzubauen. Dabei geschieht der Aufbau stets selektiv, entsprechend der durch die CAD-Daten vorgegebenen Positionen. Während für Metalle und Kunststoffe diese Technik bereits in der industriellen Anwendung etabliert ist, befindet sie sich im Bereich der keramischen Werkstoffe noch in einer frühen Entwicklungs- bzw. Anwendungsphase. Um so wichtiger ist es, den aktuellen Stand der Technik und das Potenzial für keramische Bauteile umfassend darzustellen.
Optical gas sensors based on chiral-nematic liquid crystals (N* LCs) forming one-dimensional photonic crystals do not require electrical energy and have a considerable potential to supplement established types of sensors. A chiral-nematic phase with tunable selective reflection is induced in a nematic host LC by adding reactive chiral dopants. The selective chemical reaction between dopant and analyte is capable to vary the pitch length (the lattice constant) of the soft, self-assembled, one-dimensional photonic crystal. The progress of the ongoing chemical reaction can be observed even by naked eye because the color of the samples varies. In this work, we encapsulate the responsive N* LC in microscale polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers via coaxial electrospinning. The sensor is, thus, given a solid form and has an improved stability against nonavoidable environmental influences. The reaction behavior of encapsulated and nonencapsulated N* LC toward a gaseous analyte is compared, systematically. Making use of the encapsulation is an important step to improve the applicability.
Explorative experiments were done to figure out differences in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of not infested trees and trees infested by Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorn beetle, ALB), a quarantine pest. Therefore, VOCs from some native insect species, Anoplophora glabripennis infested Acer, stressed Acer, healthy Acer, Populus and Salix were obtained by enrichment on adsorbents. Qualitative analysis was done by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with a mass selective detector (TD-GC/MS). Altogether 169 substances were identified. 11 substances occur from ALB infested or mechanically damaged trees i.e. stressed trees, but not from healthy trees. (+)-Cyclosativene, (+)-α-longipinene, copaene and caryophyllene are detectable only from ALB-infested Acer not from mechanically damaged or healthy Acer. However, these substances are also emitted by healthy Salix. 2,4-Dimethyl-1-heptene is among all tree samples exclusively present in the ambience of ALB-infested trees. It´s rarely detectable from native insect species’ samples.
Analytische Chemie II
(2020)
Dieses Arbeitsbuch führt durch das erfolgreiche Lehrbuch Skoog/Holler/Crouch, Instrumentelle Analytik und ist vor allem für das Selbststudium konzipiert. In fünf Teilen werden die Vorlesungsinhalte der fortgeschritteneren Analytischen Chemie zusammengefasst und anhand ausgewählter Beispiele erläutert: Mit der Untersuchung von Molekülen befassen sich Massenspektrometrie und Kernresonanzspektroskopie, zudem werden zahlreiche elektroanalytische Methoden wie Potentiometrie, Coulometrie, Amperometrie und Voltammetrie behandelt. In einem Überblick über speziellere Verfahren der Analytik geht es unter anderem ebenso um den Einsatz radioaktiver Substanzen und die Nutzung verschiedener Fluoreszenzverfahren wie um Methoden der Informationsgewinnung in der zunehmend wichtigen elektrochemischen und optischen Sensortechnik sowie deren Automatisierbarkeit. Den Abschluss bildet eine Zusammenfassung verschiedener Prinzipien und Anwendungsmethoden der Statistik, die im Rahmen der Analytik schlichtweg unverzichtbar sind. Um das selbstständige Lernen zu erleichtern, wird dabei in allen Teilen des Buches immer wieder auf essenzielle Abschnitte und Abbildungen des Lehrbuches verwiesen.
Miscanthus crops possess very attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Because of these properties, it is currently considered for use in second-generation biorefineries. Here we analyze the differences in chemical composition between M. x giganteus, a commonly studied Miscanthus genotype, and M. nagara, which is relatively understudied but has useful properties such as increased frost resistance and higher stem stability. Samples of M. x giganteus (Gig35) and M. nagara (NagG10) have been separated by plant portion (leaves and stems) in order to isolate the corresponding lignins. The organosolv process was used for biomass pulping (80% ethanol solution, 170 °C, 15 bar). Biomass composition and lignin structure analysis were performed using composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the 3D structure of the isolated lignins, monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages depending on genotype and harvesting season. SEC data showed significant differences in the molecular weight and polydispersity indices for stem versus leaf-derived lignins. Py-GC/MS and hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR revealed different monolignol compositions for the two genotypes (Gig35, NagG10). The monolignol ratio is slightly influenced by the time of harvest: stem-derived lignins of M. nagara showed increasing H and decreasing G unit content over the studied harvesting period (December–April).
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for Regenerative Dentistry in particular due to their ability to differentiate towards osteoblasts, among other lineages. Tooth and jaw bone loss are frequent sequelae of traumatic and pathological conditions in both the young and the elderly and must be met by appropriate prosthetic replacements. For successful osseointegration of the dental implant a sufficient bone level is necessary. Besides the utilization of bone autografts or synthetic biomaterials, medical research is more and more focused on the utilization of MSCs. Compared to cells obtained from liposuction material, ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the head area e.g. out of dental follicles or particulate, non-vascularized bone chips show a higher differentiation potential towards osteoblasts.
Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease, which is of particular importance for fruit tree nurseries and fruit growers. The disease manifests by a poor vegetative development, stunted growth, and reduced yield in terms of quantity and quality, if apple plants (usually rootstocks) are replanted several times at the same site. Genotype-specific differences in the reaction of apple plants to ARD are documented, but less is known about the genetic mechanisms behind this symptomatology. Recent transcriptome analyses resulted in a number of candidate genes possibly involved in the plant response. In the present study, the expression of 108 selected candidate genes was investigated in root and leaf tissue of four different apple genotypes grown in untreated ARD soil and ARD soil disinfected by γ-irradiation originating from two different sites in Germany. Thirty-nine out of the 108 candidate genes were differentially expressed in roots by taking a p-value of < 0.05 and a fold change of > 1.5 as cutoff. Sixteen genes were more than 4.5-fold upregulated in roots of plants grown in ARD soil. The four genes MNL2 (putative mannosidase); ALF5 (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein); UGT73B4 (uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase 73B4), and ECHI (chitin-binding) were significantly upregulated in roots. These genes seem to be related to the host plant response to ARD, although they have never been described in this context before. Six of the highly upregulated genes belong to the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway. Their genotype-specific gene expression pattern was consistent with the phytoalexin content measured in roots. The biphenyl synthase (BIS) genes were found to be useful as early biomarkers for ARD, because their expression pattern correlated well with the phenotypic reaction of the Malus genotypes investigated.
Background: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketogenesis and leucine degradation due to mutations in HMGCL.
Method: We performed a systematic literature search to identify all published cases. Two hundred eleven patients of whom relevant clinical data were available were included in this analysis. Clinical course, biochemical findings and mutation data are highlighted and discussed. An overview on all published HMGCL variants is provided.
Results: More than 95% of patients presented with acute metabolic decompensation. Most patients manifested within the first year of life, 42.4% already neonatally. Very few individuals remained asymptomatic. The neurologic long-term outcome was favorable with 62.6% of patients showing normal development.
Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all published cases with HMGCLD including a list of all known HMGCL mutations.
Analytische Chemie I
(2019)
Process-dependent thermo-mechanical viscoelastic properties and the corresponding morphology of HDPE extrusion blow molded (EBM) parts were investigated. Evaluation of bulk data showed that flow direction, draw ratio, and mold temperature influence the viscoelastic behavior significantly in certain temperature ranges. Flow induced orientations due to higher draw ratio and higher mold temperature lead to higher crystallinities. To determine the local viscoelastic properties, a new microindentation system was developed by merging indentation with dynamic mechanical analysis. The local process-structure-property relationship of EBM parts showed that the cross-sectional temperature distribution is clearly reflected by local crystallinities and local complex moduli. Additionally, a model to calculate three-dimensional anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion as a function of the process dependent crystallinity was developed based on an elementary volume unit cell with stacked layers of amorphous phase and crystalline lamellae. Good agreement of the predicted thermal expansion coefficients with measured ones was found up to a temperature of 70 °C.
2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (beta-ketothiolase) deficiency: one disease - two pathways
(2019)
Background: 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency (MATD; deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase T2/ “beta-ketothiolase”) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization and isoleucine degradation due to mutations in ACAT1.
Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for all available clinical descriptions of patients with MATD. 244 patients were identified and included in this analysis. Clinical course and biochemical data are presented and discussed.
Results: For 89.6 % of patients at least one acute metabolic decompensation was reported. Age at first symptoms ranged from 2 days to 8 years (median 12 months). More than 82% of patients presented in the first two years of life, while manifestation in the neonatal period was the exception (3.4%). 77.0% (157 of 204 patients) of patients showed normal psychomotor development without neurologic abnormalities.
Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all cases with MATD identified in the literature. It demonstrates that MATD is a rather benign disorder with often favourable outcome, when compared with many other organic acidurias.
Background 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketogenesis and leucine degradation due to mutations in HMGCL .
Method We performed a systematic literature search to identify all published cases. 211 patients of whom relevant clinical data were available were included in this analysis. Clinical course, biochemical findings and mutation data are highlighted and discussed. An overview on all published HMGCL variants is provided.
Results More than 95% of patients presented with acute metabolic decompensation. Most patients manifested within the first year of life, 42.4% already neonatally. Very few individuals remained asymptomatic. The neurologic long-term outcome was favorable with 62.6% of patients showing normal development.
Conclusion This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all published cases with HMGCLD including a list of all known HMGCL mutations.
Pozzolanic properties of Pennisetum purpureum grass ash were tested on Portland cement. Results show that the ash can be blended with cements without compromising binding strength of the cement. It was found that Portland cement could be blended with Pennisetum purpureum up to a ratio of 3:2 compromising compressive strength of mortar.Mortar with lower cement replacement took longer to set as evidenced by lower compressive strength within the 28-day aging time. Mortar with higher cement replacement had lower water absorption capacity, an indication that the test pozzolan was of smaller particulate size. XRF analysis and the FTIR spectrum showed that the ash has a higher content of silica. The XRD pattern of the ash showed that the ash was predominantly amorphous. SEM images showed that the ash produced at 600 o C had residual carbon material.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
(2020)
The complex nature of multifactorial diseases, such as Morbus Alzheimer, has produced a strong need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the involved complementary pathways. We performed a purposive structural modification of a tetratarget small-molecule, that is contilisant, and generated a combinatorial library of 28 substituted chromen-4-ones. The compounds comprise a basic moiety which is linker-connected to the 6-position of the heterocyclic chromenone core. The syntheses were accomplished by Mitsunobu- or Williamson-type ether formations. The resulting library members were evaluated at a panel of seven human enzymes, all of which being involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. A concomitant inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase B, with IC50 values of 5.58 and 7.20 μM, respectively, was achieved with the dual-target 6-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (7).
Bone tissue engineering is an ever-changing, rapidly evolving, and highly interdisciplinary field of study, where scientists try to mimic natural bone structure as closely as possible in order to facilitate bone healing. New insights from cell biology, specifically from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and signaling, lead to new approaches in bone regeneration. Novel scaffold and drug release materials based on polysaccharides gain increasing attention due to their wide availability and good biocompatibility to be used as hydrogels and/or hybrid components for drug release and tissue engineering. This article reviews the current state of the art, recent developments, and future perspectives in polysaccharide-based systems used for bone regeneration.
Synthesis of Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery
(2019)
Gas Chromatography
(2019)
Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most important types of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing chemical organic compounds. Today, gas chromatography is one of the most widespread investigation methods of instrumental analysis. This technique is used in the laboratories of chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries, in research institutes, and also in clinical, environmental, and food and beverage analysis. This book is the outcome of contributions by experts in the field of gas chromatography and includes a short history of gas chromatography, an overview of derivatization methods and sample preparation techniques, a comprehensive study on pyrazole mass spectrometric fragmentation, and a GC/MS/MS method for the determination and quantification of pesticide residues in grape samples.
Scratch assays enable the study of the migration process of an injured adherent cell layer in vitro. An apparatus for the reproducible performance of scratch assays and cell harvesting has been developed that meets the requirements for reproducibility in tests as well as easy handling. The entirely autoclavable setup is divided into a sample translation and a scratching system. The translational system is compatible with standard culture dishes and can be modified to adapt to different cell culture systems, while the scratching system can be adjusted according to angle, normal force, shape, and material to adapt to specific questions and demanding substrates. As a result, a fully functional prototype can be presented. This system enables the creation of reproducible and clear scratch edges with a low scratch border roughness within a monolayer of cells. Moreover, the apparatus allows the collection of the migrated cells after scratching for further molecular biological investigations without the need for a second processing step. For comparison, the mechanical properties of manually performed scratch assays are evaluated.
Due to global ecological and economic challenges that have been correlated to the transition from fossil-based to renewable resources, fundamental studies are being performed worldwide to replace fossil fuel raw materials in plastic production. One aspect of current research is the development of lignin-derived polyols to substitute expensive fossil-based polyol components for polyurethane and polyester production. This article describes the synthesis of bioactive lignin-based polyurethane coatings using unmodified and demethylated Kraft lignins. Demethylation was performed to enhance the reaction selectivity toward polyurethane formation. The antimicrobial activity was tested according to a slightly modified standard test (JIS Z 2801:2010). Besides effects caused by the lignins themselves, triphenylmethane derivatives (brilliant green and crystal violet) were used as additional antimicrobial substances. Results showed increased antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the coating color could be varied from dark brown to green and blue, respectively.
Intact Transition Epitope Mapping - Targeted High-Energy Rupture of Extracted Epitopes (ITEM-THREE)
(2019)
Epitope mapping, which is the identification of antigenic determinants, is essential for the design of novel antibody-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools. ITEM-THREE is a mass spectrometry-based epitope mapping method that can identify epitopes on antigens upon generating an immune complex in electrospray-compatible solutions by adding an antibody of interest to a mixture of peptides from which at least one holds the antibody's epitope. This mixture is nano-electrosprayed without purification. Identification of the epitope peptide is performed within a mass spectrometer that provides an ion mobility cell sandwiched in-between two collision cells and where this ion manipulation setup is flanked by a quadrupole mass analyzer on one side and a time-of-flight mass analyzer on the other side. In a stepwise fashion, immune-complex ions are separated from unbound peptide ions and dissociated to release epitope peptide ions. Immune complex-released peptide ions are separated from antibody ions and fragmented by collision induced dissociation. Epitope-containing peptide fragment ions are recorded, and mass lists are submitted to unsupervised data base search thereby retrieving both, the amino acid sequence of the epitope peptide and the originating antigen. ITEM-THREE was developed with antiTRIM21 and antiRA33 antibodies for which the epitopes were known, subjecting them to mixtures of synthetic peptides of which one contained the respective epitope. ITEM-THREE was then successfully tested with an enzymatic digest of His-tagged recombinant human β-actin and an antiHis-tag antibody, as well as with an enzymatic digest of recombinant human TNFα and an antiTNFα antibody whose epitope was previously unknown.
Healing of large bone defects requires implants or scaffolds that provide structural guidance for cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization. In the present work, an agarose-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was developed that acts not only as a 3D matrix, but also as a release system. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into the agarose gels in situ in various ratios by a simple procedure consisting of precipitation, cooling, washing, and drying. The resulting gels were characterized regarding composition, porosity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A pure phase of carbonated HA was identified in the scaffolds, which had pore sizes of up to several hundred micrometers. Mechanical testing revealed elastic moduli of up to 2.8 MPa for lyophilized composites. MTT testing on Lw35human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds were loaded with model drug compounds for guided hMSC differentiation. Different release kinetic models were evaluated for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and suramin, and data showed a sustained release behavior over four days.
Background: To protect renewable packaging materials against autoxidation and decomposition when substituting harmful synthetic stabilizers with bioactive and bio-based compounds, extracts from Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds were evaluated. The study objectives were to determine the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds in horse chestnut seeds with regard to different seed fractions, improve their extraction, and to evaluate waste reuse. Methods: Different extraction techniques for field samples were evaluated and compared with extracts of industrial waste samples based on total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)). The molecular weight distribution and absorbance in ultraviolet range (UV) of seed coat extracts were determined, and the possibility of extracts containing proanthocyanidins was examined. Results: Seed coat extracts show a remarkable antioxidant activity and a high UV absorbance. Passive extractions are efficient and much less laborious. Applying waste product seed coats leads to a reduced antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and UV absorbance compared to the field sample counterparts. In contrast to peeled seed extracts, all seed coat extracts contain proanthocyanidins. Discussion: Seed coats are a potential source of bioactive compounds, particularly regarding sustainable production and waste reuse. With minimum effort, highly bioactive extracts with high potential as additives can be prepared.
Die Diskussion über Nutzen und Risiken der Biound Gentechnik beherrschte die Jahre von 1998 bis 2001. Die „grüne Gentechnik“ kämpfte auch 1997 gegen wachsende Widerstände. Erst als sich im Jahr 2001 die Medien mit der „roten“ Gentechnik befassten, sank der Anteil kritischer Vorbehalte und stieg die Akzeptanz gegenüber gentechnisch herstellten Medikamenten in der Bevölkerung. Die Entschlüsselung der menschlichen Erbanlage und die Diskussion um das Klonen von Menschen sowie die Forschung mit embryonalen Stammzellen führte neue Aspekte in die öffentliche Diskussion ein. Die Debatte findet seither auf allen politischen Ebenen statt. Im Zusammenhang mit der Genforschung werden in den Medien immer häufiger Moral und Ökonomie gegenübergestellt und gegeneinander abgewogen. In diesem Wirrwarr von unterschiedlichen und häufig auch widerstreitenden Interessen ist es nicht einfach, sich zurechtzufinden und schließlich zu einer eigenen Position zu gelangen. Umso wichtiger ist daher eine nüchterne Darstellung der Sachverhalte.
Lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) provides a sustainable source of components to produce bioenergy, biofuel, and novel biomaterials. Besides hard and soft wood, so-called low-input plants such as Miscanthus are interesting crops to be investigated as potential feedstock for the second generation biorefinery. The status quo regarding the availability and composition of different plants, including grasses and fast-growing trees (i.e., Miscanthus, Paulownia), is reviewed here. The second focus of this review is the potential of multivariate data processing to be used for biomass analysis and quality control. Experimental data obtained by spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), can be processed using computational techniques to characterize the 3D structure and energetic properties of the feedstock building blocks, including complex linkages. Here, we provide a brief summary of recently reported experimental data for structural analysis of LCF biomasses, and give our perspectives on the role of chemometrics in understanding and elucidating on LCF composition and lignin 3D structure.
This study presents a microindentation system which allows spatially resolved local as well as bulk viscoelastic material information to be obtained within one instrument. The microindentation method was merged with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) for a tungsten cone indenter. Three tungsten cone indenters were investigated: tungsten electrode, tungsten electrode + 2% lanthanum, and tungsten electrode + rare earth elements. Only the tungsten electrode + 2% lanthanum indenter showed the sinusoidal response, and its geometry remained unaffected by the repeated indentations. Complex moduli obtained from dynamic microindentation for high-density polyethylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and thermoplastic polyurethane are in agreement with the literature. Additionally, by implementing a specially developed x-y-stage, this study showed that dynamic microindentation with a tungsten cone indenter was an adequate method to determine spatially resolved local viscoelastic surface properties.