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Agiles IT-Controlling
(2022)
Während im IT-Projektmanagement agile Methoden seit vielen Jahren in der Praxis Zuspruch finden, werden im IT-Controlling überwiegend noch klassische Methoden eingesetzt. Der Beitrag untersucht die Fragestellung, ob und wie die im IT-Controlling eingesetzten Methoden auch agilen Paradigmen folgen und Methoden des agilen IT-Projektmanagements adaptiert werden können.
Während sich die unternehmerische Arbeitswelt immer mehr in Richtung Agilität verschiebt, verharrt das IT-Controlling noch in alten, klassischen Strukturen. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Fragestellung, ob und inwieweit agile Ansätze im IT-Controlling eingesetzt werden können. Dieser Beitrag ist eine modifizierte Version des in der Zeitschrift „HMD Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik“ (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1365/s40702-022-00837-0) erschienenen Artikels „Agiles IT-Controlling“.
For most people, using their body to authenticate their identity is an integral part of daily life. From our fingerprints to our facial features, our physical characteristics store the information that identifies us as "us." This biometric information is becoming increasingly vital to the way we access and use technology. As more and more platform operators struggle with traffic from malicious bots on their servers, the burden of proof is on users, only this time they have to prove their very humanity and there is no court or jury to judge, but an invisible algorithmic system. In this paper, we critique the invisibilization of artificial intelligence policing. We argue that this practice obfuscates the underlying process of biometric verification. As a result, the new "invisible" tests leave no room for the user to question whether the process of questioning is even fair or ethical. We challenge this thesis by offering a juxtaposition with the science fiction imagining of the Turing test in Blade Runner to reevaluate the ethical grounds for reverse Turing tests, and we urge the research community to pursue alternative routes of bot identification that are more transparent and responsive.
Technological objects present themselves as necessary, only to become obsolete faster than ever before. This phenomenon has led to a population that experiences a plethora of technological objects and interfaces as they age, which become associated with certain stages of life and disappear thereafter. Noting the expanding body of literature within HCI about appropriation, our work pinpoints an area that needs more attention, “outdated technologies.” In other words, we assert that design practices can profit as much from imaginaries of the future as they can from reassessing artefacts from the past in a critical way. In a two-week fieldwork with 37 HCI students, we gathered an international collection of nostalgic devices from 14 different countries to investigate what memories people still have of older technologies and the ways in which these memories reveal normative and accidental use of technological objects. We found that participants primarily remembered older technologies with positive connotations and shared memories of how they had adapted and appropriated these technologies, rather than normative uses. We refer to this phenomenon as nostalgic reminiscence. In the future, we would like to develop this concept further by discussing how nostalgic reminiscence can be operationalized to stimulate speculative design in the present.
AI (artificial intelligence) systems are increasingly being used in all aspects of our lives, from mundane routines to sensitive decision-making and even creative tasks. Therefore, an appropriate level of trust is required so that users know when to rely on the system and when to override it. While research has looked extensively at fostering trust in human-AI interactions, the lack of standardized procedures for human-AI trust makes it difficult to interpret results and compare across studies. As a result, the fundamental understanding of trust between humans and AI remains fragmented. This workshop invites researchers to revisit existing approaches and work toward a standardized framework for studying AI trust to answer the open questions: (1) What does trust mean between humans and AI in different contexts? (2) How can we create and convey the calibrated level of trust in interactions with AI? And (3) How can we develop a standardized framework to address new challenges?
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heterotrimeric ion channel that plays a key role in sodium and water homeostasis in tetrapod vertebrates. In the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, hormonally controlled ENaC expression matches dietary sodium intake to its excretion. Furthermore, ENaC mediates sodium absorption across the epithelia of the colon, sweat ducts, reproductive tract, and lung. ENaC is a constitutively active ion channel and its expression, membrane abundance, and open probability (PO) are controlled by multiple intracellular and extracellular mediators and mechanisms [9]. Aberrant ENaC regulation is associated with severe human diseases, including hypertension, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary edema, pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, and nephrotic syndrome [9].
IT-Governance, Prüfung & Revision mal agil gedacht! Herausforderungen und Notwendigkeit eines Perspektivwechsels für IT-Governance, Prüfung & Revision viele Fallbeispiele zeigen die praktische Umsetzbarkeit auf Agilität und der Einsatz agiler Methoden sind heute nicht mehr nur auf IT-Projekte begrenzt, sondern prägen zunehmend ganze Organisationen. Dieses Buch zeigt auf, wie sich IT-Governance, Prüfung & Revision erfolgreich dem durch Agilität ausgelösten Wandel stellen können und wie sich der Umgang mit den Kernthemen Risiko & Unsicherheit verändert. Zum einen werden Ansätze für eine agile IT-Governance und eine agile Prüfung & Revision beschrieben, indem sie sich agile Werte und Vorgehensweisen zu eigen machen. Zum anderen werden IT-Governance, Prüfung & Revision befähigt, agile Projekte angemessen steuern und wirksam prüfen zu können.
SLC6A14 (ATB0,+) is unique among SLC proteins in its ability to transport 18 of the 20 proteinogenic (dipolar and cationic) amino acids and naturally occurring and synthetic analogues (including anti-viral prodrugs and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors). SLC6A14 mediates amino acid uptake in multiple cell types where increased expression is associated with pathophysiological conditions including some cancers. Here, we investigated how a key position within the core LeuT-fold structure of SLC6A14 influences substrate specificity. Homology modelling and sequence analysis identified the transmembrane domain 3 residue V128 as equivalent to a position known to influence substrate specificity in distantly related SLC36 and SLC38 amino acid transporters. SLC6A14, with and without V128 mutations, was heterologously expressed and function determined by radiotracer solute uptake and electrophysiological measurement of transporter-associated current. Substituting the amino acid residue occupying the SLC6A14 128 position modified the binding pocket environment and selectively disrupted transport of cationic (but not dipolar) amino acids and related NOS inhibitors. By understanding the molecular basis of amino acid transporter substrate specificity we can improve knowledge of how this multi-functional transporter can be targeted and how the LeuT-fold facilitates such diversity in function among the SLC6 family and other SLC amino acid transporters.
Dienstleister
(2022)
Internationale Patienten
(2022)
Interkulturelles Management
(2022)
Marketingmaßnahmen
(2022)
Process-induced changes in the morphology of biodegradable polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) and polylactic acid (PLA) blends modified with various multifunctional chainextending cross-linkers (CECLs) are presented. The morphology of unmodified and modified films produced with blown film extrusion is examined in an extrusion direction (ED) and a transverse direction (TD). While FTIR analysis showed only small peak shifts indicating that the CECLs modify the molecular weight of the PBAT/PLA blend, SEM investigations of the fracture surfaces of blown extrusion films revealed their significant effect on the morphology formed during the processing. Due to the combined shear and elongation deformation during blown film extrusion, rather spherical PLA islands were partly transformed into long fibrils, which tended to decay to chains of elliptical islands if cooled slowly. The CECL introduction into the blend changed the thickness of the PLA fibrils, modified the interface adhesion, and altered the deformation behavior of the PBAT matrix from brittle to ductile. The results proved that CECLs react selectively with PBAT, PLA, and their interface. Furthermore, the reactions of CECLs with PBAT/PLA induced by the processing depended on the deformation directions (ED and TD), thus resulting in further non-uniformities of blown extrusion films.
(1) Background: Autologous bone is supposed to contain vital cells that might improve the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of this study was to investigate particulate and filtered bone chips collected during oral surgery intervention with respect to their osteogenic potential and the extent of microbial contamination to evaluate its usefulness for jawbone reconstruction prior to implant placement. (2) Methods: Cortical and cortical-cancellous bone chip samples of 84 patients were collected. The stem cell character of outgrowing cells was characterized by expression of CD73, CD90 and CD105, followed by osteogenic differentiation. The degree of bacterial contamination was determined by Gram staining, catalase and oxidase tests and tests to evaluate the genera of the found bacteria (3) Results: Pre-surgical antibiotic treatment of the patients significantly increased viability of the collected bone chip cells. No significant difference in plasticity was observed between cells isolated from the cortical and cortical-cancellous bone chip samples. Thus, both types of bone tissue can be used for jawbone reconstruction. The osteogenic differentiation was independent of the quantity and quality of the detected microorganisms, which comprise the most common bacteria in the oral cavity. (4) Discussion: This study shows that the quality of bone chip-derived stem cells is independent of the donor site and the extent of present common microorganisms, highlighting autologous bone tissue, assessable without additional surgical intervention for the patient, as a useful material for dental implantology.
Recent advances in Natural Language Processing have substantially improved contextualized representations of language. However, the inclusion of factual knowledge, particularly in the biomedical domain, remains challenging. Hence, many Language Models (LMs) are extended by Knowledge Graphs (KGs), but most approaches require entity linking (i.e., explicit alignment between text and KG entities). Inspired by single-stream multimodal Transformers operating on text, image and video data, this thesis proposes the Sophisticated Transformer trained on biomedical text and Knowledge Graphs (STonKGs). STonKGs incorporates a novel multimodal architecture based on a cross encoder that uses the attention mechanism on a concatenation of input sequences derived from text and KG triples, respectively. Over 13 million so-called text-triple pairs, coming from PubMed and assembled using the Integrated Network and Dynamical Reasoning Assembler (INDRA), were used in an unsupervised pre-training procedure to learn representations of biomedical knowledge in STonKGs. By comparing STonKGs to an NLP- and a KG-baseline (operating on either text or KG data) on a benchmark consisting of eight fine-tuning tasks, the proposed knowledge integration method applied in STonKGs was empirically validated. Specifically, on tasks with a comparatively small dataset size and a larger number of classes, STonKGs resulted in considerable performance gains, beating the F1-score of the best baseline by up to 0.083. Both the source code as well as the code used to implement STonKGs are made publicly available so that the proposed method of this thesis can be extended to many other biomedical applications.
MOTIVATION
The majority of biomedical knowledge is stored in structured databases or as unstructured text in scientific publications. This vast amount of information has led to numerous machine learning-based biological applications using either text through natural language processing (NLP) or structured data through knowledge graph embedding models (KGEMs). However, representations based on a single modality are inherently limited.
RESULTS
To generate better representations of biological knowledge, we propose STonKGs, a Sophisticated Transformer trained on biomedical text and Knowledge Graphs (KGs). This multimodal Transformer uses combined input sequences of structured information from KGs and unstructured text data from biomedical literature to learn joint representations in a shared embedding space. First, we pre-trained STonKGs on a knowledge base assembled by the Integrated Network and Dynamical Reasoning Assembler (INDRA) consisting of millions of text-triple pairs extracted from biomedical literature by multiple NLP systems. Then, we benchmarked STonKGs against three baseline models trained on either one of the modalities (i.e., text or KG) across eight different classification tasks, each corresponding to a different biological application. Our results demonstrate that STonKGs outperforms both baselines, especially on the more challenging tasks with respect to the number of classes, improving upon the F1-score of the best baseline by up to 0.084 (i.e., from 0.881 to 0.965). Finally, our pre-trained model as well as the model architecture can be adapted to various other transfer learning applications.
AVAILABILITY
We make the source code and the Python package of STonKGs available at GitHub (https://github.com/stonkgs/stonkgs) and PyPI (https://pypi.org/project/stonkgs/). The pre-trained STonKGs models and the task-specific classification models are respectively available at https://huggingface.co/stonkgs/stonkgs-150k and https://zenodo.org/communities/stonkgs.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ProtSTonKGs: A Sophisticated Transformer Trained on Protein Sequences, Text, and Knowledge Graphs
(2022)
While most approaches individually exploit unstructured data from the biomedical literature or structured data from biomedical knowledge graphs, their union can better exploit the advantages of such approaches, ultimately improving representations of biology. Using multimodal transformers for such purposes can improve performance on context dependent classication tasks, as demonstrated by our previous model, the Sophisticated Transformer Trained on Biomedical Text and Knowledge Graphs (STonKGs). In this work, we introduce ProtSTonKGs, a transformer aimed at learning all-encompassing representations of protein-protein interactions. ProtSTonKGs presents an extension to our previous work by adding textual protein descriptions and amino acid sequences (i.e., structural information) to the text- and knowledge graph-based input sequence used in STonKGs. We benchmark ProtSTonKGs against STonKGs, resulting in improved F1 scores by up to 0.066 (i.e., from 0.204 to 0.270) in several tasks such as predicting protein interactions in several contexts. Our work demonstrates how multimodal transformers can be used to integrate heterogeneous sources of information, paving the foundation for future approaches that use multiple modalities for biomedical applications.
In this paper, modeling of piston and generic type gas compressors for a globally convergent algorithm for solving stationary gas transport problems is carried out. A theoretical analysis of the simulation stability, its practical implementation and verification of convergence on a realistic gas network have been carried out. The relevance of the paper for the topics of the conference is defined by a significance of gas transport networks as an advanced application of simulation and modeling, including the development of novel mathematical and numerical algorithms and methods.
In this paper, an analysis of the error ellipsoid in the space of solutions of stationary gas transport problems is carried out. For this purpose, a Principal Component Analysis of the solution set has been performed. The presence of unstable directions is shown associated with the marginal fulfillment of the resistivity conditions for the equations of compressors and other control elements in gas networks. Practically, the instabilities occur when multiple compressors or regulators try to control pressures or flows in the same part of the network. Such problems can occur, in particular, when the compressors or regulators reach their working limits. Possible ways of resolving instabilities are considered.
The electricity grid of the future will be built on renewable energy sources, which are highly variable and dependent on atmospheric conditions. In power grids with an increasingly high penetration of solar photovoltaics (PV), an accurate knowledge of the incoming solar irradiance is indispensable for grid operation and planning, and reliable irradiance forecasts are thus invaluable for energy system operators. In order to better characterise shortwave solar radiation in time and space, data from PV systems themselves can be used, since the measured power provides information about both irradiance and the optical properties of the atmosphere, in particular the cloud optical depth (COD). Indeed, in the European context with highly variable cloud cover, the cloud fraction and COD are important parameters in determining the irradiance, whereas aerosol effects are only of secondary importance.
Thermo-chemical conversion of cucumber peel waste for biobased energy and chemical production
(2022)
Im Zuge der Migrationsbewegung in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 hat die menschenwürdige Unterbringung von geflüchteten Menschen in Kommunen in Deutschland an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Der Anstieg der Asylbewerber:innen in den Kommunen sowie die Bundesinitiative „Schutz von geflüchteten Menschen in Flüchtlingsunterkünften“ haben Veränderungen im Hinblick auf Schutzstandards in der kommunalen Unterbringung geflüchteter Menschen hervorgerufen. Der Artikel erklärt diese Veränderungen mittels einer akteurszentrierten organisationssoziologischen Herangehensweise. Grundlage sind empirische Forschungsergebnisse des Projektes „Organisational Perspectives on Human Security Standards for Refugees in Germany“ aus zwei deutschen Kommunen.
The cooperation between researchers and practitioners during the different stages of the research process is promoted as it can be of benefit to both society and research supporting processes of ‘transformation’. While acknowledging the important potential of research–practice–collaborations (RPCs), this paper reflects on RPCs from a political-economic perspective to also address potential unintended adverse effects on knowledge generation due to divergent interests, incomplete information or the unequal distribution of resources. Asymmetries between actors may induce distorted and biased knowledge and even help produce or exacerbate existing inequalities. Potential merits and limitations of RPCs, therefore, need to be gauged. Taking RPCs seriously requires paying attention to these possible tensions—both in general and with respect to international development research, in particular: On the one hand, there are attempts to contribute to societal change and ethical concerns of equity at the heart of international development research, and on the other hand, there is the relative risk of encountering asymmetries more likely.
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone metastasis. Peptidomimetics with a cyanohydrazide warhead represent a new class of highly potent CatK inhibitors; however, their binding mechanism is unknown. We investigated two model cyanohydrazide inhibitors with differently positioned warheads: an azadipeptide nitrile Gü1303 and a 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid Gü2602. Crystal structures of their covalent complexes were determined with mature CatK as well as a zymogen-like activation intermediate of CatK. Binding mode analysis, together with quantum chemical calculations, revealed that the extraordinary picomolar potency of Gü2602 is entropically favoured by its conformational flexibility at the nonprimed-primed subsites boundary. Furthermore, we demonstrated by live cell imaging that cyanohydrazides effectively target mature CatK in osteosarcoma cells. Cyanohydrazides also suppressed the maturation of CatK by inhibiting the autoactivation of the CatK zymogen. Our results provide structural insights for the rational design of cyanohydrazide inhibitors of CatK as potential drugs.
Cathepsin K (CatK) is a target for the treatment of osteoporosis, arthritis, and bone metastasis. Peptidomimetics with a cyanohydrazide warhead represent a new class of highly potent CatK inhibitors; however, their binding mechanism is unknown. We investigated two model cyanohydrazide inhibitors with differently positioned warheads: an azadipeptide nitrile Gü1303 and a 3-cyano-3-aza-β-amino acid Gü2602. Crystal structures of their covalent complexes were determined with mature CatK as well as a zymogen-like activation intermediate of CatK. Binding mode analysis, together with quantum chemical calculations, revealed that the extraordinary picomolar potency of Gü2602 is entropically favoured by its conformational flexibility at the nonprimed-primed subsites boundary. Furthermore, we demonstrated by live cell imaging that cyanohydrazides effectively target mature CatK in osteosarcoma cells. Cyanohydrazides also suppressed the maturation of CatK by inhibiting the autoactivation of the CatK zymogen. Our results provide structural insights for the rational design of cyanohydrazide inhibitors of CatK as potential drugs.
Taste is a complex phenomenon that depends on the individual experience and is a matter of collective negotiation and mediation. On the contrary, it is uncommon to include taste and its many facets in everyday design, particularly online shopping for fresh food products. To realize this unused potential, we conducted two Co-Design workshops. Based on the participants’ results in the workshops, we prototyped and evaluated a click-dummy smart-phone app to explore consumers’ needs for digital taste depiction. We found that emphasizing the natural qualities of food products, external reviews, and personalizing features lead to a reflection on the individual taste experience. The self-reflection through our design enables consumers to develop their taste competencies and thus strengthen their autonomy in decision-making. Ultimately, exploring taste as a social experience adds to a broader understanding of taste beyond a sensory phenomenon.
Virtual exchange
(2022)
Hydrophilic surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates were prepared by a combination of TiO2-coatings of aluminium plates through a direct titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) coating and drop coated by synthesised gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Differences between the wettability of the untreated substrates, the slowly dried Ti(OH)4 substrates and calcinated as well as plasma treated TiO2 substrates were analysed by water contact angle (WCA) measurements. The hydrophilic behaviour of the developed substrates helped to improve the distribution of the AuNPs, which reflects in overall higher lateral SERS enhancement. Surface enhancement of the substrates was tested with target molecule rhodamine 6G (R6G) and a fibre-coupled 638 nm Raman spectrometer. Additionally, the morphology of the substrates was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman microscopy. The studies showed a reduced influence of the coffee ring effect on the particle distribution, resulting in a more broadly distributed edge region, which increased the spatial reproducibility of the measured SERS signal in the surface-enhanced Raman mapping measurements on mm scale.
Im Rahmen des 55. Jour Fixe FDM der Landesinitiative fdm.nrw gaben die Mitglieder der Förderlinie FDMScouts.nrw einen Einblick in ihre Zusammenarbeit und stellten die Ergebnisse ihrer bisherigen Arbeit vor. Ziel der Förderlinie ist es, bedarfsgerechte Möglichkeiten zu schaffen, das Thema FDM sowohl strategisch als auch operativ nachhaltig an Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften in NRW zu verankern. 10 Hochschulen in 5 Verbünden arbeiten seit 2020 gemeinsam an Diensten und Angeboten. Koordiniert werden die Aktivitäten von der Landesinitiative fdm.nrw.
Die Originalpräsentation ist über Conceptboard einsehbar: https://app.conceptboard.com/board/c87t-okqh-6utn-74xg-n182
Die Autor*innen sind alphabetisch sortiert und teilen sich die Erstautorschaft.
Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) nimmt im Forschungsalltag der Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) eine zunehmende größere Rolle ein und stellt an viele Forschende bisher unbekannte Anforderungen. So gilt es ein FAIRes und nachhaltiges Datenmanagement im Sinne des Kodex „Leitlinien zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis“ der DFG zu betreiben – für sich selbst, für die eigene Forschungsgruppe und für die Forschungsgemeinschaft. In dieser Veranstaltung anlässlich des Tags der Forschungsdaten in NRW am 15.11.2022 wurden die wesentlichen Grundzüge des Forschungsdatenmanagements anhand des Forschungsdatenlebenszyklus nähergebracht und Praxisbeispiele und nützliche Links vorgestellt.
Im Rahmen der Förderlinie „FDMScouts.nrw“ arbeiten zehn Hochschulen kooperativ an Strukturen und Prozessen für einen nachhaltigen Aufbau des Forschungsdatenmanagements an den betreffenden Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften und Fachhochschulen.
Hierbei ist ausschlaggebend, das Forschungsdatenmanagement zielgerichtet und bedarfsorientiert zu konzipieren und sowohl strategisch als auch operativ zu verankern. Ausgangspunkt dieser Bemühungen bildet daher eine Bedarfserhebung, die bestehende Datenworkflows, Vorwissen und Bedarfe der Forschenden zum FDM erfassen soll. In Abstimmung innerhalb der Förderlinie „FDMScouts.nrw“ wurde der vorliegende Umfragebogen erstellt.
Der Erhebungsbogen basiert auf der Vorlage „Fragenkatalog zur Bedarfserhebung zur Archivierung und Bereitstellung von Forschungsdaten an den rheinland-pfälzischen Universitäten und Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften“ (Lemaire et al. 2022). Darüber hinaus wurden Aspekte aus „UNEKE: Forschungsdatenspeicherung - Praxis und Bedarfe: Online-Survey 2019“ (Brenger et al. 2019) und aus „Anforderungserhebung bei den brandenburgischen Hochschulen“ (Radtke et al. 2020) entnommen. Als weitere Quelle diente der „Interviewleitfaden zur Bestands- und Bedarfserhebung im Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) - Projekt FDM-TUDO“ der TU Dortmund (Kletke et al. 2022).
P30 - Das Elektrospinnen von halbleitenden Zinndioxidfasern für die Detektion von Wasserstoff
(2022)
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung von dünnen keramischen Fasern als halbleitendes Sensormaterial zum Nachweis von Wasserstoff, möglichst bei Zimmertemperatur. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit halbleitender Metalloxide ändert sich durch die Einwirkung von oxidierenden und reduzierenden Gasen auf die Oberfläche des Metalloxids. Dieser Effekt kann zur Messung der Gaskonzentration genutzt werden. Die Reaktion von Zinn(IV)-oxid mit Wasserstoff basiert auf der Reduktion des Zinn(IV)-oxids zum Zinn, wobei die Elektronen des Zinn(IV)-oxids im metallischen Zinn verbleiben und dort im nicht gebundenen Zustand zu einer Leitfähigkeitserhöhung beitragen. Die Reaktion des Wasserstoffes kann sowohl mit den Sauerstoffatomen des Oxids als auch mit adsorbierten Sauerstoffatomen an der Oxidoberfläche stattfinden.[ 6] Da die Reaktionen an der Oberfläche des Oxids stattfinden, sollten Sensoren mit einer großen Oberfläche im Vergleich zu metalloxidischen Bulkmaterialien eine höhere Empfindlichkeit aufweisen. [3] Die Verwendung von Fasern anstelle von Dünn- oder Dickschichten führt dabei zu einer besseren Sensitivität gegenüber Gasen.
Vection underwater
(2022)
Vorwort
(2022)
The accurate forecasting of solar radiation plays an important role for predictive control applications for energy systems with a high share of photovoltaic (PV) energy. Especially off-grid microgrid applications using predictive control applications can benefit from forecasts with a high temporal resolution to address sudden fluctuations of PV-power. However, cloud formation processes and movements are subject to ongoing research. For now-casting applications, all-sky-imagers (ASI) are used to offer an appropriate forecasting for aforementioned application. Recent research aims to achieve these forecasts via deep learning approaches, either as an image segmentation task to generate a DNI forecast through a cloud vectoring approach to translate the DNI to a GHI with ground-based measurement (Fabel et al., 2022; Nouri et al., 2021), or as an end-to-end regression task to generate a GHI forecast directly from the images (Paletta et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2021). While end-to-end regression might be the more attractive approach for off-grid scenarios, literature reports increased performance compared to smart-persistence but do not show satisfactory forecasting patterns (Paletta et al., 2021). This work takes a step back and investigates the possibility to translate ASI-images to current GHI to deploy the neural network as a feature extractor. An ImageNet pre-trained deep learning model is used to achieve such translation on an openly available dataset by the University of California San Diego (Pedro et al., 2019). The images and measurements were collected in Folsom, California. Results show that the neural network can successfully translate ASI-images to GHI for a variety of cloud situations without the need of any external variables. Extending the neural network to a forecasting task also shows promising forecasting patterns, which shows that the neural network extracts both temporal and momentarily features within the images to generate GHI forecasts.
The white ground crater by the Phiale Painter (450–440 BC) exhibited in the “Pietro Griffo” Archaeological Museum in Agrigento (Italy) depicts two scenes from Perseus myth. The vase is of utmost importance to archaeologists because the figures are drawn on a white background with remarkable daintiness and attention to detail. Notwithstanding the white ground ceramics being well documented from an archaeological and historical point of view, doubts concerning the compositions of pigments and binders and the production technique are still unsolved. This kind of vase is a valuable rarity, the use of which is documented in elitist funeral rituals. The study aims to investigate the constituent materials and the execution technique of this magnificent crater. The investigation was carried out using non-destructive and non-invasive techniques in situ. Portable X-ray fluorescence and Fourier-transform total reflection infrared spectroscopy complemented the use of visible and ultraviolet light photography to get an overview and specific information on the vase. The XRF data were used to produce false colour maps showing the location of the various elements detected, using the program SmART_scan. The use of gypsum as the material for the white ground is an important result that deserves to be further investigated in similar vases.
Novel methods for contingency analysis of gas transport networks are presented. They are motivated by the transition of our energy system where hydrogen plays a growing role. The novel methods are based on a specific method for topological reduction and so-called supernodes. Stationary Euler equations with advanced compressor thermodynamics and a gas law allowing for gas compositions with up to 100% hydrogen are used. Several measures and plots support an intuitive comparison and analysis of the results. In particular, it is shown that the newly developed methods can estimate locations and magnitudes of additional capacities (injection, buffering, storage etc.) with a reasonable performance for networks of relevant composition and size.
Introduction: Recovery experiences have thus far been portrayed as experiences that simply “happen” to people. However, recovery can also be understood from a crafting perspective; that is, individuals may proactively shape their work and non-work activities to recover from stress, satisfy their psychological needs, and achieve optimal functioning.
Materials and Methods: In my talk, I will present the theoretical basis of needs-based crafting based on a conceptual review of the literature. Moreover, I will present empirical findings on the validation of a newly developed off-job crafting scale.
Results: In five sub studies, we found that off-job crafting was related to optimal functioning over time. Moreover, the newly developed off-job crafting scale had good convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability.
Conclusions: Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that needs-based crafting can enhance optimal functioning in different life domains and support people in performing their work duties sustainably. Proactive attempts to achieve better recovery through needs satisfaction may be beneficial in an intensified and continually changing and challenging working life. Our line of research provides important avenues for organizational research and practices regarding recovery and needs satisfaction occurring at work and outside work.
Unlimited paid time off policies are currently fashionable and widely discussed by HR professionals around the globe. While on the one hand, paid time off is considered a key benefit by employees and unlimited paid time off policies (UPTO) are seen as a major perk which may help in recruiting and retaining talented employees, on the other hand, early adopters reported that employees took less time off than previously, presumably leading to higher burnout rates. In this conceptual review, we discuss the theoretical and empirical evidence regarding the potential effects of UPTO on leave utilization, well-being and performance outcomes. We start out by defining UPTO and placing it in a historical and international perspective. Next, we discuss the key role of leave utilization in translating UPTO into concrete actions. The core of our article constitutes the description of the effects of UPTO and the two pathways through which these effects are assumed to unfold: autonomy need satisfaction and detrimental social processes. We moreover discuss the boundary conditions which facilitate or inhibit the successful utilization of UPTO on individual, team, and organizational level. In reviewing the literature from different fields and integrating existing theories, we arrive at a conceptual model and five propositions, which can guide future research on UPTO. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical and societal implications of UPTO.
Personal-Information-Management-Systeme (PIMS) gelten als Chance, um die Datensouveränität der Verbraucher zu stärken. Datenschutzbezogene Fragen sind für Verbraucher immer dort relevant, wo sie Verträge und Nutzungsbedingungen mit Diensteanbietern eingehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund diskutiert dieser Beitrag die Potenziale von VRM-Systemen, die nicht nur das Datenmanagement, sondern das gesamte Vertragsmanagement von Verbrauchern unterstützen. Dabei gehen wir der Frage nach, ob diese besser geeignet sind, um Verbraucher zu souveränem Handeln zu befähigen.
Der vorliegende Beitrag setzt sich mit der Bedeutung von Lernorten der beruflichen Bildung im Zuge einer BBNE sowie der diesbezüglichen Kompetenzentwicklung auseinander. Dabei wird entlang des BIBB-Modellversuchs „NAUZUBI“ ein möglicher Ansatz skizziert, der darauf ausgerichtet ist, eine integrative Kompetenzentwicklung in Nachhaltigkeitsthemen zu ermöglichen. Ausgangspunkt sind dabei betriebliche Nachhaltigkeitsaudits, die im vorliegenden Ansatz als kontextualisierte Zugänge für berufliche Lernanlässe dienten. Diese wurden in aufeinander abgestimmten Schritten im betrieblichen und schulischen Lernen reflektiert. Im Beitrag werden das Grundkonzept sowie die entsprechenden Umsetzungserfahrungen beschrieben. Es werden ferner Herausforderungen und Potenziale für das betriebliche, berufsschulische und das lernortkooperative Lernen und damit die integrative Kompetenzentwicklung dargestellt.
Wie kann der wichtige Austausch von Hochschulen und Unfallversicherungsträgern im Bereich Forschung weiterentwickelt werden? Die Hochschule der DGUV (HGU) und die Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (H-BRS) konzipierten ein interaktives Workshop-Format, das diesem strukturierten und kontinuierlichen Austausch von Wissenschaft und Praxis dienen soll.
In this paper, a gas-to-power (GtoP) system for power outages is digitally modeled and experimentally developed. The design includes a solid-state hydrogen storage system composed of TiFeMn as a hydride forming alloy (6.7 kg of alloy in five tanks) and an air-cooled fuel cell (maximum power: 1.6 kW). The hydrogen storage system is charged under room temperature and 40 bar of hydrogen pressure, reaching about 110 g of hydrogen capacity. In an emergency use case of the system, hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell, and the waste heat coming from the exhaust air of the fuel cell is used for the endothermic dehydrogenation reaction of the metal hydride. This GtoP system demonstrates fast, stable, and reliable responses, providing from 149 W to 596 W under different constant as well as dynamic conditions. A comprehensive and novel simulation approach based on a network model is also applied. The developed model is validated under static and dynamic power load scenarios, demonstrating excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Jet engines of airplanes are designed such that in some components damage occurs and accumulates in service without being critical up to a certain level of damage. Since maintenance, repair, and component exchange are very cost-intensive, it is necessary to predict efficiently the component lifetime with high accuracy. A former developed lifetime model, based on interpolated results of aerodynamic and structural mechanics simulations, uses material parameters estimated from literature values of standard creep experiments. For improved accuracy, an experimental procedure is developed for the characterization of the short-time creep behavior, which is relevant for the operation of turbine blades of jet engines. To consider microstructural influences resulting from the manufacturing of thin-walled single crystal turbine blades, small-scale specimens from used turbine blades are extracted and tested in short- and medium-time creep experiments. Based on experimental results and literature values, a creep model, which describes the fracture behavior for a wide range of creep loads, is calibrated and is now used for the lifetime prediction of turbine blades under real loading conditions.
Contextual information is widely considered for NLP and knowledge discovery in life sciences since it highly influences the exact meaning of natural language. The scientific challenge is not only to extract such context data, but also to store this data for further query and discovery approaches. Classical approaches use RDF triple stores, which have serious limitations. Here, we propose a multiple step knowledge graph approach using labeled property graphs based on polyglot persistence systems to utilize context data for context mining, graph queries, knowledge discovery and extraction. We introduce the graph-theoretic foundation for a general context concept within semantic networks and show a proof of concept based on biomedical literature and text mining. Our test system contains a knowledge graph derived from the entirety of PubMed and SCAIView data and is enriched with text mining data and domain-specific language data using Biological Expression Language. Here, context is a more general concept than annotations. This dense graph has more than 71M nodes and 850M relationships. We discuss the impact of this novel approach with 27 real-world use cases represented by graph queries. Storing and querying a giant knowledge graph as a labeled property graph is still a technological challenge. Here, we demonstrate how our data model is able to support the understanding and interpretation of biomedical data. We present several real-world use cases that utilize our massive, generated knowledge graph derived from PubMed data and enriched with additional contextual data. Finally, we show a working example in context of biologically relevant information using SCAIView.
Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) umfasst alle Aktivitäten, die mit der Planung, Erhebung, Aufbereitung, Speicherung, Archivierung und Veröffentlichung von Forschungsdaten verbunden sind. Hierbei sind sowohl generische als auch fachspezifische Aspekte zu berücksichtigen; außerdem müssen rechtliche und technische Gesichtspunkte beachtet werden. Dies erfordert ein umfangreiches Serviceportfolio – von Information und Sensibilisierung über Beratung und Koordination bis hin zu IT-Infrastrukturen.
Mit der Förderlinie FDMScouts.nrw unterstützen das Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen und die Digitale Hochschule NRW (DH.NRW) im Rahmen der landesweiten Digitalisierungsoffensive fünf Hochschulverbünde bei der nachhaltigen Verankerung des Themas FDM auf strategischer und operativer Ebene. Dabei werden sie inhaltlich und organisatorisch von der Landesinitiative fdm.nrw begleitet. Die hieraus resultierenden Impulse für den bedarfsgerechten Auf- und Ausbau von Kontaktstellen, Kompetenzen und Kapazitäten zum FDM sollen über die Verbünde hinaus auch anderen interessierten Hochschulen für angewandte Wissenschaften (HAW) und Fachhochschulen (FH) zugutekommen.
Das vorliegende Poster zeigt die Handlungsfelder und die einzelnen Aktivitäten, die im Rahmen der Förderlinie FDMScouts.nrw im ersten Förderjahr bereits begonnen bzw. umgesetzt wurden. Dieses Poster wurde in vergleichbarer Form auf der Jahrestagung der Digitalen Hochschule NRW am 14. und 15. September 2021 präsentiert.
Der Befall mit schädlichen Pilzen führt im Weinbau zu Ertragseinbusen sowie zu ökonomischen und ökologischen Belastungen durch den präventiven Einsatz von Fungiziden. Diese könnten durch eine Früherkennung des Befalls verringert werden. Das Projekt vinoLAS® soll die kontaktlose Früherkennung des falschen Mehltaus, einer wichtigen schädlichen Pilzart im Weinbau, ermöglichen. Dabei sollen Methoden der laserinduzierten Fluoreszenzspektroskopie verwendet werden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Detektionsmodul zur Analyse des laserinduziertem Fluoreszenzlichts in vier spektralen Kanälen entwickelt.
Die Anforderungen an das Detektionsmodul werden festgelegt und die Entwicklung erläutert. Das System lässt sich in einen optischen und elektronischen Aufbau teilen. Das Verhalten des elektronische Aufbaus wird anhand umfangreicher Messungen bestimmt und mit den Anforderungen verglichen. Es wird mit dem optischen Aufbau zu einem Gesamtsystem kombiniert. Mit diesem werden Messungen im vinoLAS® Laboraufbau durchgeführt, welche zur Verifikation mit einer Referenzmessung verglichen werden.
Die Messungen zum elektronischen Aufbau zeigen, dass alle gestellten Anforderungen erfüllt und teilweise übertroffen werden. Das entstandene Gated-Integrator System ist mit einem, deutlich teureren, kommerziellen Gated-Integrator vergleichbar, bietet dabei aber doppelt so viele Kanäle und ein 44% geringeres Rauschen. Mit der Diskussion der Messdaten werden außerdem Ansätze vorgestellt, die eine kostengünstige weiter Verbesserung des elektronischen Systems ermöglichen.
Die Messungen mit dem Gesamtsystem zeigen eine qualitative Übereinstimmung mit der Referenzmessung, es sind jedoch noch quantitative Abweichungen vorhanden, die weiter untersucht werden müssen. Außerdem zeigt sich, dass die Qualität der Messdaten durch eine Schwankung der Laserfrequenz stark eingeschränkt wird. Eine leicht implementierbare und kostengünstige Lösung für dieses Problem wird jedoch vorgestellt.
Nach Umsetzung der beiden Verbesserungsvorschläge kann das System in den vinoLAS® Aufbau integriert werden und so eine kontaktlose Früherkennung von falschem Mehltau in Weinreben ermöglichen.
In (dynamic) adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) an input mesh is refined or coarsened to the need of the numerical application. This refinement happens with no respect to the originally meshed domain and is therefore limited to the geometrical accuracy of the original input mesh. We presented a novel approach to equip this input mesh with additional geometry information, to allow refinement and high-order cells based on the geometry of the original domain. We already showed a limited implementation of this algorithm. Now we evaluate this prototype with a numerical application and we prove its influence on the accuracy of certain numerical results. To be as practical as possible, we implement the ability to import meshes generated by Gmsh and equip them with the needed geometry information. Furthermore, we improve the mapping algorithm, which maps the geometry information of the boundary of a cell into the cell's volume. With these preliminary steps done, we use out new approach in a simulation of the advection of a concentration along the boundary of a sphere shell and past the boundary of a rotating cylinder. We evaluate the accuracy of our approach in comparison to the conventional refinement of cells to answer our research question: How does the performance and accuracy of the hexahedral curved domain AMR algorithm compare to linear AMR when solving the advection equation with the linear finite volume method? To answer this question, we show the influence of curved AMR on our simulation results and see, that it is even able to outperform far finer linear meshes in terms of accuracy. We also see that the current implementation of this approach is too slow for practical usage. We can therefore prove the benefits of curved AMR in certain, geometry-related application scenarios and show possible improvements to make it more feasible and practical in the future.
The latest trends in inverse rendering techniques for reconstruction use neural networks to learn 3D representations as neural fields. NeRF-based techniques fit multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to a set of training images to estimate a radiance field which can then be rendered from any virtual camera by means of volume rendering algorithms. Major drawbacks of these representations are the lack of well-defined surfaces and non-interactive rendering times, as wide and deep MLPs must be queried millions of times per single frame. These limitations have recently been singularly overcome, but managing to accomplish this simultaneously opens up new use cases. We present KiloNeuS, a new neural object representation that can be rendered in path-traced scenes at interactive frame rates. KiloNeuS enables the simulation of realistic light interactions between neural and classic primitives in shared scenes, and it demonstrably performs in real-time with plenty of room for future optimizations and extensions.
While many proteins are known clients of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), it is unclear whether the transcription factor, thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRb), interacts with Hsp90 to control hormonal perception and signaling. Higher Hsp90 expression in mouse fibroblasts was elicited by the addition of triiodothyronine (T3). T3 bound to Hsp90 and enhanced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding of Hsp90 due to a specific binding site for T3, as identified by molecular docking experiments. The binding of TRb to Hsp90 was prevented by T3 or by the thyroid mimetic sobetirome. Purified recombinant TRb trapped Hsp90 from cell lysate or purified Hsp90 in pull-down experiments. The affinity of Hsp90 for TRb was 124 nM. Furthermore, T3 induced the release of bound TRb from Hsp90, which was shown by streptavidin-conjugated quantum dot (SAv-QD) masking assay. The data indicate that the T3 interaction with TRb and Hsp90 may be an amplifier of the cellular stress response by blocking Hsp90 activity.
Microarray-based experiments revealed that thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) enhanced the binding of Cy5-labeled ATP on heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90). By molecular docking experiments with T3 on Hsp90, we identified a T3 binding site (TBS) near the ATP binding site on Hsp90. A synthetic peptide encoding HHHHHHRIKEIVKKHSQFIGYPITLFVEKE derived from the TBS on Hsp90 showed, in MST experiments, the binding of T3 at an EC50 of 50 μM. The binding motif can influence the activity of Hsp90 by hindering ATP accessibility or the release of ADP.
Qualität der Qualitätsprüfung: Testberichte im klassischen und modernen Videospieljournalismus
(2022)
Die Hochzeit des gedruckten Videospieljournalismus um die Jahrtausendwende ist vorüber. Seit über 15 Jahren sind die verkauften Auflagen der klassischen Videospielzeitschriften wie Gamestar oder PC Games rückläufig. Andere Magazine wurden zwischenzeitlich aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen eingestellt, darunter PC Action oder auch der einstige Marktführer Computer Bild Spiele. Trotzdem entwickelte sich eine journalistische Gegenbewegung, die Kieron Gillen im Jahr 2004 in seinem Manifest "The New Games Journalism" begründete. Es entstanden in Deutschland Videospielzeitschriften wie GAIN oder WASD, deren Berichterstattung Videospiele weniger als Produkt, sondern zunehmend als künstlerisches Objekt wahrnehmen und sie in einen gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Kontext einordnen.
Ungeachtet dessen erfolgt in den Redaktionen eine technische und inhaltliche Sichtung der Videospiele, die dem Publikum als Testbericht präsentiert wird. Da es sich dabei aus historischer Perspektive um den Kerninhalt von Videospielzeitschriften handelt, soll dieser als Analysegegenstand dieser Arbeit dienen und ein Indiz für die Qualität der Magazine als Ganzes sein. Mit Blick auf die unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen im Videospieljournalismus soll folgende Frage beantwortet werden: Verfügen moderne Videospielzeitschriften über eine höhere Qualität als klassische Magazine? Dazu erfolgt eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Testberichte und ein Vergleich mit etablierten Qualitätsmerkmalen aus dem allgemeinen Journalismus, ebenso wie dem Fach-, Nutzwert- und Videospieljournalismus.
Auswirkungen einer anhaltenden, inflationären Geldpolitik in der Eurozone auf den privaten Sparer
(2022)
Die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit setzt sich kritisch mit den Auswirkungen einer anhaltenden, inflationären Geldpolitik in der Eurozone auf den privaten Sparer auseinander. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird aufgezeigt, wie die starke Erhöhung der Geldmenge Einfluss auf die Möglichkeiten und Entscheidungen des Sparers hat und wie weit eine solche Geldpolitik mit den Interessen des Sparers vereinbar ist.
Dieses Buch zeigt konkret auf, was Geschäftsprozessmanagement ist und wie man es nutzen kann. Hierzu werden die zentralen Aspekte erklärt und praxistaugliche Tools anhand von Beispielen vorgestellt. Erleichtern Sie sich die tägliche Praxis der Analyse und Optimierung von Geschäftsprozessen! Der Inhalt Durchgängiges Fallbeispiel Überblick über praxisrelevante Modellierungsmethoden Modellierung von Prozesslandkarten, Swimlanes, BPMN- und eEPK-Diagrammen Analyse und Optimierung von Prozessen Prozesscontrolling mit Kennzahlen
Digitaltechnik
(2022)
Moderne Digitaltechnik, umfassend und kompakt: Dieses Lehr- und Übungsbuch spannt den Bogen von den Grundlagen der Digitaltechnik über den Entwurf mit VHDL und Komponenten digitaler Systeme bis zu modernen Mikrocontrollern der STM32-Serie.
Die 8. Auflage wurde aktualisiert und die Themenbereiche Mikroprozessoren und Mikrocontroller grundlegend überarbeitet.
Composite nanoparticles (NPs) consisting of lignin and different polysaccharide (PS) derivatives were prepared. In this synergistic approach, the PS derivative acts as biocompatible matrix that forms spherical NPs while lignin is a functional compound with therapeutic potential (e.g., antioxidative, antimicrobial, antiviral). Organosolv lignin and three different PS derivatives (cellulose acetate/CA, cellulose acetate phthalate/CAPh, xylan phenyl carbonate/XPC) were used in this study. Nanocomposites with particle sizes in the range of about 200–550 nm containing both types of biopolymers are accessible by dialysis of organic PS/lignin solutions against water. In particular, XPC and CAPh, which both contain aromatic substituents, were found to be suitable for incorporation of lignin within the PS nanomatrix. The present work paves the way for future studies in which the pharmaceutical potential and biocompatibility of composite NPs of lignin and PS derivatives with tailored properties are investigated.
Entspannung im Arbeitsalltag – Einsatz von Mentalsystemen für die betriebliche Gesundheitsförderung
(2022)
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, health education programs and workplace health promotion (WHP) could only be offered under difficult conditions, if at all. In Germany for example, mandatory lockdowns, working from home, and physical distancing have led to a sharp decline in expenditure on prevention and health promotion from 2019 to 2020. At the same time, the pandemic has negatively affected many people’s mental health. Therefore, our goal was to examine audiovisual stimulation as a possible measure in the context of WHP, because its usage is contact-free, time flexible, and offers, additionally, voice-guided health education programs. In an online survey following a cross-sectional single case study design with 393 study participants, we examined the associations between audiovisual stimulation and mental health, work engagement, and burnout. Using multiple regression analyses, we could identify positive associations between audiovisual stimulation and mental health, burnout, and work engagement. However, longitudinal data are needed to further investigate causal mechanisms between mental health and the use of audiovisual stimulation. Nevertheless, especially with regard to the pandemic, audiovisual stimulation may represent a promising measure for improving mental health at the workplace.
The backdated research dedicated to digital entrepreneurship education is immense, which makes it difficult to create an overview. Conversely, forward-thinking bibliometric visualization mapping and clustering can assist in visualizing and structuring difficult research literature. Hence, the goal of this mapping visualization study is to thoroughly discover and create clusters of EE to convey a taxonomic structure that can oblige as a basis for upcoming research. The analyzed data, which is drawn from Google Scholar through Publish or Perish tool, contain 1000 documents published between 2007 and 2022. This taxonomy should generate stronger bonds with digital entrepreneurial education research; on the other, it should stand in international research association to boost both interdisciplinary digital entrepreneurial education and its influence on a universal basis. This work strengthens student’s understanding of current digital entrepreneurial education research by classifying and decontaminating the most powerful knowledgeable relationship among its contributions and contributors. The bibliographic analysis includes ‘citation network’, ‘author’s research area’ and ‘paper content’ regarding the desired topic. In this paper, the above three mentioned terms are integrated which produces a bibliographic model of authors, titles of their papers, keywords and abstract by using Harzing’s Publish or Perish tool for extracting data from Google Scholar and further using VOSViewer to visualize networking map of co-authorship and term co-occurrence to administer the data for an instinctive and appropriate understanding of university students concerning ‘digital entrepreneurial intention’ research. This paper uses bibliometric analysis to analyze the keyword co-occurrence and co-authorship and VOSViewer is used for visualization.