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Interkulturelles Management
(2017)
Klar und verständlich stellt dieses Buch die wesentlichen Rahmenbedingungen und Instrumente des internationalen Managementhandelns dar. Diese treten in der Unternehmenspraxis z. B. in der Führung und Zusammenarbeit von Mitarbeitern unterschiedlicher Kulturen oder im internationalen Projektmanagement auf. Darüber hinaus eröffnet das Werk Perspektiven, die Erfahrungen im internationalen Managementhandeln auf andere Kulturunterschiede im Unternehmen – und damit nutzbare Diversity-Potenziale – zu übertragen.
This study deals with the in-situ detection of volume fractions of melt in labradorite and basalt at 0.3 GPa pressure and temperatures ranging from 400–1500 °C. Methods used were frequency dependent electrical conductivity (EC) and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX). These techniques allowed melt fraction determination under in-situ pressure and temperature conditions, while optical analysis (SEM) was performed on quenched samples. EC allowed detecting melt frac- tions as low as 0.03 due to changes in dielectric properties. Increasing melt fractions caused the formerly isolated melt bubbles to interconnect along grain boundaries, thus increasing the bulk conductivity. Electrical conductivity thus provides a measure for both, the formation of melt (dielectric property) and the degree of interconnection of melt (bulk conductivity). Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction experiments (EDX) provided an additional measure for the volume fraction of melt. EDX diffraction data were used to calculate the volume fraction of melt on the basis of the peak to background ratio. In a final step the experimental data (SEM, EC, EDX) were compared with geometric models of melt distribution, namely the Archie-, cube-, tube-, Hashin-Shtrikman HS + and HS - model. The electrical "polarisability" data closely fit the HS + model, while bulk conductivity data were found to be less sensitive for melt fraction detection.
Infection Exposure Promotes ETV6-RUNX1 Precursor B-cell Leukemia via Impaired H3K4 Demethylases
(2017)
ETV6-RUNX1 is associated with the most common subtype of childhood leukemia. As few ETV6-RUNX1 carriers develop precursor B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (pB-ALL), the underlying genetic basis for development of full-blown leukemia remains to be identified, but the appearance of leukemia cases in time-space clusters keeps infection as a potential causal factor. Here we present in vivo genetic evidence mechanistically connecting preleukemic ETV6-RUNX1 expression in hematopoetic stem cells/peripheral cells (HSC/PC) and postnatal infections for human-like pB-ALL. In our model, ETV6-RUNX1 conferred a low risk of developing pB-ALL after exposure to common pathogens, corroborating the low incidence observed in humans. Murine preleukemic ETV6-RUNX1 pro/preB cells showed high Rag1/2 expression, known for human ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL. Murine and human ETV6-RUNX1 pB-ALL revealed recurrent genomic alterations, with a relevant proportion affecting genes of the lysine demethylase (KDM) family. KDM5C loss-of-function resulted in increased levels of H3K4me3, which co-precipitated with RAG2 in a human cell line model, laying the molecular basis for recombination activity. We conclude that alterations of KDM family members represent a disease-driving mechanism and an explanation for RAG off-target cleavage observed in humans. Our results explain the genetic basis for clonal evolution of an ETV6-RUNX1 preleukemic clone to pB-ALL after infection exposure and offer the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches.
In today’s business, culture plays a vital role or to a high degree influences the attitude, perception and decision making process of an individual. Culture is an unavoidable state of rules and regulations that defines people’s daily life in a particular environment or society. There are plenty examples of business failures or stagnation or failure of joint ventures, on account of the management's inability to recognize cross-cultural challenges and tackle them appropriately.
Sie leiten ein heterogenes oder agiles Team und merken, dass Sie bisherige Führungsgrundsätze überdenken müssen? In diesem Spotlight erfahren Sie, wie Sie mit dem Wandel zur Agilität und mit Diversity in Ihrem Team umgehen können. Sie erhalten Unterstützung beim Thema Delegieren oder wenn Sie sich mit widersprüchlichen Führungszielen konfrontiert sehen. Außerdem zeigen Ihnen unsere Autoren mit direkt einsetzbaren Tipps, wie Sie wertschätzend führen sowie für Verbindlichkeit und ein gemeinsames Verständnis im Projektteam sorgen.
OpenDaylight (ODL) is a commercial, collaborative, open-source platform to accelerate the adoption and innovation of Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Visualization. This paper describes the novel ODL architecture in a simplified way to grasp a better understanding of such architecture. ODL architecture intends to foster new innovation and accelerate adoption of programming the network. The innovation of Model-Driven Service Abstraction Layer (MD-SAL) in the architecture leads to developing models for automatic management and configuration of the networks. MD-SAL provides ODL with the ability to support any protocol talking to the network elements as well as any network application. The flexibility inherent in ODL architecture could enable ODL to shape the next generation networks.
This study sought to determine the relationship between entrepreneurial education and youth employability and economic development in Kenya. A descriptive cross sectional design was used to collect data, with the main data collection instrument being a semi structured questionnaire. The population of the study comprised the micro, small and medium scale enterprises in Nairobi, Kenya. Out of the 100 questionnaires issued, 93 were completed and returned giving a response rate of 93%. Descriptive analysis (means and standard deviations ) and inferential analysis was used to analyze the data. Regression and correlation analysis was done to test the hypotheses. It was found that several indicators of entrepreneurial education had a significantly positive influence on youth employability. For example, entrepreneurial education enhances opportunity recognition as an indicator of entrepreneurial education was statistically significantly correlated with the statement that entrepreneurship endeavor is an employment alternative as an indicator of youth employability (r = 331**, P = 0.01). Similarly, the statement that entrepreneurial education sharpens competitiveness had a significantly positive influence on the statement that entrepreneurship endevour is an employment alternative (r =.313** P = 0.01). The overall model for entrepreneurial education and youth employability had an R Square value of 0.151, and an F value of 3.086, (p = 0.013 < 0.05), indicating that the influence is significant at the 0.05 level. The study found that most indicators of youth employability had a significantly positive correlation with indicators of economic development. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between entrepreneurial education enhances new product and service development and entrepreneurial education reduces youth unemployment (r =0.304**, P = 0.01), while entrepreneurial education enhances new product and service development also has a positive correlation with entrepreneurial education reduces youth unemployment (.304** , P = 0.01). The overall model for youth employability and economic development had an R square value of .087 and F value of 2.103, p =0.87 > 0.05, indication that although youth employability is responsible for 8.7% of economic development, the effect is not statistically significant. The implication for this is that entrepreneurial education should be encouraged as a way of enhancing entrepreneurial thinking among the youth, so that they can use this to venture into self employment. However, this study did not find a significant direct link between youth employability and economic development, and this can only be implied. We suggest increased government support for entrepreneurship training and for closer industry university collaboration and partnerships in order to accelerate economic development.
Access to affordable energy - for basic needs as well as for national economic development - is a crucial concern for developing countries. Access to modern and sustainable energy services in rural areas, where the majority of the population is living in poverty, is a particularly urgent challenge, and one which has been recognized as crucial within the global development agenda.
The current dominant development model, focused on achieving macro-economic growth, gives priority to large-scale or centralized energy infrastructures for national growth or for meeting the urban demand. Rural areas of poorer countries are often at a disadvantage in terms of access to all types of services – roads, health facilities, markets, information and clean water. The high cost of providing these services in remote areas has led to new approaches being tried, based on self-help and the private sector rather than traditional government-led solutions. The missing access to electricity is primarily the reason for the poor operational environment of entrepreneurship especially in rural areas of developing countries, which poses many barriers to their development and limits their competitiveness. Energy services for household, agriculture and production serve as best examples as sectors exposed to enable entrepreneurship by productive use of renewable energy.
This paper describes the line-up, the challenges and the outcome of a development project in rural Ethiopia to support entrepreneurship based on the usage of renewable energy, in this case mainly photo-voltaic technology. In particular, this study tries to show up key features which are required to enable sustainable energy access and foster implementation challenges of developed business models in practice. Based on this experience, the paper discusses implications and lessons learned for a further development.
The non-farm sector is critical for the socio-economic development of Ghana especially the rural poor. Literature suggest that people engage in non-farm enterprises as a way out of poverty or a survival strategy, perhaps as a substitute for the landless. This paper analyses the determinants of individual participation in non-farm enterprises and the intensity of participation. The paper uses EGC/ISSER Socio-Economic Panel Survey data collected in 2009. The paper estimated the determinants of participation using a probit model and then estimated the intensity of participation using a truncated regression model. The results indicate that majority of women (about 73%) are engaged in non-farm enterprises in rural Ghana. The study found that females tended to participate more in non-farm self-employment and are less likely to participate in non-farm wage employment. The results further showed that individual characteristics such as the gender of the individual, being head of a household, being the spouse of a household head, having formal education, age of the individual, having access to credit, possessing a mobile phone, per capita landing holding and ownership of livestock influenced the participation of individuals in self-and wage employment. Results from truncated regression model for self-employed enterprises showed that having access to mobile phones, owning more livestock and electricity are important in determining the intensity of participation in self-employed enterprises. For wage-employment, being a household head, spouse of household head, having access to mobile phone and owning more livestock increased the number of days working on wage employment. Education is relevant for employment in the non-farm sector especially wage-employment. Government should play a lead role in making formal education accessible to the rural people. Deliberate policies should focus on addressing critical factors such as access to credit, mobile phone, electricity and education which are relevant for increasing participation intensity in rural enterprises.
Over the past decades, growing trends in social media, e-literacy and globalisation have led to the increased use of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) in offices, schools, homes, hospitals and other institutions. Although, there are more efforts at introducing diversity, innovation and increased use of EEE, there had been limited effort at managing the end?of?life of these electronic devices. Evidence from previous research showed that the management of the end of life of electronic waste is highly dominated by Micro, Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in the informal sector who employ more crude technology in their operations. This exploratory study therefore, sought to examine the activities of corporate bodies and MSMEs (formal and informal) in the e-waste sector in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolitan Areas in Ghana. Data was collected via questionnaires and interview from randomly selected respondents in the two metropolises. Results reveal that even though corporate institutions import a lot of electrical and electronic equipment, they do not have any policies on disposal of the e-waste generated. Thus, a high percentage of the e-waste generated is processed by the informal sector. The implications of the results are that policy makers and other stakeholders should encourage MSMEs to formalize their activities, support investment and green business development as well as funding and training for MSMEs operating in the sector.
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are engine of economy both for developed and developing countries. They play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality. In Burundi, key stakeholders such as policy-makers as well as other international and national actors have made more effort to develop the segment of SMEs. Indeed, many start-ups have been created but are however, exposed to several challenges in their business operations. This paper aimed at investigating main critical barriers to SMEs growth and development in Burundi. The research was based upon a sample survey of small firms in Burundi and 314 small enterprises were surveyed. Rural start-ups’ critical barriers identified are mainly poor management, lack of access to market flow, lack of working capital, inadequate qualified workforce and low selling prices. On the other hand, five severe obstacles for urban SMEs identified are insecurity, access to financing, macroeconomic situation, lack of customers and unfair competition. A better understanding of all these barriers that SMEs are facing is useful to set up best strategies susceptible to increase their growth.
Entrepreneurship education serves a conduit for new venture creation as it provides the knowledge and skills needed to increase the self-efficacy of individuals to start and run new businesses and to grow existing ones. This study, therefore, sought to assess the relationship between the approaches to the teaching of entrepreneur-ship and entrepreneurial intention on a cohort of 292 respondents consisting of students who have studied entrepreneurship in three selected Universities. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain data randomly from students. The canonical correlation results indicate that education for and through entrepreneurship is the best approach to promoting entrepreneurial intensity among University students, if the aim of teaching entrepreneur-ship is to promote start-up activities. The findings provide valuable insights for institutions of higher learning and policy makers in Ghana with respect to the appropriate methodologies to be adopted in the teaching of entrepreneurship in our universities.
Media development cooperation has aimed for decades at enhancing free and independent media in developing countries as well as economies in transition. Within this field of activity, the concept of media viability has gained more and more attention in recent years. This is mainly due to a proposal of UNESCO`s intergovernmental Bureau of the International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC). The UNESCO, in partnership with DW Akademie, has drafted a list of indicators that delineate the influencing factors of media viability for media organizations in any given country (UNESCO 2015).
As a consequence of the novelty of the media viability concept, the state of scientific research is restricted. It is frequently focused on isolated case studies without providing a scientific basis for comparison. Empirical studies and comparative analyses are limited to certain media sectors such as the print market, as well as for journalism startups and spin-offs in developed economies.
Ressourcenschutz im Fokus
(2017)
We present a new interface for interactive comparisons of more than two alternative documents in the context of a generative design system that uses generative data-flow networks defined via directed acyclic graphs. To better show differences between such networks, we emphasize added, deleted, (un)changed nodes and edges. We emphasize differences in the output as well as parameters using highlighting and enable post-hoc merging of the state of a parameter across a selected set of alternatives. To minimize visual clutter, we introduce new difference visualizations for selected nodes and alternatives using additive and subtractive encodings, which improve readability and keep visual clutter low. We analyzed similarities in networks from a set of alternative designs produced by architecture students and found that the number of similarities outweighs the differences, which motivates use of subtractive encoding. We ran a user study to evaluate the two main proposed difference visualization encodings and found that they are equally effective.
I. Einleitung II. Soziale Sicherung als Bestandteil entwicklungspolitischer Agenden – Eine internationale Perspektive III. Internationale Politikdiffusion und nationaler Politikwandel – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen IV. Die Rolle internationaler Politikdiffusion für den Wandel sozialer Sicherungssysteme – Empirische Evidenz V. Schlussfolgerungen
Blended Learning Set up of the Master Programme "Analysis and Design of Social Protection Systems"
(2017)
The master's programme "Analysis and Design of Social Protection Systems" is a newly designed programme. The international Master’s programme is aimed at students who wish to deal with social security systems and who are also interested in intercultural exchange. The on-campus and online phases provide students with the opportunity to develop an international network, while facilitating the combination of studies and professional engagement.
The aim of this thesis is to investigate and optimize the camera system which is used for Filtered Rayleigh Scattering (FRS) measurement systems. Theoretical considerations about the integration of interference filters explain state-of-the-art accuracy limitations. Based on that promising modifications of the established FRS system are presented: test results indicate that frequency fringes - artifacts distorting FRS scans - are minimized by positioning the spectral bandpass filter between camera and first lens. As a tradeoff, the signal level decreases by 70 % to 75% depending on the beam path through the molecular filter. Furthermore, reference measurements without a bandpass filter account for a non-negligible iodine fluorescence background of about 1% of typical signal levels. All things considered following these results FRS systems can now be systematically optimized towards specific measurement tasks.
Softwarenutzung im Umbruch: Von der Software-Lizenz zum Cloudbasierten Business Process Outsourcing
(2017)
Tracelets and Specifications
(2017)
In the accompanying paper [1] the authors study a model of concurrent programs in terms of events and a dependence relation, i.e., a set of arrows, between them. There also two simplifying interface models are presented; they abstract in different ways from the intricate network of internal points and arrows of program components. This report supplements [1] by presenting full proofs for the properties of the interface models, in particular, that both models exhibit homomorphic behaviour w.r.t. sequential and concurrent composition. [1] B. Möller, C.A.R. Hoare, M.E. Müller, G. Struth: A discrete geometric model of concurrent program execution. In H. Zhu, J. Bowen: Proc. UTP 16. LNCS 10134. Springer 2017, 1-25
A trace of the execution of a concurrent object-oriented program can be displayed in two-dimensions as a diagram of a non-metric finite geometry. The actions of a programs are represented by points, its objects and threads by vertical lines, its transactions by horizontal lines, its communications and resource sharing by sloping arrows, and its partial traces by rectangular figures.
Big Data für Entscheider
(2017)
Andreas Gadatsch und Holm Landrock zeigen an typischen Beispielen aus der Praxis, wie datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle entstehen. Sie erläutern, wie sich Big-Data-Projekte rechnen und wie man am einfachsten an die Analyse großer Datenmengen herangeht. Eine Bewertung der zentralen Aspekte von Projekten und der dort eingesetzten Technologien erleichtert den Lesern die tägliche Praxis im IT-Management. Die Autoren stellen Hadoop als eine der wichtigen Big-Data-Technologien vor.
Das Buch schlägt die Brücke zwischen den betriebswirtschaftlich-organisatorischen Methoden und deren IT-gestützter Umsetzung. Prozessmanagement heißt Gestaltung betrieblicher Aufgaben. Neben methodischen Grundlagen bietet das Werk Praxisbeispiele und Übungen. Das Buch von Prof. Gadatsch gilt mittlerweile als der "aktuelle Klassiker", DAS maßgebliche Standardwerk zur IT-gestützten Gestaltung von Geschäftsprozessen.Die achte Auflage wurde vollständig überarbeitet und an die Anforderungen der Digitalisierung angepasst. Das Werk deckt den gesamten „Business Process Management Life-Cycle“ ab. Es behandelt die Entwicklung und das Controlling der Prozessstrategie, die fachliche Modellierung der Prozesse sowie die Unterstützung des Prozessmanagements durch Informationssysteme.
IT-Sicherheit
(2017)
Andreas Gadatsch und Markus Mangiapane erläutern zentrale Aspekte der Digitalisierung und der IT-Sicherheit, ohne die digitale Geschäftsmodelle und -prozesse nicht realisierbar sind. Die Autoren möchten den Leser für aktuelle Trends im Informationsmanagement und deren Auswirkungen auf IT-Sicherheit sensibilisieren. Wenn man von jedem Punkt der Welt aus einen Prozess nutzen kann, so kann man ihm auch jederzeit von jedem Ort aus schaden, ihn stoppen, verändern oder Daten manipulieren. IT-Sicherheit ist daher die Grundlage zur Realisierung digitaler Prozesse. (Verlagsangaben)
Andreas Gadatsch schließt mit dem vorliegenden essential eine Lücke in einführenden Werken zur Datenmodellierung. Diese Modelle gehören zum Basiswissen einführender Lehrveranstaltungen zur Wirtschaftsinformatik für Betriebswirte. Die Literatur dazu ist für diese Zielgruppe häufig zu speziell, da sie sich eher an Informatiker richtet. Der Autor bietet hier nun eine kompakte Einführung anhand eines durchgängigen Fallbeispiels in die klassische CHEN-Notation, auf der viele neue Modellierungsansätze aufbauen. Der Inhalt Die Datenmodellierung - vom Konzept zur Datenbank Erstellung von Fachkonzepten mit dem Entity-Relationship-Modell Erstellung von IT-Konzepten mit dem relationalen Datenmodell Implementierung von Datenmodellen in Datenbanksystemen Die Zielgruppen Dozierende und Studierende der BWL, angehende IT-Systemkaufleute und Fachinformatikerinnen und -informatiker (IHK), die im Rahmen von Studium bzw. Ausbildung eine Einführungsveranstaltung in die Wirtschaftsinformatik besuchen.
Glücksspielregulierung
(2017)
Der Glücksspielstaatsvertrag (GlüStV) 2012 ist am 1. Juli 2012 in 14 Bundesländern in Kraft getreten; in Nordrhein-Westfalen gilt er seit dem 1. Dezember 2012, in Schleswig-Holstein seit dem 8. Februar 2013. Da eine abschließende Gesetzgebungskompetenz des Bundes für das Glücksspielrecht insgesamt nicht existiert, treten neben die hauptsächlich, aber nicht ausschließlich landesrechtlichen Regeln des Wirtschaftsverwaltungsrechts auch Bundesgesetze etwa im Straf-, Steuer- und Wettbewerbsrecht.
Selbstlokalisation eines Mikroflugsystems mit Laserscannern zur 3D-Kartierung von Innenräumen
(2017)
In der Bachelorarbeit Selbstlokalisation eines Mikroflugsystems mit Laserscannern zur 3D-Kartierung von Innenräumen wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, welches die Position eines Flugroboters in Abhängigkeit aller sechs Freiheitsgrade darstellen kann. Mithilfe von zwei Laserscannern werden zeitgleich dreidimensionale Karten der Umgebung erstellt. Zur Ermittlung der Bewegung des Flugroboters auf der horizontalen Ebene wird Hector SLAM verwendet. Um zusätzlich Höheninformationen zu erhalten, werden zwei verschiedene Verfahren implementiert: Das erste Verfahren misst die Höhe direkt mithilfe eines Laserscanners, das zweite Verfahren nutzt Hector SLAM zur Ermittlung der Höheninformationen aus der vertikalen Scanebene.
Controlling und Leadership
(2017)
Nach der aktuellen Managementliteratur reicht es nicht mehr aus, ein Unternehmen „nur“ zu führen. Von Führungskräften wird heute auch „Leadership“ verlangt und somit Eigenschaften wie Berufung, Vision und Entscheidungsfreude, die über das Beherrschen von mechanistischen Führungstechniken hinausgehen. Der Manager kontrolliert, verwaltet und rationalisiert, während der Leader vertraut, inspiriert und innoviert. Im Fokus stehen die folgenden Fragen: Ist der ideale CFO eher methodischer Manager als visionärer Business Leader? Erfordern Familienunternehmen eher innovatives Financial Leadership und börsennotierte Konzerne und öffentliche Unternehmen eher instrumentelles Finanzmanagement? Geben Industrie 4.0, Big Data und Business Intelligence sowie Controlling-Shared-Services zukünftig Raum für mehr Leadership? Wie verändert dies die zukünftigen Aufgaben und notwendigen Kompetenzen von Controllern?
Controlling und Leadership: Überlegungen im Kontext der Unternehmensnachfolge in Familienunternehmen
(2017)
This article analyzes how humanitarian and/or development organizations acting as intermediaries between scientists and vulnerable populations aim to make environmental changes visible while trying to meet local needs and demands for sustainable livelihoods. Based on an in-depth organizational case study in Southern Thailand, the research analyses the use of visualization tools to foster environmental knowledge and literacy while supporting both policymaking as well as citizen engagement. Drawing on insights from sociology of organizations, the study discusses the organizational reasons for the use of visualization tools, outlining the underlying coercive, mimetic and normative pressures that facilitate their proliferation in the context of environmental communication. The results show that both the participatory approach as well as the use of audiovisual and digital tools to communicate project goals and results have become indispensable and institutionalized tools in the organizational field of humanitarian and development aid. In this context, organizations have become intermediaries and translators between ‘climate risk’ scientists and ‘at risk’ people, thus, facilitating environmental communication. The results show that questions of trust and ownership of ideas play an important role in the context of livelihood related projects linked to climate change adaptation. In this context, not only does the style and content of communication, but also the relationship between the parties who communicate, have an impact upon the success or failure of managing options in climate change adaptation.
Usable Security – Benutzerfreundliche Sicherheitsfunktionen für Software und interaktive Produkte
(2017)
Sowohl im geschäftlichen wie im privaten Umfeld müssen Software, Apps und vernetzte Technikprodukte mit Sicherheitsfunktionen ausgestattet sein, die auch für Laien und Gelegenheitsnutzer verständlich und benutzbar sind. Im Umgang mit sensiblen Daten können sich diese Produkte ansonsten schnell als Risiko entpuppen, etwa wenn Sicherheitsmechanismen aufgrund mangelnder Usability von den Nutzern falsch oder überhaupt nicht bedient werden. Der Begriff „Usable Security“ bezeichnet ein Qualitätsmerkmal bzw. einen Entwicklungsansatz für Sicherheitskomponenten von Software und technischen Produkten, in dessen Zentrum der Benutzer steht. Dieser Beitrag soll als Einführung in das Thema Usable Security dienen und zugleich für die Probleme bei der Entwicklung gebrauchstauglicher Sicherheitsfunktionen sensibilisieren. Er ist Teil einer Serie von insgesamt drei Artikeln. Die folgenden zwei Beiträge vertiefen spezifische Themen im Kontext der Entwicklung von Sicherheitsfunktionen auf Grundlage von Muster lösungen (Patterns) und der Ausgestaltung von Warnhinweisen.
„Big Data“, „Industrie 4.0“ und „Digitalisierung“ sind in aller Munde und das nicht nur als Heilsbringer. Der „Jobkiller Digitalisierung“ führt in vielen Branchen und auch im Controlling zu einem potenziellen Ersatz des Menschen. Glaubt man diesen düsteren Szenarien, so übernehmen Algorithmen zukünftig weitgehend die Steuerung der Geschäftsprozesse. Der Manager entscheidet allein auf Basis der Informationen, die in Echtzeit automatisch auf sein Handy übermittelt werden. Den Controller sucht man in diesen Prognosen vergeblich.
Die gesättigten Konsumgütermärkte zwingen Handel und Hersteller der Fleischbranche immer wieder zur Suche nach neuen ausreichend großen Nischen, um Wachstum zu generieren. Nach Bio, Regionalität und Veggie könnte Halal die nächste sein. Eine persönliche Befragung von 900 Muslimen vorwiegend türkischer Abstammung beleuchtet die Hintergründe.
Enterprises demand universities not to limit education to theoretical knowledge, but instead, to prepare students for future challenges in the job. While demanding a focus on current technologies and practices appears reasonable, it contradicts academia’s general focus on sustainable knowledge. This “conflict-ofinterest” can be bridged through extra-curricular professional training. MOOCs are hyped as solution because they allow to simultaneously addressing masses of students. However, with the increasing number of learners, anonymity in education increases and first-level support decreases. Within the extracurricular online program erp4students we found that individual support is considered most relevant to successfully complete professional training.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-conference proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Smart Card Research and Advanced Applications, CARDIS 2016, held in Cannes, France, in November 2016. The 15 revised full papers presented in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. The focus of the conference was on all aspects of the design, development, deployment, validation, and application of smart cards or smart personal devices.
Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Effizienz der Seitenkanal-Kryptanalyse. In Teil II dieser Arbeit demonstrieren wir, wie die Laufzeit der wichtigsten Analysewerkzeuge mit Hilfe der CUDA Plattform erheblich gesteigert werden kann. Zweitens untersuchen wir neue Ansätze der profilierenden Seitenkanal-Kryptanalyse. Der Forschungszweig des maschinellen Lernens kann für deutliche Verbesserungen adaptiert werden, wurde jedoch wenig dahingehend untersucht. In Teil III dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir zwei neue Methoden, die einige Gemeinsamkeiten jedoch auch einige Unterschiede aufbieten, sodass sich Prüfergebnisse in einem vollständigeren Bild zeigen lassen. Darüber hinaus schlagen wir in Teil IV eine Seitenkanalanwendung zum Schutz geistigen Eigentums (IP) vor. In Teil V beschäftigen wir uns tiefergehend mit praktischer Seitenkanal-Kryptanalyse, indem wir Attacken auf einen Sicherheitsmikrokontroller durchführen, der Anwendung in einer, in Deutschland weit verbreiteten, EC Karte findet.
This study aims to highlight the significance of social protection as an autonomous strategy for migration policies and research. It focuses particularly on the German strategies for combating the causes of flight and migration. By managing migration flows, stabilizing societies and encouraging economic development, social protection can play an important role in reducing migration flows. At the same time, social protection can act as a stabilizer in the countries of origin and accelerate economic growth as well as supporting individual decisions to return to the countries of origin.
Die Frage, in welcher Umgebung Informationskompetenz in Hochschulbibliotheken erworben wird und wie sich die Gestaltung der Räumlichkeiten auf den Lernprozess auswirken kann, hat bisher in der Forschung wenig Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. Dieser Fragestellung geht die vorliegende Bachelorarbeit nach. Die Leitfrage lautet dabei: Wie kann die Gestaltung von Hochschulbibliotheksräumen den Erwerb von Informationskompetenz fördern?
"Bad usability equals no customer" – Mit diesem Zitat bringt Jakob Nielsen die große Bedeutung guter Usability auf den Punkt. Auch wenn Nielsen kommerzielle Unternehmen im Auge hat, so lässt sich auch für Bibliotheken die Relevanz ihres Webauftritts für den Kontakt zu ihren Benutzern oder potentiellen Benutzern nicht leugnen. In diesem Artikel soll dargestellt werden, wie Bibliotheken mit Hilfe von Usability-Tests die Schwächen ihres Webauftritts ermitteln können.
Biomass in general, wood and grasses in particular represent attractive renewable sources for the fabrication of so-called building block chemicals (1). Thus, environmentally benign antimicrobial nanoparticles based on a silver-infused lignin core were recently reported underlying the high potential for valorization of lignin (2). The contribution presents specific correlations regarding the structural differences of lignins depending on both: source (wood vs. grass) and isolation procedure (Kraft vs. Organosolv). Special focus will be drawn on detailed structure deviations caused by Miscanthus genotypes (M. gigantheus, M. robustus, M. sisnensis).
Kommentierung zu § 29 BDSG
(2017)
Damit IT-gestützte Produkte und Systeme vor unbefugter oder missbräuchlicher Nutzung wirksam geschützt sind, müssen sie mit Sicherheitsfunktionen ausgestattet sein, die benutzerfreundlich sind. Hierfür sind seitens der Entwickler sowohl Security- als auch Usability-Kenntnisse erforderlich. Da insbesondere Entwickler in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) oft nicht über tiefer gehende Kenntnisse in beiden Bereichen verfügen, bedürfen sie einer Unterstützung, z. B. in Form geeigneter Methoden und Werkzeuge. In diesem Beitrag werden ein Lösungsweg und eine Werkzeugsammlung vorgestellt, die Entwicklern in KMU dabei helfen, auf systematische Weise digitale Produkte und Systeme mit dem Qualitätsmerkmal Usable Security herzustellen.
Usable security puts the users into the center of cyber security developments. Software developers are a very specific user group in this respect, since their points of contact with security are application programming interfaces (APIs). In contrast to APIs providing functionalities of other domains than security, security APIs are not approachable by habitual means. Learning by doing exploration exercises is not well supported. Reasons for this range from missing documentation, tutorials and examples to lacking tools and impenetrable APIs, that makes this complex matter accessible. In this paper we study what abstraction level of security APIs is more suitable to meet common developers’ needs and expectations. For this purpose, we firstly define the term security API. Following this definition, we introduce a classification of security APIs according to their abstraction level. We then adopted this classification in two studies. In one we gathered the current coverage of the distinct classes by the standard set of security functionality provided by popular software development kits. The other study has been an online questionnaire in which we asked 55 software developers about their experiences and opinion in respect of integrating security mechanisms into their coding projects. Our findings emphasize that the right abstraction level of a security API is one important aspect to consider in usable security API design that has not been addressed much so far.
Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen – Benutzerzentrierte Entwurfsansätze der Usable Security-Forschung
(2017)
Der dritte und letzte Teil der Artikel-Serie in dieser Ausgabe zum Thema Usable Security zeigt exemplarisch, wie Softwareentwickler mit den im Rahmen des USecureD-Projekts entwickelten Werkzeugen arbeiten können. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich dabei auf Prinzipien, Richtlinien und Patterns, die bei der Ausgestaltung gebrauchstauglicher Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen berücksichtigt werden sollten. Anhand dieser sehr ubiquitären Bestandteile eines jeden digitalen Produkts kann anschaulich gezeigt werden, wie aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Usable Security praxisnah für Softwarearchitekturen und Programmierer verfügbar und anwendbar gemacht werden können.
Wie im Artikel „Usable Security – benutzerfreundliche Sicherheitsfunktionen für Software und interaktive Produkte“ in diesem Heft bereits herausgestellt wurde, gibt es einen hohen bedarf an gebrauchstauglichen sicherheitskomponenten in der softwarebranche.1 Dies bedeutet für softwarearchitekten und Programmierer, dass sie das neue Qualitätsmerkmal Usable Security vermehrt berücksichtigen und umsetzen müssen. seit Mai 2015 werden daher im Rahmen des Projekts usecureD („usable security by Design“, siehe Kasten in schmitt et. al (2016)) Methoden und Werkzeuge für softwareentwickler entworfen und umgesetzt, die bei der entwicklung von digitalen Artefakten mit dem Qualitätsmerkmal Usable Security unterstützen.
Forschen, forschen und nochmal forschen: Genau das haben sich Hartmut Schmitt, Peter Nehren, Luigi Lo Iacono und Peter Leo Gorski in diesem shortcut zur Aufgabe gemacht. In fünf Kapiteln stellen sie die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojekts "USecureD - Usable Security by Design" vor und unterstützen damit Softwareentwickler bei der systematischen Entwicklung von Produkten mit dem Qualititäsmerkmal "Usable Security". Forschen Sie selbst ein wenig mit und lernen Sie alles zu spannenden Anwendungsmöglichketen, Werkzeugen, Testplattformen und Entscheidungshilfen.
En el siguiente trabajo se presentan las diferentes alternativas tecnológicas que brindarán soporte para las comunicaciones en el Proyecto Campo Conectado, priorizando el bajo consumo y mantenimiento. Esta plataforma de transmisión proveerá la conectividad necesaria para la recolección y envío de los datos requeridos por los productores agropecuarios, con el fin de mejorar la gestión de los procesos productivos y comerciales. Se comenta además los orígenes del proyecto y los actores involucrados en el mismo, destacándose el trabajo interinstitucional e interdisciplinar que se lleva a cabo.
In Africa slowly but steadily a transformation is taking place in the management styles of enterprises. There is a trend towards more precise time management, more precision in dealing with increasingly sophisticated technology, more feedback from the bottom to the top in order to manage the processes properly, more professionalism and independence of the individual worker.
This contribution makes two points: first, neither cultures nor the so-called mental states of individuals are ever static, but always on the move. Second, the force of passion and inspiration by which particular cultural values are endorsed in a particular context makes all the difference in their impact.
The importance of these two propositions comes to the fore, if the concept of an “economic culture” is taken into consideration. The claim of the authors is that the ongoing cultural transformation can be better understood in the dynamic approach of cultural values as proposed here.
Entrepreneurship Development and New Business Challenges and Prospects for Ghanaian Entrepreneurs’
(2017)
This paper presents a framework for formulating strategies for business start-ups within the context of small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in diverse industries. Using Ghana as a case study, it addresses how to increase entrepreneurs’ success rate in business ventures in developing countries. The objective of the study is to identify avenues through which entrepreneurs could address the challenges they face, and to take advantage of the emerging opportunities in the domestic and global business environments. The questions addressed are, what challenges face Ghanaian entrepreneurs’ new business start-ups and existing SME’s in developing countries? How could these challenges be addressed appropriately to make the private sector the engine of growth in Ghana’s economy? The methodology is based on the qualitative approach, involving interviews to achieve the study’s objectives. Four main themes emerged as challenges faced by the entrepreneurs business start-ups and operations which include the following: Funding availability & accessibility; Lack of planning, Skilled labour & proper management skills; Lack of competitiveness, technology innovation & customer loyalty; and finally, Legal & regulatory framework & social factors. Recommendations for entrepreneurs, policy makers, and scholars are discussed in the study.
Examining the Effect of Corruption and Bureaucracy on SMEs Growth in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana
(2017)
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are considered a seed-bed of entrepreneurship and innovation in most emerging economies; nevertheless, SMEs sometimes lack an enabling business climate, which hinders their potential growth. This paper examines the effect of corruption and bureaucracy on SMEs growth in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. The study was a quantitative research, and convenience sampling method was employed to select 373 owners/managers as respondents for the study. Employing questionnaire as its main data collection instrument, the study used Gretl version 3.0 Statistical Software for the analysis of data collected. The results of the study revealed that 1% increase in corruption in the SMEs sector leads to 36.12% decline in SMEs growth (sales and employment), and 1% increase in bureaucracy leads to 28.76% decrease in the growth of SMEs. An interesting outcome of the study was that the excessive bureaucratic bottlenecks in the SMEs sector are implied by corruption. We, therefore, conclude that there is a significant negative relationship between corruption and bureaucracy and SMEs growth. It is, therefore, recommended that the government takes a giant-step to fight corruption in the SMEs sector by ensuring transparency and accountability of public officials and also streamline its systems and activities in the sector to reduce the excessive administrative barriers. The present study adds substantial value to the body of research on SMEs as it is the first research to have considered the joint effect of corruption and bureaucracy on SMEs growth in an emerging economy like Ghana.
Gender disproportions have been part and parcel of most African cultures since time immemorial. Demographically, women are over a half population in most of the African countries but their participation in sectors of socio-economic and political spheres have remained inadequately represented. The enduring and biased beliefs on gender roles that view women much less important as compared to men are what forms the basis of concern to the welfare of women and most importantly the women entrepreneurs. This study reveals the long-standing cultural practices that have contributed to gender inequality and goes further to demystify areas in which women have continually experienced inequality and thus affecting their entrepreneurial spirit. Through the desk research methodology, it can be deduced that the following are key areas that pause a threat to women socio-economic and political development and hence the inequality being experienced even today in the twenty first century: harmful marriage, female genital mutilation, wife inheritance and HIV scourge, access to land including land rights and right to property, over-emphasizing patriarchal system of family, and gender violence. These factors compounded together, have resulted for unfortunate experiences that have been witnessed in the education sector, political participation, participation in policy making, gender division of labour and inaccess to credit facility. These experiences have severely thwarted entrepreneurial growth of women. The study therefore recommends that there is imperative need for a paradigm shift in these areas to ensure women are not only liberated and empowered but also their full participation in the entrepreneurship activities are highly strengthened and promoted.
Climate change is having drastic effects on various areas of the planet, including extreme impacts on weather and rainfall, in various Sub-Saharan East African countries (Hendrix, C. S., & Glaser, S. M. (2007). The willingness (and need) of a niche market to actively improve the damaged ecosystems in small ways is rising. Weaver and Lawton (2007, p 1170) maintain that ecotourism should satisfy three core criteria: "(1) attractions should be predominantly nature-based; (2) visitor interactions with those attractions should be focused on learning or education, and (3) experience and product management should follow principles and practices associated with ecological, socio-cultural and economic sustainability." In this study, the niche market of active German "tree-planters" is to be defined and the potential willingness to travel to, learn from and invest in the ecosystem through tree-planting, specifically in Kenya, is explored.
This study sought to contribute to knowledge by assessing the moderating effect of industry forces on the relationship between linkage strategies and performance of universities in Kenya. Porter’s five forces model and Resource Based View (RBV) are the main theories anchoring the study. Cross-Sectional survey was adopted as the research design. The population of the study consists of sixtyfive (65) public and private universities incorporated in Kenya. Out of this, a sample of forty seven (47) universities which had undergone at least one graduation cycle was taken. Primary and secondary data was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and review of existing university documents and regulatory bodies websites respectively. The instrument was tested for reliability and found fit. Analysis was undertaken using correlation and regression analyses to test hypotheses. Analysis of variance was also used to determine the differences between group means. Coefficient of variation (C.V) was also used to measure variability and consistency in scores of different universities when standard deviation and arithmetic means are compared. Out of the targeted forty seven (47) respondents from forty seven (47) universities, a total of forty four (44) questionnaires were returned, representing 94% response rate. It was established that there is a moderating effect of industry forces on the relationship between linkage strategies and organizational performance. The results provided rich implications for theory, policy and practice. The significance of industry forces in strategy formulation and implementation requires concentrated attention. The findings offer insights to university authorities and policy makers by answering the question on the influence of industry forces on performance of higher learning institutions. The key recommendation that the study offers to the stakeholders, is the need to consider industry forces as critical determinants during strategy formulation and implementation process in order to enhance university performance. The main limitation of this study is that primary data was collected from only one respondent per university but common methods bias was mitigated through the use of additional secondary data to validate primary data. Thus, the limitation did not affect the credence of the results as presented and discussed. Secondly, although it was not possible to include all the determinants of institutional performance, balanced score card was appropriately used to represent financial and non-financial aspects that constitute performance indicators.
This paper focuses on entrepreneurship and private sector development in Ghana with regard to the government’s initiative towards supporting private sector development through the Microfinance & Small Loans Centre (MASLOC) and the National Board for Small Scale Industries (NBSSI) initiatives to support new and existing small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) in diverse industries. The study addresses some of the main problems facing the two government-sponsored initiatives and issues with accessing venture capital for business start-ups in Ghana. The objective of the study is to identify possible strategies through which the MASLOC and NBSSI could be improved to serve the needs of their customers more effectively and efficiently. Enhancing the performance of these public organizations could offer many SMEs in Ghana take advantage of the new opportunities in the domestic and global business environments. The questions to be addressed are; to what extent do the activities of the NBSSI and MASLOC meet the needs of SMEs in Ghana? What challenges are associated with their services and how can management of the two organizations address the challenges they face more appropriately? The methodology is based on the qualitative and quantitative approaches, involving interviews and the administration of questionnaires and surveys to achieve the study’s objectives and goals. Based on the identified challenges, the study concludes with findings and recommendations for the management of NBSSI and MASLOC as well as entrepreneurs engaged in different SMEs in diverse industries and policy makers.
Forschung@H-BRS
(2017)
Die Hochschule präsentiert mit ihrer neuen Broschüre "Forschung@H-BRS" ausgewählte Projekte von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern aus den Instituten und Fachbereichen in einem ansprechenden Format. Hochschulpräsident Harmtut Ihne blickt zu Anfang der Broschüre auf den Stand der anwendungsorientierten Forschung an der Hochschule und in Deutschland.
Ghanaian tertiary graduates' perception of entrepreneurship education on employment opportunities
(2017)
This study focuses on whether entrepreneurship education increases entrepreneurial interest in students to set up new businesses. Entrepreneurship is a core course taken in the third year by all students of Ho Technical University. Out of the 1329 population of level 300 students of the 2016/2017 academic year, data were collected by convenience sampling from 325 (217 males and 108 females) with mean age of 24.75 years from 14 departments of four faculties. The students responded to 43-survey items derived from reviewed literature on a 5-Point Likert-Scale. It is concluded that more than 84% of the respondents agreed that entrepreneurship education informed students about entrepreneurship through the acquisition of practical skills, knowledge about acquisition of personal orientation, knowledge about business management principles and the availability of entrepreneurial support agencies. This shows that the students are highly confident of setting up their own businesses through the knowledge acquired. The study therefore has important implications for policy makers, management of tertiary institutions, students and educational evaluators on how to ensure that tertiary graduates set up entrepreneurship ventures in order to partially solve the unemployment problem in Ghana.
ICT integration by universities teaching professionals is emerging as a major concern, this study demonstrate the need to address the integration problem by encouraging existing metrics use in indexing ICT integration as an ICT governance strategy. Quality of integration depends on quality indexing which also depend on quality of existing metrics and their use. Considering the role that University Information Technology Teaching Professionals’ (UITTPs) continuous improvement indexing can offer, towards autonomic governance of the continuous emerging ICTs in the university teaching, this study examined extent in use of existing ICT integration metrics to index ICT integration by the UITTPs. Six metrics for ICT integration were investigated; time, workshop course content relevance, technical malfunctions, support conditions, support services, and motivation and commitment to student learning and staff professional development metrics. Descriptive survey design was used in which interviews were conducted to UITTPs in three (3) public and three (3) private purposively selected universities in Kenya. The findings were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using Kendall’s correlation of concordance and tested using Chi-square on the extent of concordance and presented with help of frequency tables, figures and percentages. The findings revealed that all the metrics are rarely used for indexing ICT integration (32.8%), and most UITTPs were in discordance on this level of all the six metrics use except for support condition. This implied that the use of metrics for indexing integration has not been formalized across the Kenyan universities. Universities need to be encouraged to identify suitable metrics, formalize them and improve their frequency in use. Secondly, socio based metrics such as content relevance are used more frequently for indexing integration as compared to Technical metrics, socio-technical metrics balance therefore need to be emphasized by the universities management when determining and using metrics for indexing ICT integration.
Experiential Learning through the Transformational Incubation Programme: a Ghanaian case study
(2017)
This paper explores experiential learning theory (ELT) from a case study describing the Transformational Incubation Programme for Coventry University Alumni in Ghana. The incubator represents a collaboration between Coventry University and British Council Ghana. The aim of the programme is to embed a blended, experiential learning approach to practice-based entrepreneurship education via an incubator designed to support scalable business start-up and growth. world venture creation, business development and acceleration. The paper offers a generic framework for Transformational entrepreneurship experiential learning in this context. The incubator offers an opportunity to engage with practice-oriented and experience based learning applied to real.
With trainings and research oriented towards sustainable development since 2006 (Water and Sanitation, Infrastructure, Renewable Energies and Energy Processes), Foundation 2iE is positioning itself as a reference institute that trains innovative engineers-entrepreneurs for the needs and challenges of Africa’s development. Center of Excellence of the UEMOA and the World Bank, CSR is at the heart of the Strategy of the institute which aims to be a showcase in this field in Africa.
Over the years, entrepreneurship has proven to be one of the key roles towards development. The cycle of business start-ups and growth are linked to the socio-economic benefits of the global world at large. With a growing world population of over 7billion people, the existence of universities (both public &private) as well as enterprises has increased globally in the 21st century. The mission and purpose behind Universities, Entrepreneurship and Enterprises thrive on development in the areas of capacity building, skill acquisition, training and knowledge amongst others. Africa alone has a population of over 1.2billion people with about 650 recognized universities and over 140,000 registered businesses (enterprises) in Ghana alone. A case study in Ghana reveals three key drivers towards entrepreneurship and the role university education has played in various business establishments. The drivers are problem statements, resources and research findings. Some of these notions to business include the management of risk, research findings and customer relationship. These are major features that need critical attention and play a role in business and entrepreneurship in Africa. A major success in business and entrepreneurship is the utilization of the human resource population and the lifeline support given to households in terms of income, while a barrier being the limited access to credit support from the financial companies at the inception stages. In conclusion, this conference should develop a practical book guide on business start-ups and entrepreneurship knowledge to be used at the various universities in Africa to enhance development.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Insektenabwehrvorrichtung (1) zur Abwehr kriechender Insekten (2) umfassend eine Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) zur Erzeugung einer Abwehrspannung sowie umfassend zumindest zwei nebeneinander angeordnete und beabstandet zueinander verlaufende blanke elektrische Leiter (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), die derart mit der Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) verbunden sind, dass die Abwehrspannung zwischen ihnen liegt. Die elektrischen Leiter sind als flache Leiterbahnen (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) auf oder in der Oberfläche eines gemeinsamen Trägers (12, 13, 50, 60) ausgebildet, so dass ein Insekt (2) bei einem Berühren der Leiterbahnen (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) einen elektrischen Schlag erhält.
Dare – Democracy and Science
(2017)
Wissen für die Wirtschaft
(2017)
Es gehörte zum Gründungsauftrag der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft zusammenzubringen und gemeinsam Neues zu entwickeln. Die hier vorgestellte Broschüre ist vor allem als Anregung gedacht: Sie zeigt, welche Erfolge aus einer Zusammenarbeit erwachsen und erleichtert es Unternehmen, den ersten Schritt hin zu einer Kooperation mit der H-BRS zu gehen.
Die allgemeine Konnotation von Technik mit Männlichkeit hat Auswirkungen auf die Berufswahlentscheidungen und das Technikverständnis von jungen Frauen. Nur gut 22 Prozent aller Studierenden in den Ingenieurswissenschaften waren 2014 in Deutschland weiblich (vgl. MonitorING)1. Seit Jahren wird versucht, diese Zahlen nach oben zu korrigieren, indem man Programme für Mädchen und junge Frauen anbietet, die erste Kontakte zu technischen Arbeitsfeldern her stellen. Auch für bereits berufstätige Ingenieurinnen gibt es zahlreiche Förderprogramme, um den Drop-out hochqualiizierter Frauen auf der Karriere leiter zu verhindern. Dennoch verändern sich die prozentualen Anteile von Frauen in ingenieurswissenschaftlichen Studiengängen und Berufen kaum. Aktuelle Studien belegen, dass vor allem kulturell bedingte Erwartungen und Einstellungen hierfür verantwortlich sind (vgl. Paulitz 2012).