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Development and Validation of a Rapid and Reliable Method for TPMT Genotyping using real-time PCR (2012)

Lorenz, Marion ; Weise, Alexander ; Prause, Stefan ; Klemm, Marco ; Eidens, Moritz ; Luchi, Massimiliano ; Forst, Thomas ; Pftzner, Andreas ; Weber, Matthias M.

Raman Spectroscopy in Tandem with Chemometric Methods for the Characterization and Analysis of Quality and Shelf Life of Poultry Meat (2020)

Jaafreh, Sawsan

Discrimination and classification of eight strains related to meat spoilage microorganisms commonly found in poultry meat were successfully carried out using two dispersive Raman spectrometers (Microscope and Portable Fiber-Optic systems) in combination with chemometric methods. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Multi-Class Support Vector Machines (MC-SVM) were applied to develop discrimination and classification models. These models were certified using validation data sets which were successfully assigned to the correct bacterial genera and even to the right strain. The discrimination of bacteria down to the strain level was performed for the pre-processed spectral data using a 3-stage model based on PCA. The spectral features and differences among the species on which the discrimination was based were clarified through PCA loadings. In MC-SVM the pre-processed spectral data was subjected to PCA and utilized to build a classification model. When using the first two components, the accuracy of the MC-SVM model was 97.64% and 93.23% for the validation data collected by the Raman Microscope and the Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system, respectively. The accuracy reached 100% for the validation data by using the first eight and ten PC’s from the data collected by Raman Microscope and by Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system, respectively. The results reflect the strong discriminative power and the high performance of the developed models, the suitability of the pre-processing method used in this study and that the low accuracy of the Portable Fiber-Optic Raman system does not adversely affect the discriminative power of the developed models.

P2 Receptors Influence hMSCs Differentiation towards Endothelial Cell and Smooth Muscle Cell Lineages (2020)

Zhang, Yu ; Babczyk, Patrick ; Pansky, Andreas ; Kassack, Matthias Ulrich ; Tobiasch, Edda

Background: Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have shown their multipotential including differentiating towards endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages, which triggers a new interest for using hMSCs as a putative source for cardiovascular regenerative medicine. Our recent publication has shown for the first time that purinergic 2 receptors are key players during hMSC differentiation towards adipocytes and osteoblasts. Purinergic 2 receptors play an important role in cardiovascular function when they bind to extracellular nucleotides. In this study, the possible functional role of purinergic 2 receptors during MSC endothelial and smooth muscle differentiation was investigated. Methods and Results: Human MSCs were isolated from liposuction materials. Then, endothelial and smooth muscle-like cells were differentiated and characterized by specific markers via Reverse Transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), Western blot and immunochemical stainings. Interestingly, some purinergic 2 receptor subtypes were found to be differently regulated during these specific lineage commitments: P2Y4 and P2Y14 were involved in the early stage commitment while P2Y1 was the key player in controlling MSC differentiation towards either endothelial or smooth muscle cells. The administration of natural and artificial purinergic 2 receptor agonists and antagonists had a direct influence on these differentiations. Moreover, a feedback loop via exogenous extracellular nucleotides on these particular differentiations was shown by apyrase digest. Conclusions: Purinergic 2 receptors play a crucial role during the differentiation towards endothelial and smooth muscle cell lineages. Some highly selective and potent artificial purinergic 2 ligands can control hMSC differentiation, which might improve the use of adult stem cells in cardiovascular tissue engineering in the future.

Iron Ladies – How Desiccated Asexual Rotifer Adineta vaga Deal With X-Rays and Heavy Ions? (2020)

Hespeels, Boris ; Penninckx, Sébastien ; Cornet, Valérie ; Bruneau, Lucie ; Bopp, Cécile ; Baumlé, Véronique ; Redivo, Baptiste ; Heuskin, Anne-Catherine ; Moeller, Ralf ; Fujimori, Akira ; Lucas, Stephane ; van Doninck, Karine

Space exposure experiments from the last 15 years have unexpectedly shown that several terrestrial organisms, including some multi-cellular species, are able to survive in open space without protection. The robustness of bdelloid rotifers suggests that these tiny creatures can possibly be added to the still restricted list of animals that can deal with the exposure to harsh condition of space. Bdelloids are one of the smallest animals on Earth. Living all over the world, mostly in semi-terrestrial environments, they appear to be extremely stress tolerant. Their desiccation tolerance at any stage of their life cycle is known to confer tolerance to a variety of stresses including high doses of radiation and freezing. In addition, they constitute a major scandal in evolutionary biology due to the putative absence of sexual reproduction for at least 60 million years. Adineta vaga, with its unique characteristics and a draft genome available, was selected by ESA (European Space Agency) as a model system to study extreme resistance of organisms exposed to space environment. In this manuscript, we documented the resistance of desiccated A. vaga individuals exposed to increasing doses of X-ray, protons and Fe ions. Consequences of exposure to different sources of radiation were investigated in regard to the cellular type including somatic (survival assay) and germinal cells (fertility assay). Then, the capacity of A. vaga individuals to repair DNA DSB induced by different source of radiation was investigated. Bdelloid rotifers represent a promising model in order to investigate damage induced by high or low LET radiation. The possibility of exposure both on hydrated or desiccated specimens may help to decipher contribution of direct and indirect radiation damage on biological processes. Results achieved through this study consolidate our knowledge about the radioresistance of A. vaga and improve our capacity to compare extreme resistance against radiation among living organisms including metazoan.

The Responses of the Black Fungus Cryomyces Antarcticus to High Doses of Accelerated Helium Ions Radiation within Martian Regolith Simulants and Their Relevance for Mars (2020)

Pacelli, Claudia ; Cassaro, Alessia ; Aureli, Lorenzo ; Moeller, Ralf ; Fujimori, Akira ; Onofri, Silvano

One of the primary current astrobiological goals is to understand the limits of microbial resistance to extraterrestrial conditions. Much attention is paid to ionizing radiation, since it can prevent the preservation and spread of life outside the Earth. The aim of this research was to study the impact of accelerated He ions (150 MeV/n, up to 1 kGy) as a component of the galactic cosmic rays on the black fungus C. antarcticus when mixed with Antarctic sandstones—the substratum of its natural habitat—and two Martian regolith simulants, which mimics two different evolutionary stages of Mars. The high dose of 1 kGy was used to assess the effect of dose accumulation in dormant cells within minerals, under long-term irradiation estimated on a geological time scale. The data obtained suggests that viable Earth-like microorganisms can be preserved in the dormant state in the near-surface scenario for approximately 322,000 and 110,000 Earth years within Martian regolith that mimic early and present Mars environmental conditions, respectively. In addition, the results of the study indicate the possibility of maintaining traces within regolith, as demonstrated by the identification of melanin pigments through UltraViolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometric approach.

Ultrafine eutectic Ti-Fe-based alloys processed by additive manufacturing – A new candidate for high temperature applications (2020)

Gussone, Joachim ; Bugelnig, Katrin ; Barriobero-Vila, Pere ; da Silva, Julio Cesar ; Hecht, Ulrike ; Dresbach, Christian ; Sket, Federico ; Cloetens, Peter ; Stark, Andreas ; Schell, Norbert ; Haubrich, Jan ; Requena, Guillermo

The development of metals tailored to the metallurgical conditions of laser-based additive manufacturing is crucial to advance the maturity of these materials for their use in structural applications. While efforts in this regard are being carried out around the globe, the use of high strength eutectic alloys have, so far, received minor attention, although previous works showed that rapid solidification techniques can result in ultrafine microstructures with excellent mechanical performance, albeit for small sample sizes. In the present work, a eutectic Ti-32.5Fe alloy has been produced by laser powder bed fusion aiming at exploiting rapid solidification and the capability to produce bulk ultrafine microstructures provided by this processing technique. Process energy densities between 160 J/mm³ and 180 J/mm³ resulted in a dense and crack-free material with an oxygen content of ~ 0.45 wt.% in which a hierarchical microstructure is formed by µm-sized η-Ti4Fe2Ox dendrites embedded in an ultrafine eutectic β-Ti/TiFe matrix. The microstructure was studied three-dimensionally using near-field synchrotron ptychographic X-ray computed tomography with an actual spatial resolution down to 39 nm to analyse the morphology of the eutectic and dendritic structures as well as to quantify their mass density, size and distribution. Inter-lamellar spacings down to ~ 30–50 nm were achieved, revealing the potential of laser-based additive manufacturing to generate microstructures smaller than those obtained by classical rapid solidification techniques for bulk materials. The alloy was deformed at 600 °C under compressive loading up to a strain of ~ 30% without damage formation, resulting in a compressive yield stress of ~ 800 MPa. This study provides a first demonstration of the feasibility to produce eutectic Ti-Fe alloys with ultrafine microstructures by laser powder bed fusion that are suitable for structural applications at elevated temperature.

Role of exosomes in the management of cellular disease in the geneticsusceptible participants in the Chilean population (2020)

Weisshaar, Maria Paz ; Ghanam, Jamal ; Barra, Rafael ; Rioscan, Miguel ; Escobard, Jorge

Radiation in Space: Relevance and Risk for Human Missions (2020)

Hellweg, Christine E. ; Berger, Thomas ; Matthiä, Daniel ; Baumstark-Khan, Christa

This volume of the series Springer Briefs in Space Life Sciences explains the physics and biology of radiation in space, defines various forms of cosmic radiation and their dosimetry, and presents a range of exposure scenarios. It also discusses the effects of radiation on human health and describes the molecular mechanisms of heavy charged particles’ deleterious effects in the body. Lastly, it discusses countermeasures and addresses the vital question: Are we ready for launch? Written for researchers in the space life sciences and space biomedicine, and for master’s students in biology, physics, and medicine, the book will also benefit all non-experts endeavoring to understand and enter space.

DNA profiling of single sperm cells and single skin flakes in forensics using micromanipulation and whole genome amplification (2020)

Theunissen, Glenn M. G.

In forensic DNA profiling, the occurrence of complex mixed profiles is currently a common issue. Cases involving intimate swabs or skin flake tape liftings are prone to mixed profiles, because of more than one donor contributing to a DNA sample. By DNA profiling of single spermatozoa and skin flakes, problems associated with mixed profile could ideally be overcome. However, PCR is not a sensitive enough method to generate DNA profiles by STRs on single cells. Moreover, high quality intact DNA is required, but is not always available in skin flakes due to degradation. Additionally, single skin flakes are difficult to discriminate from other similar looking particles on tape liftings used to secure DNA samples from evidence. The main purpose of this study was to develop a method that enables DNA profiling of single sperm cells and skin flakes. After studying multiple whole genome amplification (WGA) protocols, REPLI-g Single Cell WGA was selected due to its suitability in the pre-amplification step of template DNA. Micromanipulation was used to isolate single spermatozoa. Furthermore, micromanipulation in combination with REPLI-g Single Cell WGA resulted in successful DNA profiling of single spermatozoa by using autosomal STRs as well as X- and Y-chromosomal STRs. The single spermatozoa DNA profiling method described in this thesis was successfully used to identify male contributors from mock intimate swabs with a mixture of semen from multiple male contributors. Different dyes were analysed to develop a staining method to discriminate skin flakes from other particles including particles such as those from hair cosmetic products. From all dyes tested, Orange G was the only dye which successfully discriminated skin flakes from hair product particles. Also, an alkaline based lysis protocol was developed that allowed PCR to be carried out directly on the lysates of single skin flakes. Furthermore, REPLI-g Single Cell WGA was tested on single skin flakes. In contrast to the single spermatozoa, REPLI-g Single Cell WGA was not successful in DNA profiling of single skin flakes. The single skin flake DNA profiling method described in this thesis was successfully used in correctly identifying contributors from mock mixed DNA evidence. Additionally, a small amplicon-based NGS method was tested on single skin flakes. Compared to the PCR and CE approach, the small amplicon-based NGS method improved DNA profiling of single skin flakes, giving a significant increase in allele recovery. In conclusion, this study shows circumventing mixtures is possible by DNA profiling of single spermatozoa, using micromanipulation and WGA. Furthermore, DNA profiling of single skin flakes has been improved by the staining of tape liftings methodology with Orange G, alkaline lysis, direct-PCR and a small amplicon-based NGS approach. Nonetheless, future work is required to assess the performance of the single spermatozoa method on mock swabs with more diluted semen. Also, commercially available NGS kits should be tested with single skin flakes and compared with the in-house NGS method.

N-Sulfonyl Dipeptide Nitriles as Inhibitors of Human Cathepsin S: In silico Design, Synthesis and Biochemical Characterization (2020)

Lemke, Carina ; Cianni, Lorenzo ; Feldmann, Christian ; Gilberg, Erik ; Yin, Jiafei ; dos Reis Rocho, Fernanda ; Vita, Daniela de ; Bartz, Ulrike ; Bajorath, Jürgen ; Montanari, Carlos A. ; Gütschow, Michael

Natural Fiber-Stabilized Geopolymer Foams—A Review (2020)

Walbrück, Katharina ; Maeting, Felicitas ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Stephan, Dietmar

The development of sustainable, environmentally friendly insulation materials with a reduced carbon footprint is attracting increased interest. One alternative to conventional insulation materials are foamed geopolymers. Similar to foamed concrete, the mechanical properties of geopolymer foams can also be improved by using fibers for reinforcement. This paper presents an overview of the latest research findings in the field of fiber-reinforced geopolymer foam concrete with special focus on natural fibers reinforcement. Furthermore, some basic and background information of natural fibers and geopolymer foams are reported. In most of the research, foams are produced either through chemical foaming with hydrogen peroxide or aluminum powder, or through mechanical foaming which includes a foaming agent. However, previous reviews have not sufficiently addresses the fabrication of geopolymer foams by syntactic foams. Finally, recent efforts to reduce the fiber degradation in geopolymer concrete are discussed along with challenges for natural fiber reinforced-geopolymer foam concrete.

Development of an Universal Measuring Instrument for Quality Monitoring of Ultrapure Water (2020)

Schäfer, S. ; Warmer, J. ; Kaul, P. ; Van Dyk, K. ; Schulze, D. ; Schmidt, T.

This work presents the development of a measuring system for the quality control of ultrapure water. The new systems combines ozonation and UV radiation for the oxidation of organic substances. The change in conductivity caused by the oxidation is furthermore correlated with the TOC of the solution.

Zeitreduktion um 99 % für die QTc Zeit Diagnostik durch Telekardiologie (2020)

Fink, L-S. ; Schinköthe, T. ; Wuerstlein, R. ; Harbeck, N.

Tunable colors and conductivity by electroless growth of Cu/Cu2O particles on sol-gel modified cellulose (2020)

Landsiedel, Justus ; Root, Waleri ; Schramm, Christian ; Menzel, Alexander ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Bechtold, Thomas ; Pham, Tung

Development of colored surfaces by formation of nano-structured aggregates is a widely used strategy in nature to color lightweight structures (e.g. butterflies) without the use of dye pigments. The deposition of nanoscale particles mimics nature in it’s approach coloring surfaces. This work presents sol-gel modification of cellulose surfaces used to form a template for growth of Cu/Cu2O core-shell particles with defined size-distributions. Besides improving the adhesion of the deposited particulate material, the sol-gel matrix serves as a template for the control of particle sizes of the Cu/Cu2O structures, and as a consequence of particle size variation the surface color is tunable. As an example, red color was achieved with an average particle size of 35 nm, and shifts gradually to blue appearance when particles have grown to 80 nm on the sol-gel modified fabric. The copper concentration on representative fabrics is kept low to avoid modifying the textile characteristics and were all in the range of 150–170 mg per g of cellulose material. As a result of copper deposition on the surface of the material, the cellulose fabric also became electrically conductive. Remarkably, the electrical conductivity was found to be dependent on the average particle sizes of the deposits and thus related to the change in observed color. The generation of color by growth of nano-sized particles on sol-gel templates provides a highly promising approach to stain surfaces by physical effects without use of synthetic colorants, which opens a new strategy to improve environmental profile of coloration.

Differentiation of meat-related microorganisms using paper-based surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate statistical analysis (2020)

Breuch, René ; Klein, Daniel ; Siefke, Eleni ; Hebel, Martin ; Herbert, Ulrike ; Wickleder, Claudia ; Kaul, Peter

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with subsequent chemometric evaluation was performed for the rapid and non-destructive differentiation of seven important meat-associated microorganisms, namely Brochothrix thermosphacta DSM 20171, Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM 4358, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica sv. Enteritidis DSM 14221, Listeria monocytogenes DSM 19094, Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030, Escherichia coli HB101 and Bacillus thuringiensis sv. israelensis DSM 5724. A simple method for collecting spectra from commercial paper-based SERS substrates without any laborious pre-treatments was used. In order to prepare the spectroscopic data for classification at genera level with a subsequent chemometric evaluation consisting of principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, a pre-processing method with spike correction and sum normalisation was performed. Because of the spike correction rather than exclusion, and therefore the use of a balanced data set, the multivariate analysis of the data is significantly resilient and meaningful. The analysis showed that the differentiation of meat-associated microorganisms and thereby the detection of important meat-related pathogenic bacteria was successful on genera level and a cross-validation as well as a classification of ungrouped data showed promising results, with 99.5 % and 97.5 %, respectively.

Effect of time on the post-irradiation curing of six resin-based composites (2020)

Kaiser, Christina ; Price, Richard Bengt

Labordiagnostik bei angeborenen Stoffwechselstörungen (2020)

Sass, Jörn Oliver

Carbachol dimers with primary carbamate groups as homobivalent modulators of muscarinic receptors (2020)

Matucci, Rosanna ; Bellucci, Cristina ; Martino, Maria Vittoria ; Nesi, Marta ; Manetti, Dina ; Welzel, Jessica ; Bartz, Ulrike ; Holze, Janine ; Tränkle, Christian ; Mohr, Klaus ; Mazzolari, Angelica ; Vistoli, Giulio ; Dei, Silvia ; Teodori, Elisabetta ; Romanelli, Maria Novella

"Modellierung und Optimierung Transdermaler Therapeutischer Systeme hinsichtlich Applikationskomfort und medizinischer Leistungsfähigkeit" : Abschlussbericht : FHProfUnt-Projekt "MOTTSAL" : Projektlaufzeit: 01.04.2016 bis 31.03.2019, kostenneutrale Verlängerung bis 31.08.2019 (2020)

Möginger, Bernhard ; Meurer, Michael ; Hülsmann, Marco

Tooth Formation: Are the Hardest Tissues of Human Body Hard to Regenerate? (2020)

Baranova, Juliana ; Büchner, Dominik ; Götz, Werner ; Schulze, Margit ; Tobiasch, Edda

With increasing life expectancy, demands for dental tissue and whole-tooth regeneration are becoming more significant. Despite great progress in medicine, including regenerative therapies, the complex structure of dental tissues introduces several challenges to the field of regenerative dentistry. Interdisciplinary efforts from cellular biologists, material scientists, and clinical odontologists are being made to establish strategies and find the solutions for dental tissue regeneration and/or whole-tooth regeneration. In recent years, many significant discoveries were done regarding signaling pathways and factors shaping calcified tissue genesis, including those of tooth. Novel biocompatible scaffolds and polymer-based drug release systems are under development and may soon result in clinically applicable biomaterials with the potential to modulate signaling cascades involved in dental tissue genesis and regeneration. Approaches for whole-tooth regeneration utilizing adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, or tooth germ cells transplantation are emerging as promising alternatives to overcome existing in vitro tissue generation hurdles. In this interdisciplinary review, most recent advances in cellular signaling guiding dental tissue genesis, novel functionalized scaffolds and drug release material, various odontogenic cell sources, and methods for tooth regeneration are discussed thus providing a multi-faceted, up-to-date, and illustrative overview on the tooth regeneration matter, alongside hints for future directions in the challenging field of regenerative dentistry.

Correlating mechanical rubber properties with moving die rheometer vulcanization curves under consideration of the material composition (2019)

Steinhaus, Johannes ; Almeida, Andre ; Lantermann, Ulrich ; Moeginger, Bernhard

Rechtssätze und Erfahrungssätze: Das Verhältnis von Strafrecht und Kriminalistik (2017)

Vries, Hinrich de

Industrielle Fertigung von Keramik mit 3D-Druck (2015)

Kollenberg, Wolfgang

Coumarin as a structural component of substrates and probes for serine and cysteine proteases (2020)

Breidenbach, Julian ; Bartz, Ulrike ; Gütschow, Michael

Design and Synthesis of Covalent Peptidomimetic Inhibitors for Human Cysteine Cathepsins (2020)

Breuer, Christian

Increase in Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibition by Cytokine-Induced-Killer Cells as a Combination Immunotherapy for Renal Cancer (2020)

Naghizadeh Dehno, Mojgan ; Li, Yutao ; Weiher, Hans ; Schmidt-Wolf, Ingo G. H.

Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are heterogeneous, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted T lymphocytes that have acquired the expression of several natural killer (NK) cell surface markers following the addition of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), OKT3 and interleukin-2 (IL-2). Treatment with CIK cells demonstrates a practical approach in cancer immunotherapy with limited, if any, graft versus host disease (GvHD) toxicity. CIK cells have been proposed and tested in many clinical trials in cancer patients by autologous, allogeneic or haploidentical administration. The possibility of combining them with specific monoclonal antibodies nivolumab and ipilimumab will further expand the possibility of their clinical utilization. Initially, phenotypic analysis was performed to explore CD3, CD4, CD56, PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on CIK cells and PD-L1/PD-L2 expression on tumor cells. We further treated CIK cells with nivolumab and ipilimumab and measured the cytotoxicity of CIK cells cocultured to renal carcinoma cell lines, A-498 and Caki-2. We observed a significant decrease in viability of renal cell lines after treating with CIK cells (p < 0.0001) in comparison to untreated renal cell lines and anti-PD-1 or anti-CTLA-4 treatment had no remarkable effect on the viability of tumor cells. Using CCK-8, Precision Count Beads™ and Cell Trace™ violet proliferation assays, we proved significant increased proliferation of CIK cells in the presence of a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies compared to untreated CIK cells. The IFN-γ secretion increased significantly in the presence of A-498 and combinatorial blockade of PD-1 and CTLA-4 compared to nivolumab or ipilimumab monotreatment (p < 0.001). In conclusion, a combination of immune checkpoint inhibition with CIK cells augments cytotoxicity of CIK cells against renal cancer cells.

Identification of the specific volatile organic compounds emitted by Anoplophora glabripennis (Moschulsky) (2020)

Makarow, Ramona

The globalisation and the increasing international trade have raised the number and risk of introduction of foreign species and invasive pests for years. Although native species have adapted to the native habitat over many years and generations, invasive intruders often possess characteristics that are superior to native species. Thus, and because of a lack of natural enemies, they bear the potential of decimation or complete displacement of the native species; furthermore, the introduction of pathogens or nematodes as a vector possesses a high damage potential. The available measures of the local plant protection services to combat invasive species are confined. They are limited to the felling of infested trees or plants and regular controls within the infested area. A spread of single infestations can thereby be prevented, but undetected infestations can unimpededly spread, which points out the main challenge: the detection of the species. This concerns the infestation in open land as well as the single animal on its path of introduction. Concerning the development of new adequate detection systems for invasive species, there is only little research activity going on. For other fields like detection of explosives or narcotics, the research activities date back for more than one decade and consequently there are detection systems available, which are, for example, used for explosive detection in airports. The detection principle bases on the chemistry of these substances.

2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (beta-ketothiolase) deficiency: one disease - two pathways (2020)

Grünert, Sarah C. ; Sass, Jörn Oliver

Background: 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency (MATD; deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase T2/ “beta-ketothiolase”) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization and isoleucine degradation due to mutations in ACAT1. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for all available clinical descriptions of patients with MATD. Two hundred forty-four patients were identified and included in this analysis. Clinical course and biochemical data are presented and discussed. Results: For 89.6% of patients at least one acute metabolic decompensation was reported. Age at first symptoms ranged from 2 days to 8 years (median 12 months). More than 82% of patients presented in the first 2 years of life, while manifestation in the neonatal period was the exception (3.4%). 77.0% (157 of 204 patients) of patients showed normal psychomotor development without neurologic abnormalities. Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all cases with MATD identified in the literature. It demonstrates that MATD is a rather benign disorder with often favourable outcome, when compared with many other organic acidurias.

Additive Fertigung keramischer Komponenten (2020)

Kollenberg, Wolfgang

Unter dem Begriff „Additive Fertigung“ werden alle Verfahren zusammengefasst, die dazu dienen Formteile aufgrund von CAD-Daten schichtweise aufzubauen. Dabei geschieht der Aufbau stets selektiv, entsprechend der durch die CAD-Daten vorgegebenen Positionen. Während für Metalle und Kunststoffe diese Technik bereits in der industriellen Anwendung etabliert ist, befindet sie sich im Bereich der keramischen Werkstoffe noch in einer frühen Entwicklungs- bzw. Anwendungsphase. Um so wichtiger ist es, den aktuellen Stand der Technik und das Potenzial für keramische Bauteile umfassend darzustellen.

Optical Gas Sensing with Encapsulated Chiral-Nematic Liquid Crystals (2020)

Pschyklenk, Lukas ; Wagner, Thorsten ; Lorenz, Alexander ; Kaul, Peter

Optical gas sensors based on chiral-nematic liquid crystals (N* LCs) forming one-dimensional photonic crystals do not require electrical energy and have a considerable potential to supplement established types of sensors. A chiral-nematic phase with tunable selective reflection is induced in a nematic host LC by adding reactive chiral dopants. The selective chemical reaction between dopant and analyte is capable to vary the pitch length (the lattice constant) of the soft, self-assembled, one-dimensional photonic crystal. The progress of the ongoing chemical reaction can be observed even by naked eye because the color of the samples varies. In this work, we encapsulate the responsive N* LC in microscale polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers via coaxial electrospinning. The sensor is, thus, given a solid form and has an improved stability against nonavoidable environmental influences. The reaction behavior of encapsulated and nonencapsulated N* LC toward a gaseous analyte is compared, systematically. Making use of the encapsulation is an important step to improve the applicability.

Strukturcharakterisierung von C-S-H-Interkalationsverbindungen als Ansatz zur gezielten Kristallisationssteuerung neuartiger Zementbaustoffe (2019)

Gillemot, Philipp ; Witzleben, Steffen

Identification of Anoplophora glabripennis (Moschulsky) by its emitted specific volatile organic compounds (2020)

Makarow, Ramona ; Schäfer, Sara ; Kaul, Peter

Explorative experiments were done to figure out differences in the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of not infested trees and trees infested by Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorn beetle, ALB), a quarantine pest. Therefore, VOCs from some native insect species, Anoplophora glabripennis infested Acer, stressed Acer, healthy Acer, Populus and Salix were obtained by enrichment on adsorbents. Qualitative analysis was done by thermal desorption gas chromatography coupled with a mass selective detector (TD-GC/MS). Altogether 169 substances were identified. 11 substances occur from ALB infested or mechanically damaged trees i.e. stressed trees, but not from healthy trees. (+)-Cyclosativene, (+)-α-longipinene, copaene and caryophyllene are detectable only from ALB-infested Acer not from mechanically damaged or healthy Acer. However, these substances are also emitted by healthy Salix. 2,4-Dimethyl-1-heptene is among all tree samples exclusively present in the ambience of ALB-infested trees. It´s rarely detectable from native insect species’ samples.

Entwicklung neuartiger Geopolymer-gebundener Dämmstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen (2020)

Walbrück, Katharina ; Witzleben, Steffen

Extraction of High-Purity Lignins via Catalyst-free Organosolv Pulping from Low-input Crops (2020)

Rumpf, Jessica ; Do, Xuan-Tung ; Burger, Rene ; Monakhova, Yulia ; Schulze, Margit

Analytische Chemie II (2020)

Ritgen, Ulf

Comparing chemical composition and lignin structure of Miscanthus x giganteus and Miscanthus nagara harvested in autumn and spring and separated into stems and leaves (2020)

Bergs, Michel ; Do, Xuan Tung ; Rumpf, Jessica ; Kusch, Peter ; Monakhova, Yulia ; Konow, Christopher ; Völkering, Georg ; Pude, Ralf ; Schulze, Margit

Miscanthus crops possess very attractive properties such as high photosynthesis yield and carbon fixation rate. Because of these properties, it is currently considered for use in second-generation biorefineries. Here we analyze the differences in chemical composition between M. x giganteus, a commonly studied Miscanthus genotype, and M. nagara, which is relatively understudied but has useful properties such as increased frost resistance and higher stem stability. Samples of M. x giganteus (Gig35) and M. nagara (NagG10) have been separated by plant portion (leaves and stems) in order to isolate the corresponding lignins. The organosolv process was used for biomass pulping (80% ethanol solution, 170 °C, 15 bar). Biomass composition and lignin structure analysis were performed using composition analysis, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and pyrolysis gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to determine the 3D structure of the isolated lignins, monolignol ratio and most abundant linkages depending on genotype and harvesting season. SEC data showed significant differences in the molecular weight and polydispersity indices for stem versus leaf-derived lignins. Py-GC/MS and hetero-nuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) NMR revealed different monolignol compositions for the two genotypes (Gig35, NagG10). The monolignol ratio is slightly influenced by the time of harvest: stem-derived lignins of M. nagara showed increasing H and decreasing G unit content over the studied harvesting period (December–April).

The osteogenic differentiation of bone chip-derived mesenchymal stem cells is controlled via specific receptor signaling (2015)

Kaebisch, C. ; Gorski, J.K. ; Issa, Y.A. ; Winter, M. ; Tobiasch, E.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for Regenerative Dentistry in particular due to their ability to differentiate towards osteoblasts, among other lineages. Tooth and jaw bone loss are frequent sequelae of traumatic and pathological conditions in both the young and the elderly and must be met by appropriate prosthetic replacements. For successful osseointegration of the dental implant a sufficient bone level is necessary. Besides the utilization of bone autografts or synthetic biomaterials, medical research is more and more focused on the utilization of MSCs. Compared to cells obtained from liposuction material, ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the head area e.g. out of dental follicles or particulate, non-vascularized bone chips show a higher differentiation potential towards osteoblasts.

Genes Involved in Stress Response and Especially in Phytoalexin Biosynthesis Are Upregulated in Four Malus Genotypes in Response to Apple Replant Disease (2020)

Reim, Stefanie ; Rohr, Annmarie-Deetja ; Winkelmann, Traud ; Weiß, Stefan ; Liu, Benye ; Beerhues, Ludger ; Schmitz, Michaela ; Hanke, Magda-Viola ; Flachowsky, Henryk

Apple replant disease (ARD) is a soil-borne disease, which is of particular importance for fruit tree nurseries and fruit growers. The disease manifests by a poor vegetative development, stunted growth, and reduced yield in terms of quantity and quality, if apple plants (usually rootstocks) are replanted several times at the same site. Genotype-specific differences in the reaction of apple plants to ARD are documented, but less is known about the genetic mechanisms behind this symptomatology. Recent transcriptome analyses resulted in a number of candidate genes possibly involved in the plant response. In the present study, the expression of 108 selected candidate genes was investigated in root and leaf tissue of four different apple genotypes grown in untreated ARD soil and ARD soil disinfected by γ-irradiation originating from two different sites in Germany. Thirty-nine out of the 108 candidate genes were differentially expressed in roots by taking a p-value of < 0.05 and a fold change of > 1.5 as cutoff. Sixteen genes were more than 4.5-fold upregulated in roots of plants grown in ARD soil. The four genes MNL2 (putative mannosidase); ALF5 (multi antimicrobial extrusion protein); UGT73B4 (uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferase 73B4), and ECHI (chitin-binding) were significantly upregulated in roots. These genes seem to be related to the host plant response to ARD, although they have never been described in this context before. Six of the highly upregulated genes belong to the phytoalexin biosynthesis pathway. Their genotype-specific gene expression pattern was consistent with the phytoalexin content measured in roots. The biphenyl synthase (BIS) genes were found to be useful as early biomarkers for ARD, because their expression pattern correlated well with the phenotypic reaction of the Malus genotypes investigated.

Composition of lignins isolated from low-input crops using chemometric data analysis: Comparative study (2020)

Rumpf, Jessica ; Do, Xuan-Tung ; Burger, Rene ; Bergs, Michel ; Monakhova, Yulia ; Pude, Ralf ; Rehahn, Matthias ; Schulze, Margit

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency: one disease - many faces (2020)

Grünert, Sarah C. ; Sass, Jörn Oliver

Background: 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketogenesis and leucine degradation due to mutations in HMGCL. Method: We performed a systematic literature search to identify all published cases. Two hundred eleven patients of whom relevant clinical data were available were included in this analysis. Clinical course, biochemical findings and mutation data are highlighted and discussed. An overview on all published HMGCL variants is provided. Results: More than 95% of patients presented with acute metabolic decompensation. Most patients manifested within the first year of life, 42.4% already neonatally. Very few individuals remained asymptomatic. The neurologic long-term outcome was favorable with 62.6% of patients showing normal development. Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all published cases with HMGCLD including a list of all known HMGCL mutations.

Thermal expansion of semi-crystalline polymers: Anisotropic thermal strain and crystallite orientation (2020)

Ramakers-van Dorp, Esther ; Möginger, Bernhard ; Hausnerova, Berenika

Analytische Chemie I (2020)

Ritgen, Ulf

Processed-Induced Thermal and Viscoelastic Behavior of Extrusion Blow Molded Parts (2019)

Ramakers-van Dorp, Esther

Process-dependent thermo-mechanical viscoelastic properties and the corresponding morphology of HDPE extrusion blow molded (EBM) parts were investigated. Evaluation of bulk data showed that flow direction, draw ratio, and mold temperature influence the viscoelastic behavior significantly in certain temperature ranges. Flow induced orientations due to higher draw ratio and higher mold temperature lead to higher crystallinities. To determine the local viscoelastic properties, a new microindentation system was developed by merging indentation with dynamic mechanical analysis. The local process-structure-property relationship of EBM parts showed that the cross-sectional temperature distribution is clearly reflected by local crystallinities and local complex moduli. Additionally, a model to calculate three-dimensional anisotropic coefficients of thermal expansion as a function of the process dependent crystallinity was developed based on an elementary volume unit cell with stacked layers of amorphous phase and crystalline lamellae. Good agreement of the predicted thermal expansion coefficients with measured ones was found up to a temperature of 70 °C.

Influence of organic additives on the synthesis of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) based on the pozzolanic reaction (2019)

Geppert, Alexander

Isolation and characterization of therapeutic active exosomes for an anti-inflammatory exosomes based therapy of immunudisfuction disease as rheumatiodarth (2015)

Amin, Shadi

Synthesis and biological evaluation of nitrile-based peptiomimetic inhibitors fore cysteine cathepsins (2016)

Schmitz, Janina

Acceleration of Portland cement with lithium, sodium and potassium silicates and hydroxides (2020)

Witzleben, Steffen Thomas

2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase (beta-ketothiolase) deficiency: one disease - two pathways (2019)

Grünert, Sarah Catharina ; Sass, Jörn Oliver

Background: 2-methylacetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase deficiency (MATD; deficiency of mitochondrial acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase T2/ “beta-ketothiolase”) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketone body utilization and isoleucine degradation due to mutations in ACAT1. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search for all available clinical descriptions of patients with MATD. 244 patients were identified and included in this analysis. Clinical course and biochemical data are presented and discussed. Results: For 89.6 % of patients at least one acute metabolic decompensation was reported. Age at first symptoms ranged from 2 days to 8 years (median 12 months). More than 82% of patients presented in the first two years of life, while manifestation in the neonatal period was the exception (3.4%). 77.0% (157 of 204 patients) of patients showed normal psychomotor development without neurologic abnormalities. Conclusion: This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all cases with MATD identified in the literature. It demonstrates that MATD is a rather benign disorder with often favourable outcome, when compared with many other organic acidurias.

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency: One disease- many faces (2019)

Grünert, Sarah Catharina ; Sass, Jörn Oliver

Background 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase deficiency (HMGCLD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of ketogenesis and leucine degradation due to mutations in HMGCL . Method We performed a systematic literature search to identify all published cases. 211 patients of whom relevant clinical data were available were included in this analysis. Clinical course, biochemical findings and mutation data are highlighted and discussed. An overview on all published HMGCL variants is provided. Results More than 95% of patients presented with acute metabolic decompensation. Most patients manifested within the first year of life, 42.4% already neonatally. Very few individuals remained asymptomatic. The neurologic long-term outcome was favorable with 62.6% of patients showing normal development. Conclusion This comprehensive data analysis provides a systematic overview on all published cases with HMGCLD including a list of all known HMGCL mutations.

A Study on the Pozzolanic Properties of Pennisetum Purpureum Ash (2018)

Saruchera, L. ; Mupa, Mathew ; Muchanyereyi-Mukuratirwa, N. ; Witzleben, Steffen

Pozzolanic properties of Pennisetum purpureum grass ash were tested on Portland cement. Results show that the ash can be blended with cements without compromising binding strength of the cement. It was found that Portland cement could be blended with Pennisetum purpureum up to a ratio of 3:2 compromising compressive strength of mortar.Mortar with lower cement replacement took longer to set as evidenced by lower compressive strength within the 28-day aging time. Mortar with higher cement replacement had lower water absorption capacity, an indication that the test pozzolan was of smaller particulate size. XRF analysis and the FTIR spectrum showed that the ash has a higher content of silica. The XRD pattern of the ash showed that the ash was predominantly amorphous. SEM images showed that the ash produced at 600 o C had residual carbon material.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2020)

Tonk, Christian Horst ; Witzler, Markus ; Schulze, Margit ; Tobiasch, Edda

This chapter focuses on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a multipotent stem cell type that has been found in a variety of tissues and organs of the human body since their discovery in 1970. Their main function is to maintain and repair the respective tissue in vivo. Mesenchymal stem cells can be easily isolated from different tissues and can undergo extensive self-proliferation prior to differentiation into various mesodermal cell types such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, tenocytes, myocytes, and fibroblasts. Because of this vast differentiation potential, mesenchymal stem cells are a promising tool for regenerative medicine approaches. They could play an important role in cellular therapy, tissue replacement and regeneration in the future. Mesenchymal stem cells will be compared for their application and differentiation potential to embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells and the limitations and challenges using scaffolds for tissue repair will be presented. In addition, legal and ethical aspects of the use of mesenchymal stem cells will be discussed. Moreover, isolation protocols for mesenchymal stem cells from the most common sources namely bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord are included.

Local process-dependent structural and mechanical properties of extrusion blow molded high-density polyethylene hollow parts (2020)

Ramakers-van Dorp, Esther ; Eger, Benedikt ; Raschen, Clemens ; Urbanek, Michal ; Möginger, Bernhard ; Hausnerova, Berenika

d-Glycerate kinase deficiency in a neuropediatric patient (2020)

Sass, Jörn Oliver ; Behringer, Sidney ; Fernando, Malkanthi ; Cesaroni, Elisabetta ; Cursio, Ida ; Volpini, Alberto ; Till, Claudia

Chromenones as Multineurotargeting Inhibitors of Human Enzymes (2019)

Lemke, Carina ; Christmann, Joscha ; Yin, Jiafei ; Alonso, José M. ; Serrano, Estefanía ; Chioua, Mourad ; Ismaili, Lhassane ; Martínez-Grau, María Angeles ; Beadle, Christopher D. ; Vetman, Tatiana ; Dato, Florian M. ; Bartz, Ulrike ; Elsinghorst, Paul W. ; Pietsch, Markus ; Müller, Christa E. ; Iriepa, Isabel ; Wille, Timo ; Marco-Contelles, José ; Gütschow, Michael

The complex nature of multifactorial diseases, such as Morbus Alzheimer, has produced a strong need to design multitarget-directed ligands to address the involved complementary pathways. We performed a purposive structural modification of a tetratarget small-molecule, that is contilisant, and generated a combinatorial library of 28 substituted chromen-4-ones. The compounds comprise a basic moiety which is linker-connected to the 6-position of the heterocyclic chromenone core. The syntheses were accomplished by Mitsunobu- or Williamson-type ether formations. The resulting library members were evaluated at a panel of seven human enzymes, all of which being involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. A concomitant inhibition of human acetylcholinesterase and human monoamine oxidase B, with IC50 values of 5.58 and 7.20 μM, respectively, was achieved with the dual-target 6-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)butoxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (7).

Polysaccharide-Based Systems for Targeted Stem Cell Differentiation and Bone Regeneration (2019)

Witzler, Markus ; Büchner, Dominik ; Shoushrah, Sarah Hani ; Babczyk, Patrick ; Baranova, Juliana ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Tobiasch, Edda ; Schulze, Margit

Bone tissue engineering is an ever-changing, rapidly evolving, and highly interdisciplinary field of study, where scientists try to mimic natural bone structure as closely as possible in order to facilitate bone healing. New insights from cell biology, specifically from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and signaling, lead to new approaches in bone regeneration. Novel scaffold and drug release materials based on polysaccharides gain increasing attention due to their wide availability and good biocompatibility to be used as hydrogels and/or hybrid components for drug release and tissue engineering. This article reviews the current state of the art, recent developments, and future perspectives in polysaccharide-based systems used for bone regeneration.

Multiresolution Analysis Pansharpening for the Fusion of Raman and Conventional Brightfield Microscopy Images (2019)

Pomrehn, Christoph ; Klein, Daniel ; Kolb, Andreas ; Kaul, Peter ; Herpers, Rainer

Synthesis of Substituted Hydroxyapatite for Application in Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery (2019)

Büchner, D. ; Gericke, M. ; Heinze, T. ; Tobiasch, E. ; Witzleben, S. ; Schulze, M.

Gas Chromatography (2019)

Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most important types of chromatography used in analytical chemistry for separating and analyzing chemical organic compounds. Today, gas chromatography is one of the most widespread investigation methods of instrumental analysis. This technique is used in the laboratories of chemical, petrochemical, and pharmaceutical industries, in research institutes, and also in clinical, environmental, and food and beverage analysis. This book is the outcome of contributions by experts in the field of gas chromatography and includes a short history of gas chromatography, an overview of derivatization methods and sample preparation techniques, a comprehensive study on pyrazole mass spectrometric fragmentation, and a GC/MS/MS method for the determination and quantification of pesticide residues in grape samples.

Evaluation of STR profiles of single telogen hairs using probabilistic methods (2019)

Heß, Sarah Aurora ; Biermann, Jan-Philip ; Grabmüller, Melanie ; Madea, Burkhard ; Thiele, Ralf ; Jäger, Richard

Development and Evaluation of a Prototype Scratch Apparatus for Wound Assays Adjustable to Different Forces and Substrates (2019)

Grimmig, Roman ; Babczyk, Patrick ; Gillemot, Philipp ; Schmitz, Klaus-Peter ; Schulze, Margit ; Tobiasch, Edda

Scratch assays enable the study of the migration process of an injured adherent cell layer in vitro. An apparatus for the reproducible performance of scratch assays and cell harvesting has been developed that meets the requirements for reproducibility in tests as well as easy handling. The entirely autoclavable setup is divided into a sample translation and a scratching system. The translational system is compatible with standard culture dishes and can be modified to adapt to different cell culture systems, while the scratching system can be adjusted according to angle, normal force, shape, and material to adapt to specific questions and demanding substrates. As a result, a fully functional prototype can be presented. This system enables the creation of reproducible and clear scratch edges with a low scratch border roughness within a monolayer of cells. Moreover, the apparatus allows the collection of the migrated cells after scratching for further molecular biological investigations without the need for a second processing step. For comparison, the mechanical properties of manually performed scratch assays are evaluated.

Solar-mediated degradation of linezolid and tedizolid under simulated environmental conditions: Kinetics, transformation and toxicity (2020)

Timm, Alexander ; Abendschön, Patrick ; Tölgyesi, László ; Horn, Harald ; Borowska, Ewa

Neuartige Geopolymer-gebundene Dämmstoffe aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen (2019)

Walbrück, Katharina ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Stephan, Dietmar

Entwicklung und Optimierung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der antioxidativen Aktivität von Kraft- und Organosolv-Lignin via Folin- Ciocalteu-Assay (2019)

Rumpf, Jessica

Entwicklung und Optimierung einer Methode zur Bestimmung der antioxidativen Aktivität von Kraft- und Organosolv-Lignin via Folin- Ciocalteu-Assay

Untersuchungen zur Eignung von Kraft Lignin für die Herstellung von Polyurethan Filmen (2019)

Rumpf, Jessica

Untersuchungen zur Eignung von Kraft Lignin für die Herstellung von Polyurethan Filmen

FOXP3 Inhibitory Peptide P60 Increases Efficacy of Cytokine-induced Killer Cells Against Renal and Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2019)

Setiawan, Maria Fitria ; Rudan, Oliver ; Vogt, Annabelle ; Gonzalez-Carmona, Maria A. ; Langhans, Bettina ; Schmidt-Wolf, Roland ; Garofano, Francesca ; Strassburg, Christian P. ; Lasarte, Juan J. ; Casares, Noelia ; Lozano, Teresa ; Weiher, Hans ; Schmidt-Wolf, Ingo G. H.

Adaption of Energy Deposition in Helical Drilling of Multidimensional Micro Holes Using Ultrashort Laser Pulses (2019)

He, Chao ; Esch, Dominik ; Gillner, Arnold

Mikrodesinfektionssystem mit strukturierten Membran-Elektroden-Arrays : Schlussbericht zum Forschungsvorhaben Ozon-Array : Förderzeitraum: 01. Juli 2016-31. Dezember 2018 (2019)

Schulze, Dirk ; Stucki, Samuel ; van Dyk, Katharina ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Oligschleger, Christina ; Grimmig, Roman

OzonArray - Entwicklung eines Elektrolyseurs mit strukturierten Membran-Elektroden-Arrays für die in situ Produktion von Ozonlösungen in Wasser beliebiger Qualität; Teilprojekt: Analyse der Stoffflüsse in strukturierten Membrane-Elektroden Arrays : Abschlussbericht (2019)

Grimmig, Roman ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Oligschleger, Christa

System accuracy assessments with a blood glucose meter with combined glucose and ß-hydroxybutyrate measurement capabilities (2019)

Weissenbacher, Sylvia ; Yang, Chen-Yu ; Kuan, Tang-Chin ; Demircik, Filiz ; Hanna, Mina ; Pfützner, Andreas

Seaweed polysaccharide based materials: From chemical derivatization to functional composite hydrogels and advanced applications (2019)

Gericke, Martin ; Witzler, Markus ; Büchner, Dominik ; Enkelmann, Astrid ; Ottensmeyer, Patrick ; Schneider, Gerlind ; Tobiasch, Edda ; Schulze, Margit ; Heinze, Thomas

Feldemissions-Elektronenmiskroskop mit Computertomographie-System für Materialentwicklungen und Sicherheitstechnologien FE-SEM-[my]CT : Schlussbericht zu FH Invest-Projekt (2019)

Witzleben, Steffen

Ingenieurnachwuchs 2013: AktivPuzzolan - Synergetische Aktivierung von synthetischen Puzzolanen mittels Templaten und Aktivatoren zur Verringerung des Portlandzementklinkergehaltes und der CO2-Emissionen bei Zementen und zementbasierten Formulierungen : Abschlussbericht zum Projekt : Förderzeitraum: 1.10.2013-30.12.2017 (2017)

Millimeter-Wellen Radar-basierter Kofferscanner bei 80 GHz als Experimentalsystem zum Einsatz bei VESPER Plus : Endbericht 07/2014 ; Unterauftrag der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg vom 01.06.2012 (2014)

Kaul, Peter

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins (2019)

Klein, Stephanie Elisabeth ; Alzagameem, Abla ; Rumpf, Jessica ; Korte, Imke ; Kreyenschmidt, Judith ; Schulze, Margit

Due to global ecological and economic challenges that have been correlated to the transition from fossil-based to renewable resources, fundamental studies are being performed worldwide to replace fossil fuel raw materials in plastic production. One aspect of current research is the development of lignin-derived polyols to substitute expensive fossil-based polyol components for polyurethane and polyester production. This article describes the synthesis of bioactive lignin-based polyurethane coatings using unmodified and demethylated Kraft lignins. Demethylation was performed to enhance the reaction selectivity toward polyurethane formation. The antimicrobial activity was tested according to a slightly modified standard test (JIS Z 2801:2010). Besides effects caused by the lignins themselves, triphenylmethane derivatives (brilliant green and crystal violet) were used as additional antimicrobial substances. Results showed increased antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the coating color could be varied from dark brown to green and blue, respectively.

Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) sequence variants with potential impact on the metabolism of the antiepileptic drug valproic acid (2019)

Tsortouktzidis, Despina ; Grundke, Kathleen ; Till, Claudia ; Korwitz-Reichelt, Anne ; Sass, Jörn Oliver

Intact Transition Epitope Mapping - Targeted High-Energy Rupture of Extracted Epitopes (ITEM-THREE) (2019)

Danquah, Bright D. ; Röwer, Claudia ; Opuni, Kwabena F. M. ; El-Kased, Reham ; Frommholz, David ; Illges, Harald ; Koy, Cornelia ; Glocker, Michael O.

Investigations into the influence of chemical activators and templates on cement hydration (2019)

Witzleben, Steffen

Non-Cytotoxic Agarose/Hydroxyapatite Composite Scaffolds for Drug Release (2019)

Witzler, Markus ; Ottensmeyer, Patrick Frank ; Gericke, Martin ; Heinze, Thomas ; Tobiasch, Edda ; Schulze, Margit

Healing of large bone defects requires implants or scaffolds that provide structural guidance for cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization. In the present work, an agarose-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was developed that acts not only as a 3D matrix, but also as a release system. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into the agarose gels in situ in various ratios by a simple procedure consisting of precipitation, cooling, washing, and drying. The resulting gels were characterized regarding composition, porosity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A pure phase of carbonated HA was identified in the scaffolds, which had pore sizes of up to several hundred micrometers. Mechanical testing revealed elastic moduli of up to 2.8 MPa for lyophilized composites. MTT testing on Lw35human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds were loaded with model drug compounds for guided hMSC differentiation. Different release kinetic models were evaluated for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and suramin, and data showed a sustained release behavior over four days.

Enhanced Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis for Putative Bone Grafts by Activating Purinergic Receptor Signaling During Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation (2019)

Tobiasch, Edda ; Bröker, Vanessa ; Shoushrah, Sarah ; Schulze, Margit

Sustainable Extraction and Characterisation of Bioactive Compounds from Horse Chestnut Seed Coats for the Development of Bio-Based Additives (2019)

Havelt, Thomas ; Brettschneider, Sarah ; Do, Xuan Tung ; Korte, Imke ; Kreyenschmidt, Judith ; Schmitz, Michaela

Background: To protect renewable packaging materials against autoxidation and decomposition when substituting harmful synthetic stabilizers with bioactive and bio-based compounds, extracts from Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds were evaluated. The study objectives were to determine the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds in horse chestnut seeds with regard to different seed fractions, improve their extraction, and to evaluate waste reuse. Methods: Different extraction techniques for field samples were evaluated and compared with extracts of industrial waste samples based on total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)). The molecular weight distribution and absorbance in ultraviolet range (UV) of seed coat extracts were determined, and the possibility of extracts containing proanthocyanidins was examined. Results: Seed coat extracts show a remarkable antioxidant activity and a high UV absorbance. Passive extractions are efficient and much less laborious. Applying waste product seed coats leads to a reduced antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and UV absorbance compared to the field sample counterparts. In contrast to peeled seed extracts, all seed coat extracts contain proanthocyanidins. Discussion: Seed coats are a potential source of bioactive compounds, particularly regarding sustainable production and waste reuse. With minimum effort, highly bioactive extracts with high potential as additives can be prepared.

Das Problem der kleinen Mengen - Auswirkung auf Training und Qualifizierung (2019)

Becher, Christopher ; Holtmann, Markus ; Makarow, Ramona ; Hepperle, Philline ; Kaul, Peter ; Convent, Stephan

Behördliche Anforderungen an ALB Spürhunde - ein Erfahrungsbericht (2019)

Kaul, Peter ; Makarow, Ramona ; Nüßer, Frank

Dem lieben Gott ins Handwerk pfuschen: Risiken und Chancen der Gentechnik (2004)

Weisshaar, Maria-Paz

Die Diskussion über Nutzen und Risiken der Biound Gentechnik beherrschte die Jahre von 1998 bis 2001. Die „grüne Gentechnik“ kämpfte auch 1997 gegen wachsende Widerstände. Erst als sich im Jahr 2001 die Medien mit der „roten“ Gentechnik befassten, sank der Anteil kritischer Vorbehalte und stieg die Akzeptanz gegenüber gentechnisch herstellten Medikamenten in der Bevölkerung. Die Entschlüsselung der menschlichen Erbanlage und die Diskussion um das Klonen von Menschen sowie die Forschung mit embryonalen Stammzellen führte neue Aspekte in die öffentliche Diskussion ein. Die Debatte findet seither auf allen politischen Ebenen statt. Im Zusammenhang mit der Genforschung werden in den Medien immer häufiger Moral und Ökonomie gegenübergestellt und gegeneinander abgewogen. In diesem Wirrwarr von unterschiedlichen und häufig auch widerstreitenden Interessen ist es nicht einfach, sich zurechtzufinden und schließlich zu einer eigenen Position zu gelangen. Umso wichtiger ist daher eine nüchterne Darstellung der Sachverhalte.

Characterization of horse-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (2019)

Bröker, Vanessa ; Hielscher, Dorothee ; Pansky, Andreas ; Pfannkuche, Kurt ; Tobiasch, Edda

Low-Input Crops as Lignocellulosic Feedstock for Second-Generation Biorefineries and the Potential of Chemometrics in Biomass Quality Control (2019)

Alzagameem, Abla ; Bergs, Michel ; Do, Xuan Tung ; Klein, Stephanie Elisabeth ; Rumpf, Jessica ; Larkins, Michael ; Monakhova, Yulia ; Pude, Ralf ; Schulze, Margit

Lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) provides a sustainable source of components to produce bioenergy, biofuel, and novel biomaterials. Besides hard and soft wood, so-called low-input plants such as Miscanthus are interesting crops to be investigated as potential feedstock for the second generation biorefinery. The status quo regarding the availability and composition of different plants, including grasses and fast-growing trees (i.e., Miscanthus, Paulownia), is reviewed here. The second focus of this review is the potential of multivariate data processing to be used for biomass analysis and quality control. Experimental data obtained by spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), can be processed using computational techniques to characterize the 3D structure and energetic properties of the feedstock building blocks, including complex linkages. Here, we provide a brief summary of recently reported experimental data for structural analysis of LCF biomasses, and give our perspectives on the role of chemometrics in understanding and elucidating on LCF composition and lignin 3D structure.

Short-range structural correlations in amorphous 2D polymers (2019)

Alexa, Patrick ; Oligschleger, Christina ; Gröger, Pascal ; Morchutt, Claudius ; Vyas, Vijay ; Lotsch, Bettina ; Schön, J. Christian ; Gutzler, Rico ; Kern, Klaus

Development of an Advanced Dynamic Microindentation System to Determine Local Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers (2019)

Ramakers-van Dorp, Esther ; Haenel, Thomas ; Ciongwa, Dominik ; Möginger, Bernhard ; Hausnerova, Berenika

This study presents a microindentation system which allows spatially resolved local as well as bulk viscoelastic material information to be obtained within one instrument. The microindentation method was merged with dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) for a tungsten cone indenter. Three tungsten cone indenters were investigated: tungsten electrode, tungsten electrode + 2% lanthanum, and tungsten electrode + rare earth elements. Only the tungsten electrode + 2% lanthanum indenter showed the sinusoidal response, and its geometry remained unaffected by the repeated indentations. Complex moduli obtained from dynamic microindentation for high-density polyethylene, polybutylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and thermoplastic polyurethane are in agreement with the literature. Additionally, by implementing a specially developed x-y-stage, this study showed that dynamic microindentation with a tungsten cone indenter was an adequate method to determine spatially resolved local viscoelastic surface properties.

Process-dependent structural and deformation properties of extrusion blow molding parts (2019)

Ramakers-van Dorp, Esther ; Blume, Christian ; Haedecke, Tobias ; Pata, Vladimir ; Reith, Dirk ; Bruch, Olaf ; Möginger, Bernhard ; Hausnerova, Berenika

In vitro discrimination and classification of Microbial Flora of Poultry using two dispersive Raman spectrometers (microscope and Portable Fiber-Optic systems) in tandem with chemometric analysis (2019)

Jaafreh, Sawsan ; Valler, Ole ; Kreyenschmidt, Judith ; Günther, Klaus ; Kaul, Peter

Disorders of ketone body transport and utilization as a cause of recurrent metabolic acidosis: succinyl-coenzyme A: 3-oxoacyl coenzyme A transferase (SCOT) deficiency (mutations in the OXCT1 gene) and monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) deficiency (2019)

Roloff, S. ; Stübbe, L. ; Gemperle-Britschgi, C. ; Yamamoto, R. ; Hennermann, J. ; Weinhold, N. ; Sass, J. O.

Antioxidant activity of unmodified kraft and organosolv lignins to be used as sustainable components for polyurethane coatings (2019)

Klein, Stephanie E. ; Rumpf, Jessica ; Alzagameem, Abla ; Rehahn, Matthias ; Schulze, Margit

Synthesis and Characterization of PVP-Stabilized Palladium Nanoparticles by XRD, SAXS, SP-ICP-MS, and SEM (2019)

Walbrück, Katharina ; Kuellmer, Fabian ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Guenther, Klaus

Due to increased emissions of palladium nanoparticles in recent years, it is important to develop analytical techniques to characterize these particles. The synthesis of defined and stable particles plays a key role in this process, as there are not many materials commercially available yet which could act as reference materials. Polyvinylpyrrolidone- (PVP-) stabilized palladium nanoparticles were synthesized through the reduction of palladium chloride by tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of KOH. Four different methods were used for particle size analysis of the palladium nanoparticles. Palladium suspensions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), single-particle ICP-MS (SP-ICP-MS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Secondary particles between 30 nm and 130 nm were detected in great compliance with SAXS and SP-ICP-MS. SEM analysis showed that the small particulates tend to form agglomerates.

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin and Lignin-Derived Cellulose and Chitosan Composites Against Selected Pathogenic and Spoilage Microorganisms (2019)

Alzagameem, Abla ; Klein, Stephanie Elisabeth ; Bergs, Michel ; Do, Xuan Tung ; Korte, Imke ; Dohlen, Sophia ; Hüwe, Carina ; Kreyenschmidt, Judith ; Kamm, Birgit ; Larkins, Michael ; Schulze, Margit

The antiradical and antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-based films are both of great interest for applications such as food packaging additives. The polyphenolic structure of lignin in addition to the presence of O-containing functional groups is potentially responsible for these activities. This study used DPPH assays to discuss the antiradical activity of HPMC/lignin and HPMC/lignin/chitosan films. The scavenging activity (SA) of both binary (HPMC/lignin) and ternary (HPMC/lignin/chitosan) systems was affected by the percentage of the added lignin: the 5% addition showed the highest activity and the 30% addition had the lowest. Both scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are dependent on the biomass source showing the following trend: organosolv of softwood > kraft of softwood > organosolv of grass. Testing the antimicrobial activities of lignins and lignin-containing films showed high antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 35 °C and at low temperatures (0-7 °C). Purification of kraft lignin has a negative effect on the antimicrobial activity while storage has positive effect. The lignin release in the produced films affected the activity positively and the chitosan addition enhances the activity even more for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Testing the films against spoilage bacteria that grow at low temperatures revealed the activity of the 30% addition on HPMC/L1 film against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens while L5 was active only against B. thermosphacta. In HPMC/lignin/chitosan films, the 5% addition exhibited activity against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens.

System Accuracy Assessment of a Blood Glucose Meter With Wireless Internet Access Associated With Unusual Hypoglycemia Patterns in Clinical Trials (2019)

Pfützner, Andreas ; Demircik, Filiz ; Kirsch, Valeria ; Pfützner, Johannes ; Strobl, Stephanie ; Hanna, Mina ; Spatz, Jan ; Pfützner, Anke H.

Laboratory Evaluation of Linearity, Repeatability, and Hematocrit Interference With an Internet-Enabled Blood Glucose Meter (2019)

Demircik, Filiz ; Kirsch, Valeria ; Ramljak, Sanja ; Vogg, Mario ; Pfützner, Anke H. ; Pfützner, Andreas

Faszinosum Spürhunde – Dem Geruch auf der Spur (2019)

Im September 2018 fand in Rheinbach das 4. Symposium für Odorologie – Faszinosum Spürhunde unter dem Titel „Dem Geruch auf der Spur“ statt. Mehr als 300 Fachleute aus Wissenschaft, Behörden, Militär, Zoll, Hilfsorganisationen, Jagd und Sport aus aller Welt trafen sich zu einem fachlichen Austausch.

Querempfindlichkeiten bei der Quarzanalytik mittels FTIR (2019)

Heck, Jonas ; Mattenklott, Markus

Aspartoacylase Deficiency (Canavan Disease, N-Acetylaspartic Aciduria) (2019)

Sass, Jörn Oliver ; Knerr, Ina

Effects of Silicon Compounds on Biomineralization, Osteogenesis, and Hard Tissue Formation (2019)

Götz, Werner ; Tobiasch, Edda ; Witzleben, Steffen ; Schulze, Margit

Bioinspired stem cell-based hard tissue engineering includes numerous aspects: The synthesis and fabrication of appropriate scaffold materials, their analytical characterization, and guided osteogenesis using the sustained release of osteoinducing and/or osteoconducting drugs for mesenchymal stem cell differentiation, growth, and proliferation. Here, the effect of silicon- and silicate-containing materials on osteogenesis at the molecular level has been a particular focus within the last decade. This review summarizes recently published scientific results, including material developments and analysis, with a special focus on silicon hybrid bone composites. First, the sources, bioavailability, and functions of silicon on various tissues are discussed. The second focus is on the effects of calcium-silicate biomineralization and corresponding analytical methods in investigating osteogenesis and bone formation. Finally, recent developments in the manufacturing of Si-containing scaffolds are discussed, including in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as recently filed patents that focus on the influence of silicon on hard tissue formation.

Hochschuldidaktik - Reden über Verantwortung (2019)

Groß, Iris ; Lehmann, Klaus

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