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Berufsgenossenschaft
(2004)
Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) is a very simple and efficient, solventless sample preparation method, invented by Pawliszyn and coworkers at the University of Waterloo (Canada) in 1989. This method has been widely used in different fields of analytical chemistry since its first applications to environmental and food analysis. SPME integrates sampling, extraction, concentration and sample introduction into a single solvent-free step. The method saves preparation time, disposal costs and can improve detection limits. It has been routinely used in combination with gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and successfully applied to a wide variety of ompounds, especially for the extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from environmental, biological and food samples.
Since the last twenty years, SPME in headspace (HS) mode is used as a valuable sample preparation technique for identifying degradation products in polymers and for determination of rest monomers and other light-boiling substances in polymeric materials. For more than ten years, our laboratory has been involved in projects focused on the application of HS-SPME-GC/MS for the characterization of polymeric materials from many branches of manufacturing and building industries. This book chapter describes the application examples of this technique for identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs), additives and degradation products in industrial plastics, rubber, and packaging materials.
Elektronik für Entscheider
(2017)
Dieses Buch gibt Nichtingenieuren, die sich beruflich mit Elektronik beschäftigen, die Möglichkeit, sich ein Stück auf dieses Fachgebiet zu begeben, um Aufgaben, Sprache und Vorgehensweise von Ingenieuren zu verstehen. Ziel ist es dabei nicht, nach dem Lesen dieses Buches eine elektronische Schaltung entwickeln zu können. Im Vordergrund steht vielmehr ein generelles Verständnis für die Zusammenhänge und Grundbegriffe der Elektronik.
Emotional communication is a key element of habilitation care of persons with dementia. It is, therefore, highly preferable for assistive robots that are used to supplement human care provided to persons with dementia, to possess the ability to recognize and respond to emotions expressed by those who are being cared-for. Facial expressions are one of the key modalities through which emotions are conveyed. This work focuses on computer vision-based recognition of facial expressions of emotions conveyed by the elderly.
Although there has been much work on automatic facial expression recognition, the algorithms have been experimentally validated primarily on young faces. The facial expressions on older faces has been totally excluded. This is due to the fact that the facial expression databases that were available and that have been used in facial expression recognition research so far do not contain images of facial expressions of people above the age of 65 years. To overcome this problem, we adopt a recently published database, namely, the FACES database, which was developed to address exactly the same problem in the area of human behavioural research. The FACES database contains 2052 images of six different facial expressions, with almost identical and systematic representation of the young, middle-aged and older age-groups.
In this work, we evaluate and compare the performance of two of the existing imagebased approaches for facial expression recognition, over a broad spectrum of age ranging from 19 to 80 years. The evaluated systems use Gabor filters and uniform local binary patterns (LBP) for feature extraction, and AdaBoost.MH with multi-threshold stump learner for expression classification. We have experimentally validated the hypotheses that facial expression recognition systems trained only on young faces perform poorly on middle-aged and older faces, and that such systems confuse ageing-related facial features on neutral faces with other expressions of emotions. We also identified that, among the three age-groups, the middle-aged group provides the best generalization performance across the entire age spectrum. The performance of the systems was also compared to the performance of humans in recognizing facial expressions of emotions. Some similarities were observed, such as, difficulty in recognizing the expressions on older faces, and difficulty in recognizing the expression of sadness.
The findings of our work establish the need for developing approaches for facial expression recognition that are robust to the effects of ageing on the face. The scientific results of our work can be used as a basis to guide future research in this direction.
Population ageing and growing prevalence of disability have resulted in a growing need for personal care and assistance. The insufficient supply of personal care workers and the rising costs of long-term care have turned this phenomenon into a greater social concern. This has resulted in a growing interest in assistive technology in general, and assistive robots in particular, as a means of substituting or supplementing the care provided by humans, and as a means of increasing the independence and overall quality of life of persons with special needs. Although many assistive robots have been developed in research labs world-wide, very few are commercially available. One of the reasons for this, is the cost. One way of optimising cost is to develop solutions that address specific needs of users. As a precursor to this, it is important to identify gaps between what the users need and what the technology (assistive robots) currently provides. This information is obtained through technology mapping.
The current literature lacks a mapping between user needs and assistive robots, at the level of individual systems. The user needs are not expressed in uniform terminology across studies, which makes comparison of results difficult. In this research work, we have illustrated the technology mapping of assistive robots using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). ICF provides standard terminology for expressing user needs in detail. Expressing the assistive functions of robots also in ICF terminology facilitates communication between different stakeholders (rehabilitation professionals, robotics researchers, etc.).
We also investigated existing taxonomies for assistive robots. It was observed that there is no widely accepted taxonomy for classifying assistive robots. However, there exists an international standard, ISO 9999, which classifies commercially available assistive products. The applicability of the latest revision of ISO 9999 standard for classifying mobility assistance robots has been studied. A partial classification of assistive robots based on ISO 9999 is suggested. The taxonomy and technology mapping are illustrated with the help of four robots that have the potential to provide mobility assistance. These are the SmartCane, the SmartWalker, MAid and Care-O-bot (R) 3. SmartCane, SmartWalker and MAid provide assistance by supporting physical movement. Care-O-bot (R) 3 provides assistance by reducing the need to move.
Recent work in image captioning and scene-segmentation has shown significant results in the context of scene-understanding. However, most of these developments have not been extrapolated to research areas such as robotics. In this work we review the current state-ofthe- art models, datasets and metrics in image captioning and scenesegmentation. We introduce an anomaly detection dataset for the purpose of robotic applications, and we present a deep learning architecture that describes and classifies anomalous situations. We report a METEOR score of 16.2 and a classification accuracy of 97 %.
Smart home systems change the way we experience the home. While there are established research fields within HCI for visualizing specific use cases of a smart home, studies targeting user demands on visualizations spanning across multiple use cases are rare. Especially, individual data-related demands pose a challenge for usable visualizations. To investigate potentials of an end-user development (EUD) approach for flexibly supporting such demands, we developed a smart home system featuring both pre-defined visualizations and a visualization creation tool. To evaluate our concept, we installed our prototype in 12 households as part of a Living Lab study. Results are based on three interview studies, a design workshop and system log data. We identified eight overarching interests in home data and show how participants used pre-defined visualizations to get an overview and the creation tool to not only address specific use cases but also to answer questions by creating temporary visualizations.
Smart home systems are becoming an integral feature of the emerging home IT market. Under this general term, products mainly address issues of security, energy savings and comfort. Comprehensive systems that cover several use cases are typically operated and managed via a unified dashboard. Unfortunately, research targeting user experience (UX) design for smart home interaction that spans several use cases or covering the entire system is scarce. Furthermore, existing comprehensive and user-centered longterm studies on challenges and needs throughout phases of information collection, installation and operation of smart home systems are technologically outdated. Our 18-month Living Lab study covering 14 households equipped with smart home technology provides insights on how to design for improving smart home appropriation. This includes a stronger sensibility for household practices during setup and configuration, flexible visualizations for evolving demands and an extension of smart home beyond the location.
Von Spechten, Regentropfen und Herzschlägen: Vergleichende Frequenzanalyse periodischer Signale
(2017)
Nahezu jede Einleitung allgemeinverständlicher Publikationen zur Herzratenvariabilität beginnt mit dem Wang Shu-He zugeschriebenen Zitat: "Wenn das Herz so regelmäßig wie das Klopfen eines Spechtes oder das Tröpfeln des Regens auf dem Dach wird, wird der Patient innerhalb von 4 Tagen sterben". Trotz der häufigen Verwendung dieses Zitats sind keine vergleichenden Analysen von Herzratenvariabilität, Spechttrommlern und Regentropfen verfügbar. Dies war Anlass zu den hier vorgestellten Messungen und dem Versuch, die gewonnenen Registrierungen durch geeignete Aufbereitung mit dem menschlichen Herzschlag vergleichen und zum Zitat ins Verhältnis setzen zu können.
Advances in computer graphics enable us to create digital images of astonishing complexity and realism. However, processing resources are still a limiting factor. Hence, many costly but desirable aspects of realism are often not accounted for, including global illumination, accurate depth of field and motion blur, spectral effects, etc. especially in real‐time rendering. At the same time, there is a strong trend towards more pixels per display due to larger displays, higher pixel densities or larger fields of view. Further observable trends in current display technology include more bits per pixel (high dynamic range, wider color gamut/fidelity), increasing refresh rates (better motion depiction), and an increasing number of displayed views per pixel (stereo, multi‐view, all the way to holographic or lightfield displays). These developments cause significant unsolved technical challenges due to aspects such as limited compute power and bandwidth. Fortunately, the human visual system has certain limitations, which mean that providing the highest possible visual quality is not always necessary. In this report, we present the key research and models that exploit the limitations of perception to tackle visual quality and workload alike. Moreover, we present the open problems and promising future research targeting the question of how we can minimize the effort to compute and display only the necessary pixels while still offering a user full visual experience.
Within qualitative interviews we examine attitudes towards driverless cars in order to investigate new mobility services and explore the impact of such services on everyday mobility. We identified three main issues that we would like to discuss in the workshop: (I) Designing beyond a driver-centric approach; (II) Developing mobility services for cars which drive themselves; and (III) Exploring self-driving practices.
Mobilitäts- und Nachhaltigkeitsforscher sehen sich bei der Erforschung des Mobilitätsverhaltens von Personen mit einer bunten Palette an Erhebungsmethoden konfrontiert. Erweitert wird diese Vielfalt in der letzten Zeit durch die Möglichkeit, dieses Verhalten direkt über die Smartphones der Probanden zu erfassen. Um die Auswahl geeigneter Methoden zu erleichtern, liefert die vorliegende Literaturstudie einen detaillierten Überblick zu Fragestellungen, Daten und Erhebungsmethoden, die im Bereich der Mobilitätsforschung zur Erfassung von Alltagsmobilität eingesetzt werden.
Dieser Artikel stützt sich auf das vom 13.10.2015 bis 12.01.2016 gemeinsam durchgeführten Praxisprojekt von ORBIT und der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg. Thema des Projekts waren die Methodenevaluation und Automatisierung von Auswertungsprozessen. Speziell ging es um die Überprüfung der von ORBIT entwickelten Methodik zur Anforderungsanalyse und Standortbestimmung – dem ORBIT-Navigator.
This paper introduces our robotic system named UGAV (Unmanned Ground-Air Vehicle) consisting of two semi-autonomous robot platforms, an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) and an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). The paper focuses on three topics of the inspection with the combined UGV and UAV: (A) teleoperated control by means of cell or smart phones with a new concept of automatic configuration of the smart phone based on a RKI-XML description of the vehicles control capabilities, (B) the camera and vision system with the focus to real time feature extraction e.g. for the tracking of the UAV and (C) the architecture and hardware of the UAV.
The MAP-Elites algorithm produces a set of high-performing solutions that vary according to features defined by the user. This technique to 'illuminate' the problem space through the lens of chosen features has the potential to be a powerful tool for exploring design spaces, but is limited by the need for numerous evaluations. The Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL) algorithm, introduced here, integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of evaluations required by MAP-Elites.
The ability of SAIL to efficiently produce both accurate models and diverse high-performing solutions is illustrated on a 2D airfoil design problem. The search space is divided into bins, each holding a design with a different combination of features. In each bin SAIL produces a better performing solution than MAP-Elites, and requires several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations. The CMA-ES algorithm was used to produce an optimal design in each bin: with the same number of evaluations required by CMA-ES to find a near-optimal solution in a single bin, SAIL finds solutions of similar quality in every bin.
A new method for design space exploration and optimization, Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL), is presented. Inspired by robotics techniques designed to produce diverse repertoires of behaviors for use in damage recovery, SAIL produces diverse designs that vary according to features specified by the designer. By producing high-performing designs with varied combinations of user-defined features a map of the design space is created. This map illuminates the relationship between the chosen features and performance, and can aid designers in identifying promising design concepts. SAIL is designed for use with compu-tationally expensive design problems, such as fluid or structural dynamics, and integrates approximative models and intelligent sampling of the objective function to minimize the number of function evaluations required. On a 2D airfoil optimization problem SAIL is shown to produce hundreds of diverse designs which perform competitively with those found by state-of-the-art black box optimization. Its capabilities are further illustrated in a more expensive 3D aerodynamic optimization task.
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite all the progress made in treating multiple myeloma, it still remains an incurable disease. Patients are left with a median survival of 4-5 years. The combined treatment of multiple myeloma with histone deacetylase inhibitors and cytokine-induced killer cells provides a promising targeted treatment option for patients. This study investigated the impact of a combined treatment compared to treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors. The experiments revealed that a treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could reduce cell viability to 59% for KMS 18 cell line and 46% for the U-266 cell line. The combined treatment led to a decrease of cell viability to 33% for KMS 18 and 27% for the U-266 cell line, thus showing a significantly better efficacy than the single treatment.
WiFi-based Long Distance (WiLD) networks have emerged as a promising alternative approach for Internet in rural areas. The main hardware components of these networks are commercial off-the-shelf WiFi radios and directional antennas. During our experiences with real-world WiLD networks, we encountered that interference among long-distance links is a major issue even with high gain directional antennas. In this work, we are providing an in-depth analysis of these interference effects by conducting simulations in ns-3. To closely match the real-world interference effects, we implemented a module to load radiation pattern of commonly used antennas. We analyze two different interference scenarios typically present as a part of larger networks. The results show that side-lobes of directional antennas significantly influence the throughput of long-distance WiFi links depending on the orientation. This work emphasizes that the usage of simple directional antenna models needs to be considered carefully.
This study contributes to the growing body of research concerning management consultancies by linking two previously disparate fields of study: (1) the examination of the effectiveness of consulting interventions and (2) the examination of the social processes that aim to create and legitimize the insights, knowledge and capabilities of management consultancies. We propose that consulting firms accumulate social authority in the course of pre-intervention discourse processes that is reflected in their reputation and celebrity. With respect to intervention, this social authority affects change recipients’ commitment to and compliance with the requirements of change implementation. We test the proposed relationships by conducting a measured variable path analysis of 117 change initiatives in German companies that were set up and implemented with the assistance of external consultancies. Our findings indicate that a consulting firm’s levels of both celebrity and reputation affect the change recipients’ commitment to proposed change strategies and thus, indirectly affect their behavioral compliance with the explicit requirements of change implementation.
Was ist dran am Hype um die Cloud? Während Gartner Research bereits von einem Abwärts trend spricht, sehen Prof. Alda und Prof. Bonne von der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg viele gewinnbringende Anwendungsszenarien in der Praxis. Insbesondere auf den Finance- und Accounting-Bereich lassen sich die positiven Vorteile einer Cloud- Lösung übertragen.
Die Forschung zur kontrovers diskutierten Robotik in der Pflege und Begleitung von Personen mit Demenz steht noch am Anfang, wenngleich bereits erste Systeme auf dem Markt sind. Der Beitrag gibt entlang beispielhafter, fallbezogener Auszüge Einblicke in das laufende multidisziplinäre Projekt EmoRobot, das sich explorativ und interpretativ mit der Erkundung des Einsatzes von Robotik in der emotionsorientierten Pflege und Versorgung von Personen mit Demenz befasst. Fokussiert werden dabei die je eigenen Relevanzen der Personen mit Demenz.
Sicherung des Jugend- und Spielerschutzes innerhalb des gewerblichen Geldspiels in Deutschland - 2.0
(2017)
Eine wissenschaftliche Analyse zur Zertifizierung des gewerblichen Geldspiels in Deutschland. Die Basis bildet die international und interdisziplinär validierte wissenschaftliche Expertise "Safeguarding the Protection of Minors and Players with Respect to Commercial Gambling in Germany - 2.0". Ziel ist die Qualitätssicherung für einen verantwortlichen Umgang mit Glücks- und Gewinnspielangeboten (Responsible Gaming). Dazu wird ein Prüfkatalog für das gewerbliche Geldspiel in Spielhallen und in Gaststätten vorgestellt und durch Musterformulare unterstützt. Dieses Zertifizierungsverfahren kann auch im internationalen Kontext Impulse geben und gegebenenfalls einen Standard setzen, auch zur Regulierung nicht-regulierter Glücks- und Gewinnspielangebote.