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This paper aspires to develop a deeper understanding of the sharing/collaborative/platform economy, and in particular of the technical mechanisms upon which the digital platforms supporting it are built. In surveying the research literature, the paper identifies a gap between studies from economical, social or socio-technical angles, and presentations of detailed technical solutions. Most cases study larger, ‘monotechnological’ platforms, rather than local platforms that lend components from several technologies. Almost no literature takes a design perspective. Rooted in Sharing & Caring, an EU COST Action (network), the paper presents work to systematically map out functionalities across domains of the sharing economy. The 145 technical mechanisms we collected illustrate how most platforms are depending on a limited number of functionalities that lack in terms of holding communities together. The paper points to the necessity of a better terminology and concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities for the design of future and more inclusive platforms.
Validierung einer Web-Applikation zum Fern-Monitoring von Belastungs- und Erholungsparametern
(2020)
Simultan zur agilen Entwicklung einer Web-Applikation, die Parameter der Belastungs- und Beanspruchungssteuerung erfasst, wurden die implementierten Belastungs- und Erholungs-parameter an freiwilligen Testern/innen in der Praxis überprüft. Um sowohl die Applikation als auch die z.T. selbst entwickelten Kenngrößen auf ihre externe Validität hin zu bewerten, werden diese regressionsanalytisch bearbeitet.
Efficient and comprehensive assessment of students knowledge is an imperative task in any learning process. Short answer grading is one of the most successful methods in assessing the knowledge of students. Many supervised learning and deep learning approaches have been used to automate the task of short answer grading in the past. We investigate why assistive grading with active learning would be the next logical step in this task as there is no absolute ground truth answer for any question and the task is very subjective in nature. We present a fast and easy method to harness the power of active learning and natural language processing in assisting the task of grading short answer questions. A webbased GUI is designed and implemented to incorporate an interactive short answer grading system. The experiments show that active learning saves the time and effort of graders in assessment and reaches the performance of supervised learning with less amount of graded answers for training.
Risikobasierte Authentifizierung (RBA) ist eine adaptive Sicherheitsmaßnahme zur Stärkung passwortbasierter Authentifizierung. Sie zeichnet Merkmale während des Logins auf und fordert zusätzliche Authentifizierung an, wenn sich Ausprägungen dieser Merkmale signifikant von den bisher bekannten unterscheiden. RBA bietet das Potenzial für gebrauchstauglichere Sicherheit. Bisher jedoch wurde RBA noch nicht ausreichend im Bezug auf Usability, Sicherheit und Privatsphäre untersucht. Dieser Extended Abstract legt das geplante Dissertationsvorhaben zur Erforschung von RBA dar. Innerhalb des Vorhabens konnte bereits eine Grundlagenstudie und eine darauf aufbauende Laborstudie durchgeführt werden. Wir präsentieren erste Ergebnisse dieser Studien und geben einen Ausblick auf weitere Schritte.
Trust is the lubricant of the sharing economy. This is true especially in peer-to-peer carsharing, in which one leaves a highly valuable good to a stranger in the hope of getting it back unscathed. Nowadays, ratings of other users are major mechanisms for establishing trust. To foster uptake of peer-to-peer carsharing, connected car technology opens new possibilities to support trust-building, e.g., by adding driving behavior statistics to users' profiles. However, collecting such data intrudes into rentees' privacy. To explore the tension between the need for trust and privacy demands, we conducted three focus group and eight individual interviews. Our results show that connected car technologies can increase trust for car owners and rentees not only before but also during and after rentals. The design of such systems must allow a differentiation between information in terms of type, the context, and the negotiability of information disclosure.
Towards an Interaction-Centered and Dynamically Constructed Episodic Memory for Social Robots
(2020)
There has been increasing interest in designing for dementia in recent years. Empirical investigation is now needed of the long-term role of caregivers in appropriating ICTs into the complex daily life of people with dementia (PwD). We present here the outcomes of a 4-month evaluation of the individual, social and institutional impact of a videogame-based training system. The everyday behavior and interactions of 52 PwD and 25 caregivers was studied qualitatively, focusing on the role played by caregivers in integrating the system into daily routines. Our results indicate that the successful appropriation of ICT for PwD depends partly on the physical, cognitive and social benefits for PwD, but especially on the added value perceived by their social care-network. We discuss the need for design in dementia to develop more socially embedded innovations that can address the social actors involved and thus contribute to practical solutions for professional and private care.