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It is know that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) actively secretemultiple biologically-active factors during their process of differentiation which gives rise to a variey of cytotypes including bone and fatcells. It is also acknowledged that the chemokines secreted throughoutMSC differentiation may play an important role in the development and growth of tumor cells, although literature data appear somewhat indeterminate due to the contradictory evidence often found.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for Regenerative Dentistry in particular due to their ability to differentiate towards osteoblasts, among other lineages. Tooth and jaw bone loss are frequent sequelae of traumatic and pathological conditions in both the young and the elderly and must be met by appropriate prosthetic replacements. For successful osseointegration of the dental implant a sufficient bone level is necessary. Besides the utilization of bone autografts or synthetic biomaterials, medical research is more and more focused on the utilization of MSCs. Compared to cells obtained from liposuction material, ectomesenchymal stem cells derived from the head area e.g. out of dental follicles or particulate, non-vascularized bone chips show a higher differentiation potential towards osteoblasts.
Die Vorteile, Nutzer aktiv, früh und langfristig in ntwicklungsprozesse zu integrieren, um Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden und Nutzerbedürfnisse zu adressieren, sind nicht nur in der akademischen Forschung bekannt. Prozesse und Strukturen in Unternehmen der IKT-Branche sind bereits häufig agil implementiert. Dennoch schaffen es kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) oftmals nicht, die Potentiale einer Nutzerintegration konsequent auszuschöpfen. In Fallstudien wurden drei unterschiedliche KMU analysiert, wie sie die Stimme des Nutzers im Entwicklungsprozess berücksichtigen. Unterschiedliche Strategien der Nutzerintegration, die sich in Rollen und Werkzeugen, in Anforderungen und Problemen an das Nutzersample, Methoden und Datenaufbereitung widerspiegeln, werden beleuchtet. Unser Beitrag soll helfen, Herausforderungen und Probleme von KMU auf der Suche nach angemessenen und passgenauen Wegen der Nutzerintegration zu verstehen und Lösungen zu gestalten.
Das Konzept des Living Lab ist eine in der Wissenschaft anerkannte Innovations- und Forschungsmethodik. Im betrieblichen Kontext - insbesondere in kleinen und mittleren Unternehmen (KMU) – wird sie bislang jedoch kaum genutzt. Um die Nutzung im kommerziellen Kontext von Smart Home zu erforschen, wird im Forschungsprojekt SmartLive aktuell ein Living Lab zum Thema aufgebaut, bei dem Unternehmen, Forscher sowie ca. 30 teilnehmenden Haushalte die alltägliche Nutzung von kommerziellen, sowie experimentell entwickelten Lösungen untersuchen und neue Interaktionskonzepte gemeinsam erarbeiten. Ferner wurden mit den teilnehmenden Unternehmen Interviews zu deren Entwicklungsprozessen, deren Einstellung zu Usability und User Experience (UUX), sowie den Potenzialen und Möglichkeiten eines Living Labs für KMU geführt. Ziel der Interviews ist es, darauf aufbauend UUX-Dienstleistungen zu identifizieren, die rund um ein kommerziell betriebenes Living Lab angeboten werden können. Hierbei wurde zunächst das Kompetenz-Netzwerk als ein wichtiges Asset eines Living Lab hervorgehoben, da es eine projektförmige Kooperation fördert. Zudem wurde der Bedarf nach flexiblen Dienstleistungen ähnlich einem Baukastensystem deutlich, mit dessen Hilfe relativ kurzfristig als auch nachhaltige innovative Konzepte erprobt, Marketingstrategien entwickelt sowie prototypische Entwicklungen hinsichtlich UUX und technischer Qualität evaluiert werden können.
Softwareentwickelnde kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) erkennen zunehmend, dass die nutzerzentrierte Gestaltung ein wichtiges, oft entscheidendes Kriterium für die Benutzerfreundlichkeit und damit den Erfolg ihrer Produkte ist. Stolpersteine auf dem Weg zum erfolgreichen Usability- und User Experience-Engineering sind dabei allerdings häufig die Unkenntnis der passenden Methoden bzw. die Befürchtung zu hohen Aufwands an Ressourcen und von Verzögerungen in der Produktentwicklung (vgl. Stade et al., 2013; Reckin & Brandenburg, 2013; Woywode et al., 2011).
Sustainable development needs sustainable production and sustainable consumption. During the last decades the encouragement of sustainable production has been the focus of research and policy makers under the implicit assumption that the observable increasing ‘green’ values of consumers would also entail a growing sustainable consumption. However, it has been found that the actual purchasing behaviour often deviates from ‘green’ attitudes. This phenomenon is called the attitude-behaviour gap. It is influenced by individual, social and situational factors. The main purchasing barriers for sustainable (organic) food are price, lack of immediate availability, sensory criteria, lack or overload of information as well as the low-involvement feature of food products in conjunction with well-established consumption routines, lack of transparency and trust towards labels and certifications.
The phenomenon of the deviation between purchase attitudes and actual buying behaviour of responsible consumers is called the attitude-behaviour gap. It is influenced by individual, social and situational factors. The main purchasing barriers for sustainable (organic) food are price, lack of immediate availability, sensory criteria, lack or overload of information as well as the low-involvement feature of food products in conjunction with well-established consumption routines, lack of transparency and trust towards labels and certifications. The last three barriers are mainly of a psychological nature. Especially the low-involvement feature of food products due to daily purchase routines and relatively low prices tends to result in fast, automatic and subconscious decisions based on a so-called human mental system 1, derived from Daniel Kahneman’s (Nobel-Prize laureate in Behavioural Economics) model in behavioural psychology. In contrast, the human mental system 2 is especially important for the transformations of individual behaviour towards a more sustainable consumption. Decisions based on the human mental system 2 are slow, logical, rational, conscious and arduous. This so-called dual action model also influences the reliability of responses in consumer surveys. It seems that the consumer behaviour is the most unstable and unpredictable part of the entire supply chain and requires special attention. Concrete measures to influence consumer behaviour towards sustainable consumption are highly complex. Reviews of interdisciplinary research literature on behavioural psychology, behavioural economics and consumer behaviour and an empirical analysis of selected countries worldwide with a view to sustainable food are presented. The example of Denmark serves as a ‘best practice’ case study to illustrate how sustainable food consumption can be encouraged. It demonstrates that common efforts and a shared responsibility of consumers, business, interdisciplinary researchers, mass media and policy are needed. It takes pioneers of change who succeed in assembling a ‘critical mass’ willing to increase its ‘sustainable’ behaviour. Considering the strong psychological barriers of consumers and the continuing low market share of organic food, proactive policy measures would be conducive to foster the personal responsibility of the consumers and offer incentives towards a sustainable production. Also, further self-obligations of companies (Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR) as well as more transparency and simplification of reliable labels and certifications are needed to encourage the process towards a sustainable development.
Although much effort is made to prevent risks arising from food, food-borne diseases are an ever-present threat to the consumers’ health. The consumption of fresh food that is contaminated with pathogens like fungi, viruses or bacteria can cause food poisoning that leads to severe health damages or even death. The outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in Germany and neighbouring countries in 2011 has shown this dramatically. Nearly 4.000 people were reported of being affected and more than 50 people died during the so called EHEC-crisis. As a result the consumers’ trust in the safety of fruits and vegetables decreased sharply.
Reducing energy consumption is one of the most pursued economic and ecologic challenges concerning societies as a whole, individuals and organizations alike. While politics start taking measures for energy turnaround and smart home energy monitors are becoming popular, few studies have touched on sustainability in office environments so far, though they account for almost every second workplace in modern economics. In this paper, we present findings of two parallel studies in an organizational context using behavioral change oriented strategies to raise energy awareness. Next to demonstrating potentials, it shows that energy feedback needs must fit to the local organizational context to succeed and should consider typical work patterns to foster accountability of consumption.
Reducing energy consumption is one of the most pursued economic and ecologic challenges concerning societies as a whole, individuals and organizations alike. While politics start taking measures for energy turnaround and smart home energy monitors are becoming popular, few studies have touched on sustainability in office environments so far, though they account for almost every second workplace in modern economics. In this paper, we present findings of two parallel studies in an organizational context using behavioral change oriented strategies to raise energy awareness. Next to demonstrating potentials, it shows that energy feedback needs must fit to the local organizational context to succeed and should consider typical work patterns to foster accountability of consumption.
Förderpreise 2015
(2015)
Praxisorientierte, wissenschaftliche Lehre und Forschung in enger Zusammenarbeit mit Unternehmen, Organisationen und gesellschaftlichen Gruppierungen ist das zentrale Leitbild des Fachbereichs Wirtschaftswissenschaften an der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg.
Alles dreht sich um's Denken im gerade erschienenen Jahresbericht 2014.
Im Interview erörtern Hochschulpräsident Hartmut Ihne und 3Sat-Moderator Gert Scobel den Denkbegriff - "Dürfen wir unsere Autonomie aus freien Stücken an Algorithmen abgeben?".
James Chamberlain, Leiter des Sprachenzentrums der H-BRS, geht der Frage auf den Grund, in wieweit sich das Denken in unterschiedlichen Sprachen unterscheidet.
Professor Paul Plöger vom Fachbereich Informatik erklärt, warum Roboter große Probleme damit haben, komplexe Zusammenhänge in offenen Umgebungen zu verstehen.
Der knapp 90 Seiten starke Jahresbericht verknüpft sein großes Thema mit der enormen Vielfalt von Leben, Forschung und Lehre an der H-BRS und wirft nicht nur einen Blick in die Zukunft der Hochschule.
Lehren an Hochschulen
(2015)
Die Servicestelle Lehrbeauftragtenpool ist ein vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) gefördertes Verbundprojekt der Hochschulen Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, Düsseldorf, Niederrhein und Rhein-Waal. Unser Ziel ist es, die Qualität der Lehre zu verbessern, indem wir Menschen mit Berufserfahrung an die Hochschulen und in die Lehre bringen.
The central theme of the 2014 Annual Report is human thinking.
In an interview, University President Hartmut Ihne and 3Sat moderator Gert Scobel discuss the concept of thought: "Should we be allowed to give up our autonomy voluntarily?"
Our university’s Language Centre Director James Chamberlain examines to what extent thinking varies in different languages.
Professor Paul Plöger from the Department of Computer Science explains why robots have tremendous problems understanding complex relationships in open environments.
Rather than focusing solely on our university’s future, the Annual Report links the fascinating theme to the enormous variety of life, research and tuition offered by H-BRS.
Annual Report 2013 - 2014
(2015)
Background: Falls and fall-related injuries are a serious public health issue. Exercise programs can effectively reduce fall risk in older people. The iStoppFalls project developed an Information and Communication Technology-based system to deliver an unsupervised exercise program in older people’s homes. The primary aims of the iStoppFalls randomized controlled trial were to assess the feasibility (exercise adherence, acceptability and safety) of the intervention program and its effectiveness on common fall risk factors.
Methods: A total of 153 community-dwelling people aged 65+ years took part in this international, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Intervention group participants conducted the exercise program for 16 weeks, with a recommended duration of 120 min/week for balance exergames and 60 min/week for strength exercises. All intervention and control participants received educational material including advice on a healthy lifestyle and fall prevention. Assessments included physical and cognitive tests, and questionnaires for health, fear of falling, number of falls, quality of life and psychosocial outcomes.
Results: The median total exercise duration was 11.7 h (IQR = 22.0) over the 16-week intervention period. There were no adverse events. Physiological fall risk (Physiological Profile Assessment, PPA) reduced significantly more in the intervention group compared to the control group (F1,127 = 4.54, p = 0.035). There was a significant three-way interaction for fall risk assessed by the PPA between the high-adherence (>90 min/week; n = 18, 25.4 %), low-adherence (<90 min/week; n = 53, 74.6 %) and control group (F2,125 = 3.12, n = 75, p = 0.044). Post hoc analysis revealed a significantly larger effect in favour of the high-adherence group compared to the control group for fall risk (p = 0.031), postural sway (p = 0.046), stepping reaction time (p = 0.041), executive functioning (p = 0.044), and quality of life (p for trend = 0.052).
Conclusions: The iStoppFalls exercise program reduced physiological fall risk in the study sample. Additional subgroup analyses revealed that intervention participants with better adherence also improved in postural sway, stepping reaction, and executive function.
Digitalisierung eines Pen-&-Paper-Rollenspiels mit Übertragung von Interaktionen in die reale Welt
(2015)
Das hier vorliegende Werk ist eine Zusammenführung des Masterprojekts und der darauf aufbauenden Masterarbeit von Antony Konstantinidis und Nicolas Kopp. Diese Arbeiten sind in den Jahren 2013 und 2014 entstanden und ergeben zusammen ein umfassendes Bild der Software- und Spielenentwicklung, der Konzeption von Echtzeitanwendungen und vermitteln Hintergründe aus den verschiedensten Bereichen der Mixed Reality, des Storytelling, der Netzwerkkonzeption und der künstlichen Intelligenz.
Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are technology systems and devices designed as an aid to the driver of a vehicle. One of the critical components of any ADAS is the traffic sign recognition module. For this module to achieve real-time performance, some preprocessing of input images must be done, which consists of a traffic sign detection (TSD) algorithm to reduce the possible hypothesis space. Performance of TSD algorithm is critical.
One of the best algorithms used for TSD is the Radial Symmetry Detector (RSD), which can detect both Circular [7] and Polygonal traffic signs [5]. This algorithm runs in real-time on high end personal computers, but computational performance of must be improved in order to be able to run in real-time in embedded computer platforms.
To improve the computational performance of the RSD, we propose a multiscale approach and the removal of a gaussian smoothing filter used in this algorithm. We evaluate the performance on both computation times, detection and false positive rates on a synthetic image dataset and on the german traffic sign detection benchmark [29].
We observed significant speedups compared to the original algorithm. Our Improved Radial Symmetry Detector is up to 5.8 times faster than the original on detecting Circles, up to 3.8 times faster on Triangle detection, 2.9 times faster on Square detection and 2.4 times faster on Octagon detection. All of this measurements were observed with better detection and false positive rates than the original RSD.
When evaluated on the GTSDB, we observed smaller speedups, in the range of 1.6 to 2.3 times faster for Circle and Regular Polygon detection, but for Circle detection we observed a decreased detection rate than the original algorithm, while for Regular Polygon detection we always observed better detection rates. False positive rates were high, in the range of 80% to 90%.
We conclude that our Improved Radial Symmetry Detector is a significant improvement of the Radial Symmetry Detector, both for Circle and Regular polygon detection. We expect that our improved algorithm will lead the way to obtain real-time traffic sign detection and recognition in embedded computer platforms.
Hox genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. They determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. Embryonic stem cells are usually devoid of any Hox gene expression, but these transcription factors are activated in varying spatial and temporal patterns defining the development of various body regions. In the adult body, Hox genes are among others responsible for driving the differentiation of tissue stem cells towards their respective lineages in order to repair and maintain the correct function of tissues and organs. Due to their involvement in the embryonic and adult body, they have been suggested to be useable for improving stem cell differentiations in vitro and in vivo. In many studies Hox genes have been found as driving factors in stem cell differentiation towards adipogenesis, in lineages involved in bone and joint formation, mainly chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, in cardiovascular lineages including endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiations, and in neurogenesis. As life expectancy is rising, the demand for tissue reconstruction continues to increase. Stem cells have become an increasingly popular choice for creating therapies in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are used more and more frequently due to their easy handling and accessibility, combined with a low tumorgenicity and little ethical concerns. This review therefore intends to summarize to date known correlations between natural Hox gene expression patterns in body tissues and during the differentiation of various stem cells towards their respective lineages with a major focus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiations. This overview shall help to understand the complex interactions of Hox genes and differentiation processes all over the body as well as in vitro for further improvement of stem cell treatments in future regenerative medicine approaches.
Although much effort is made to prevent risks arising from food, food-borne diseases are an ever present-threat to the consumers’ health. The consumption of fresh food that is contaminated with pathogens like fungi, viruses or bacteria can cause food poisoning that leads to severe health damages or even death. The outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in Germany and neighbouring countries in 2011 has shown this dramatically. Nearly 4.000 people were reported of being affected and more than 50 people died during the so called EHEC-crisis. As a result the consumers’ trust in the safety of fruits and vegetables decreased sharply.
Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) moench), a crop that is grown by subsistence farmers in Zimbabwe was used to extract silica gel in order to assess its possible use as a raw material for the production of silica-based products. The gel was prepared from sodium silicate extracted from sweet sorghum bagasse ash by sodium hydroxide leaching. Results show that maximum yield can be obtained at pH 5 and with 3 M sodium concentration. The silica gel prepared at optimum pH 5 had a bulk density of 0.5626 g/cm3 and anestimated porosity of 71.87%. Silica gel aged over 10 h had improved moisture adsorption properties. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) determinations show that the silica content in the ash is 40.1%. Characterization of sweet sorghum ash and silica gels produced at pH 5, 7 and 8.5 by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy gave absorption bands similar to those reported by other researchers.Transmission electron micrographs show that silica prepared under optimum conditions is amorphous and consisted of irregular particles. Sweet sorghum proved to be a potential low cost raw material for the production of silica gel.
Hand speed is particularly important in boxing both for protection against incoming blows and delivering blows. Sixteen amateur boxers (10 male, 6 female) with varying levels of experience from a boxing gym performed 20 jabs and 20 cross punches in air. The movement was recorded with a small wrist mounted accelerometer under the glove. The maximum velocity of each punch was determined from the RMS acceleration profile. The mean values of the jab maximal velocity was higher than the cross maximal velocity for 9 participants. The cross showed some dependence on reach (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.57) and the jab dependence on experience (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.56). The accelerometer technique has some promise for routine assessment of fist speed.