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High-sensitivity C-reactive protein as cardiovascular risk marker in patients with diabetes mellitus
(2006)
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. One laboratory marker for cardiovascular risk assessment is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP).
Methods: This cross-sectional study attempted to analyze the association of hsCRP levels with insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and macrovascular disease in 4270 non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes [2146 male, 2124 female; mean age ±SD, 63.9±11.1years; body mass index (BMI) 30.1±5.5kg/m2; disease duration 5.4±5.6years; hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.8±1.3%]. It consisted of a single morning visit with collection of a fasting blood sample. Observational parameters included several clinical scores and laboratory biomarkers.
Results: Stratification into cardiovascular risk groups according to hsCRP levels revealed that 934 patients had low risk (hsCRP <1mg/L), 1369 patients had intermediate risk (hsCRP 1–3mg/L), 1352 patients had high risk (hsCRP >3–10mg/L), and 610 patients had unspecific hsCRP elevation (>10mg/L). Increased hsCRP levels were associated with other indicators of diabetes-related cardiovascular risk (homeostatic model assessment, intact proinsulin, insulin, BMI, β-cell dysfunction, all p<0.001), but showed no correlation with disease duration or glucose control. The majority of the patients were treated with diet (34.1%; hsCRP levels 2.85±2.39mg/L) or metformin monotherapy (21.1%; 2.95±2.50mg/L hsCRP). The highest hsCRP levels were observed in patients treated with sulfonylurea (17.0%; 3.00±2.43mg/L).
Conclusions: Our results indicate that hsCRP may be used as a cardiovascular risk marker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and should be evaluated in further prospective studies.
Stem cell lineage differentiation toward adipocytes: Determination by induction media components
(2006)
Fixed-dose combination of pioglitazone and glimepiride in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus
(2007)
Rosiglitazone and glimeperide: review of clinical results supporting a fixed dose combination
(2007)
Holzfahrrad im Eigenbau
(2007)
Purpose – To describe the development of a novel polyether(meth)acrylate-based resin material class for stereolithography with alterable material characteristics.
Design/methodology/approach – A complete overview of details to composition parameters, the optimization and bandwidth of mechanical and processing parameters is given. Initial biological characterization experiments and future application felds are depicted. Process parameters are studied in a commercial 3D systems Viper stereolithography system, and a new method to determine these parameters is described herein.
Findings – Initial biological characterizations show the non-toxic behavior in a biological environment, caused mainly by the (meth)acrylate-based core components. These photolithographic resins combine an adjustable low Young’s modulus with the advantages of a non-toxic (meth)acrylate-based process material. In contrast to the mostly rigid process materials used today in the rapid prototyping industry, these polymeric formulations are able to fulfll the extended need for a soft engineering material. A short overview of sample applications is given.
Practical implications – These polymeric formulations are able to meet the growing demand for a resin class for rapid manufacturing that covers a bandwidth from softer to stiffer materials.
Originality/value – This paper gives an overview about the novel developed material class for stereolithography and should be therefore of high interest to people with interest in novel rapid manufacturing materials and technology.