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Förderpreise 2013
(2013)
The use of manually fed machines (e.g. table saws) bares risks of injury that are clearly above the average level of other high risk workplaces.
The wide use of such machines causes severe problems for occupational safety and implies high costs for medical treatments and accident annuities.
This thesis presents a new concept of a multispectral sensor to monitor an area in front of a danger zone to detect the user’s limbs and trigger safeguarding measures to prevent an accident in time.
The sensor concept realizes a contact-free material classification, which comprises the development of a system design and specific safety requirements with respect to international safety standards.
Furthermore, a prototypical implementation using four wavebands, which were determined for skin detection through an analysis of reflectance spectra acquired specifically for this purpose, was built.
This paper presents recent research on an active multispectral scanning sensor capable of classifying an object's surface material in order to distinguish between different kinds of materials and human skin. The sensor itself has already been presented in previous work and can be used in conjunction with safeguarding equipment at manually-fed machines or robot workplaces, for example. This work shows how an extended sensor system with advanced material classifiers can be used to provide additional value by distinguishing different materials of work pieces in order to suggest different tools or parameters for the machine (e.g. the use of a different saw blade or rotation speed at table saws). Additionally, a first implementation and evaluation of an active multispectral camera system addressing new safety applications is described. Both approaches intend to increase the productivity and the user's acceptance of the sensor technology.
Studierende und Absolventen der neuen Bachelorstudiengänge berichten über ihre Erfahrungen im Praxissemester. Sie wollen damit anderen Studierenden Mut machen, ihren persönlichen Weg ins Ausland zu finden, den ersten Schritt zu wagen und vor allem zur Planung eines eigenen Auslandspraxissemesters anregen. Ihre Beiträge zeigen, persönliche Erfahrungen und Entdeckungen im Ausland können das Leben bereichern und Freundschaften über Kulturen und Länder hinweg entstehen lassen.
Vom Signal zur Information
(2013)
"Die richtige Information zur richtigen Zeit am richtigen Ort", so lautet das Diktum der modernen Informationsgesellschaften. Methoden zur Beschaffung aktueller Informationen lernen die Studierenden des Fachbereichs Sozialversicherung gleich in mehreren Modulen während ihres Studiums in Hennef. Auf die Nutzung von BG-internen Informationssystemen wird dabei ebenso eingegangen wie auf die Inanspruchnahme sogenannter Informationsprovider wie beispielsweise dem Deutschen Institut für Medizinische Dokumentation und Information (DIMDI) oder den National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Der „vertrackte“ § 14 SGB IX
(2013)
The criteria for assessing the quality of rubber materials are the polymer or copolymer composition and the additives. These additives include plasticizers, extender oils, carbon black, inorganic fillers, antioxidants, heat and light stabilizers, processing aids, cross-linking agents, accelerators, retarders, adhesives, pigments, smoke and flame retardants, and others. Determination of additives in polymers or copolymers generally requires the extraction of these substances from the matrix as a first step, which can be challenging, and the subsequent analysis of the extracted additives by gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectrometry (MS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), HPLC-MS, capillary electrophoresis, thin-layer chromatography, and other analytical techniques. In the present work, nitrile rubber materials were studied using direct analytical flash pyrolysis hyphenated to GC and electrospray ionization MS in both scan and selected ion monitoring modes to demonstrate that this technique is a good tool to identify the organic additives in nitrile rubber.
Tamoxifen therapy of invasive breast cancer has been associated with increased levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) so that an endothelin-1 receptor (ETR) blockade has been suggested as a new therapeutic approach. This study analyzed the relationship between Tamoxifen and ET-1 signalling in invasive breast cancer. Using paraffinized tissue from 50 randomly chosen cases of invasive and in-situ ductal carcinoma from our archive, the expression of ETRs was analyzed by immune histology. ETRs were regularly detectable in normal breast tissue, but rarely in adjacent tumor areas (3/50 cases). By immunoprecipitation, a complex was found consisting of ET-1, estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen. Consequently, transcription of several target genes of ET-1 and estrogen receptors was detectable (interleukin-6, wnt-11 and a vimentin spliceform). In particular, the combination of Tamoxifen, ET-1, and estrogen receptors induced further increasing levels of these target genes. Some of these genes have been found upregulated in metastatically spreading breast cancer cells. We conclude: i) ETRs do not play a role in invasive or in-situ ductal breast cancer; ii) estrogen receptors and Tamoxifen build a complex with ET-1; and iii) upregulated transcription of target genes by ET-1–estrogen receptor–Tamoxifen complex may negatively influence breast cancer prognosis. These results indicate a role for ET-1 in Tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients leading to a potentially worsening prognosis.
Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important in tissue remodelling. Here we investigate the role of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in antibody-induced arthritis.
Methods: For this study we employed the K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model. Arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and MMP-13-deficient (MMP-13–/–) mice by intraperitoneal injection of 200 μl of K/BxN serum. Arthritis was assessed by measuring the ankle swelling. During the course of the experiments, mice were sacrificed every second day for histological examination of the ankle joints. Ankle sections were evaluated histologically for infiltration of inflammatory cells, pannus tissue formation and bone/cartilage destruction. Semi-quantitative PCR was used to determine MMP-13 expression levels in ankle joints of untreated and K/BxN serum-injected mice.
Results: This study shows that MMP-13 is a regulator of inflammation. We observed increased expression of MMP-13 in ankle joints of WT mice during K/BxN serum-induced arthritis and both K/BxN serum-treated WT and MMP-13–/– mice developed progressive arthritis with a similar onset. However, MMP-13–/– mice showed significantly reduced disease over the whole arthritic period. Ankle joints of WT mice showed severe joint destruction with extensive inflammation and erosion of cartilage and bone. In contrast, MMP-13–/– mice displayed significantly decreased severity of arthritis (50% to 60%) as analyzed by clinical and histological scoring methods.
Conclusions: MMP-13 deficiency acts to suppress the local inflammatory responses. Therefore, MMP-13 has a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, suggesting MMP-13 is a potential therapeutic target.
Increased endothelin-1 decreases PKC alpha (PKCα), resulting in high miRNA 15a levels in kidney tumors. Breast cancer cells treated with ET-1, β-estrogen, Tamoxifen, Tamoxifen + β-estrogen and Tamoxifen + ET-1 were analysed regarding miRNA 15a expression. Significantly increased miRNA 15a levels were found after ET-1, becoming further increased in Tamoxifen + ET-1 treated cells. Our group already showed that miRNA 15a induces MAPK p38 splicing resulting in a truncated product called Mxi-2, whose function has yet to be defined in tumors. We described for the first time in ET-1 induced tumor cells that Mxi-2 builds a complex with Ago2, a miRNA binding protein, which is important for the localization of miRNAs to the 3′UTR of target genes. Furthermore, we show that Mxi-2/Ago2 is important for the interaction with the miRNA 1285 which binds to the 3′end of the tumor suppressor gene p53, being responsible for the downregulation of p53. Tissue arrays from breast cancer patients were performed, analysing Mxi-2, p53 and PKCα. Since the Mxi-2 levels increase in Tamoxifen + ET-1 treated cells, we claim that increasing ET-1 levels in Tamoxifen treated breast cancer patients are responsible for decreasing p53 levels. In summary, ET-1 decreases nuclear PKCα levels, while increasing the amount of miRNA 15a. This causes high levels of Mxi-2, necessary for complex formation with Ago2. The newly identified Mxi-2/Ago2 complex interacting with miRNA 1285 leads to increased 3′UTR p53 interaction, resulting in decreased p53 levels and subsequent tumor progression. This newly identified mechanism is a possible explanation for the development of ET-1 induced tumors.
Im gemeinsamen Verbundprojekt analysierte das IZNE die Wahrnehmung gesundheitlicher und finanzieller Wertschöpfungsaspekte des betrieblichen Mobilitätsmanagements (BMM). Hierzu wurden 178 Betriebe schriftlich und 22 Betriebsleiter in persönlichen Interviews zu Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sowie 1.341 Arbeitnehmer aus 14 Unternehmen im Raum Bonn zu ihrem Mobilitätsverhalten befragt. Die Einschätzung der tatsächlichen Existenz und des gesundheitlichen und wirtschaftlichen Nutzens des BMM sollte Bedarf und Optimierungspotentiale erkennbar machen.
Produktionswirtschaft
(2013)
Controlling
(2013)
Eine zielorientierte Steuerung und die Erhöhung der Transparenz gehören zu den zentralen Aufgaben des Management in Unternehmen und in nichtkommerziellen Organisationen. Vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Umweltdynamik und einer hohen Komplexität, in denen Organisationen heute agieren, gewinnt ein modernes und zielorientiertes Controlling zur Erfüllung der anspruchsvollen Steuerungsaufgaben zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Qualitätsverbesserung und Zeitersparnis bei der Stipendienvergabe durch automatisierten Workflow
(2013)
Für die Vergabe der Deutschlandstipendien hatte die Hochschule anfangs ein Verfahren festgelegt, das viel manuelle Arbeitsschritte umfasst: Die Studierenden hatten ihre Bewerbungsunterlagen schriftlich einzureichen. Dazu gehörten neben einem Motivationsschreiben, einem Ausdruck des aktuellen Notenspiegels alle weiteren Referenzen zur Einschätzung der Bewerbung gemäß den gesetzlichen Auswahlkriterien. Als Grundlage zur Bewertung der „sozialen Kriterien“ sollten die Bewerberinnen und Bewerber ein Gutachten eines Professors oder einer Professorin der Hochschule einholen.
BWL für Dummies
(2013)
Molecular modeling is an important subdomain in the field of computational modeling, regarding both scientific and industrial applications. This is because computer simulations on a molecular level are a virtuous instrument to study the impact of microscopic on macroscopic phenomena. Accurate molecular models are indispensable for such simulations in order to predict physical target observables, like density, pressure, diffusion coefficients or energetic properties, quantitatively over a wide range of temperatures. Thereby, molecular interactions are described mathematically by force fields. The mathematical description includes parameters for both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions. While intramolecular force field parameters can be determined by quantum mechanics, the parameterization of the intermolecular part is often tedious. Recently, an empirical procedure, based on the minimization of a loss function between simulated and experimental physical properties, was published by the authors. Thereby, efficient gradient-based numerical optimization algorithms were used. However, empirical force field optimization is inhibited by the two following central issues appearing in molecular simulations: firstly, they are extremely time-consuming, even on modern and high-performance computer clusters, and secondly, simulation data is affected by statistical noise. The latter provokes the fact that an accurate computation of gradients or Hessians is nearly impossible close to a local or global minimum, mainly because the loss function is flat. Therefore, the question arises of whether to apply a derivative-free method approximating the loss function by an appropriate model function. In this paper, a new Sparse Grid-based Optimization Workflow (SpaGrOW) is presented, which accomplishes this task robustly and, at the same time, keeps the number of time-consuming simulations relatively small. This is achieved by an efficient sampling procedure for the approximation based on sparse grids, which is described in full detail: in order to counteract the fact that sparse grids are fully occupied on their boundaries, a mathematical transformation is applied to generate homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. As the main drawback of sparse grids methods is the assumption that the function to be modeled exhibits certain smoothness properties, it has to be approximated by smooth functions first. Radial basis functions turned out to be very suitable to solve this task. The smoothing procedure and the subsequent interpolation on sparse grids are performed within sufficiently large compact trust regions of the parameter space. It is shown and explained how the combination of the three ingredients leads to a new efficient derivative-free algorithm, which has the additional advantage that it is capable of reducing the overall number of simulations by a factor of about two in comparison to gradient-based optimization methods. At the same time, the robustness with respect to statistical noise is maintained. This assertion is proven by both theoretical considerations and practical evaluations for molecular simulations on chemical example substances.
Cost efficient energy monitoring in existing large buildings demands for autonomous indoor sensors with low power consumption, high performance in multipath fading channels and economic implementation. Good performance in multipath fading channels can be achieved with noncoherent chaotic modulation schemes such as chaos on-off keying (COOK) or differential chaos shift keying (DCSK). While COOK stands out in the area of power consumption, DCSK excels when it comes to its performance in noisy and multipath fading channels. This paper evaluates a combination of both schemes for autonomous indoor sensors. The simulation results show 50% less power consumption than DCSK and more than 3dB SNR gain in Rayleigh fading channels at BER=10-3 as compared to COOK, making it a promising candidate for low power transmission in autonomous wireless indoor sensors. We further present an enhanced version of this scheme showing another 1 dB SNR improvement, but at 25% less power consumption than DCSK.
The simulation of fluid flows is of importance to many fields of application, especially in industry and infrastructure. The modelling equations applied describe a coupled system of non-linear, hyperbolic partial differential equations given by one-dimensional shallow water equations that enable the consistent implementation of free surface flows in open channels as well as pressurised flows in closed pipes. The numerical realisation of these equations is complicated and challenging to date due to their characteristic properties that are able to cause discontinuous solutions.