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Simultaneous multifrequency radio observations of the Galactic Centre magnetar SGR J1745-2900
(2015)
Semantic Image Segmentation Combining Visible and Near-Infrared Channels with Depth Information
(2015)
Image understanding is a vital task in computer vision that has many applications in areas such as robotics, surveillance and the automobile industry. An important precondition for image understanding is semantic image segmentation, i.e. the correct labeling of every image pixel with its corresponding object name or class. This thesis proposes a machine learning approach for semantic image segmentation that uses images from a multi-modal camera rig. It demonstrates that semantic segmentation can be improved by combining different image types as inputs to a convolutional neural network (CNN), when compared to a single-image approach. In this work a multi-channel near-infrared (NIR) image, an RGB image and a depth map are used. The detection of people is further improved by using a skin image that indicates the presence of human skin in the scene and is computed based on NIR information. It is also shown that segmentation accuracy can be enhanced by using a class voting method based on a superpixel pre-segmentation. Models are trained for 10-class, 3-class and binary classification tasks using an original dataset. Compared to the NIR-only approach, average class accuracy is increased by 7% for 10-class, and by 22% for 3-class classification, reaching a total of 48% and 70% accuracy, respectively. The binary classification task, which focuses on the detection of people, achieves a classification accuracy of 95% and true positive rate of 66%. The report at hand describes the proposed approach and the encountered challenges and shows that a CNN can successfully learn and combine features from multi-modal image sets and use them to predict scene labeling.
TinyECC 2.0 is an open source library for Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) in wireless sensor networks. This paper analyzes the side channel susceptibility of TinyECC 2.0 on a LOTUS sensor node platform. In our work we measured the electromagnetic (EM) emanation during computation of the scalar multiplication using 56 different configurations of TinyECC 2.0. All of them were found to be vulnerable, but to a different degree. The different degrees of leakage include adversary success using (i) Simple EM Analysis (SEMA) with a single measurement, (ii) SEMA using averaging, and (iii) Multiple-Exponent Single-Data (MESD) with a single measurement of the secret scalar. It is extremely critical that in 30 TinyECC 2.0 configurations a single EM measurement of an ECC private key operation is sufficient to simply read out the secret scalar. MESD requires additional adversary capabilities and it affects all TinyECC 2.0 configurations, again with only a single measurement of the ECC private key operation. These findings give evidence that in security applications a configuration of TinyECC 2.0 should be chosen that withstands SEMA with a single measurement and, beyond that, an addition of appropriate randomizing countermeasures is necessary.
Schlussbericht HIGEDIS
(2015)
So far, sustainable HCI has mainly focused on the domestic context, but there is a growing body of work looking at the organizational context. As in the domestic context, these works still rest on psychological theories for behaviour change used for the domestic context. We supplement this view with an organizational theory-informed approach that adopts organizational roles as a key element. We will show how a role-based analysis could be applied to uncover information needs and to give em-ployee’s eco-feedback, which is linked to their tasks at hand. We illustrate the approach on a qualitative case study that was part of a broader, ongoing action research conducted in a German production company.
Hox genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. They determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. Embryonic stem cells are usually devoid of any Hox gene expression, but these transcription factors are activated in varying spatial and temporal patterns defining the development of various body regions. In the adult body, Hox genes are among others responsible for driving the differentiation of tissue stem cells towards their respective lineages in order to repair and maintain the correct function of tissues and organs. Due to their involvement in the embryonic and adult body, they have been suggested to be useable for improving stem cell differentiations in vitro and in vivo. In many studies Hox genes have been found as driving factors in stem cell differentiation towards adipogenesis, in lineages involved in bone and joint formation, mainly chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, in cardiovascular lineages including endothelial and smooth muscle cell differentiations, and in neurogenesis. As life expectancy is rising, the demand for tissue reconstruction continues to increase. Stem cells have become an increasingly popular choice for creating therapies in regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and differentiation potential. Especially mesenchymal stem cells are used more and more frequently due to their easy handling and accessibility, combined with a low tumorgenicity and little ethical concerns. This review therefore intends to summarize to date known correlations between natural Hox gene expression patterns in body tissues and during the differentiation of various stem cells towards their respective lineages with a major focus on mesenchymal stem cell differentiations. This overview shall help to understand the complex interactions of Hox genes and differentiation processes all over the body as well as in vitro for further improvement of stem cell treatments in future regenerative medicine approaches.
Binary relations with certain properties such as biorders, equivalences or difunctional relations can be represented as particular matrices. In order for these properties to be identified usually a rearrangement of rows and columns is required in order to reshape it into a recognisable normal form. Most algorithms performing these transformations are working on binary matrix representations of the underlying relations. This paper presents an approach to use the RLE-compressed matrix representation as a data structure for storing relations to test whether they are biorders in a hopefully more efficient way.
IT-accessiblity is often treated as an orphan in companies. Even though the proportion of disabled people is substantial and people become older and more susceptible to disabilities. Besides cost factors, companies often do not have a plan how to implement and control IT-accessibility successfully. However, most companies are familiar with IT-maturity frameworks to evaluate and improve their own IT-infrastructure. It would facilitate dealing with IT-accessibility, if IT-maturity frameworks consider IT-accessibility and provide recommendations and solutions for a successful implementation. Therefore, this article conducts a review of an acknowledged IT-maturity framework with regard to its capability to enable implementation of IT-accessibility in an organization. The first part of this article will illustrate the motivation and background for the authors concern with such a topic. Afterwards the authors will introduce the reader to the reviewed IT-maturity framework and provide basic knowledge on IT-accessibility. The main part of the article will deal with the review of the applied IT-maturity framework and outline examples of critical capabilities for successfully implementing IT-accessibility in an organization. The final section will derive implications and close with planned future research activities in this field.
Die Rückkehr ins Erwerbsleben (Return to Work, RTW) wird für onkologische Rehabilitanden zunehmend zum zentralen Behandlungsziel, wodurch auch die Bereitstellung spezifischer berufsorientierter Maßnahmen an Bedeutung gewinnt (z. B. Mehnert, Koch, 2012). Die Überprüfung der Behandlungsergebnisse solcher Maßnahmen stellt einen wichtigen Baustein des Qualitätsmanagements der Rehabilitationseinrichtungen dar. Im Rahmen der „Reha-QM-Outcome-Studie“ des Qualitätsverbundes Gesundheit und der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Baden-Württemberg (Nübling et al., 2014) wurde daher ein besonderes Augenmerk auf das Outcome und die RTW-Quote der onkologischen Patienten, auch im Vergleich zu anderen Hauptindikationen, gelegt.
[Context and motivation] Communication in distributed software development is usually supported by issue tracking systems. Within these systems, most of the communication is stored as unstructured natural language text. The natural language text, however, contains much information with respect to requirements management, e.g. discussion, clarification and prioritization of features, bugs, and refactorings. [Question] This paper investigates the information stored in the issue tracking systems of four different open-source projects. It categorizes the text and reports on the distribution of issue types and information types. [Principal ideas/results] A manual analysis of 80 issues, using a grounded approach, is conducted to derive a taxonomy of issue types and information types. Subsequently, the taxonomy is used as a codebook, to manually categorize and structure the text in another 120 issues. [Contribution] The first contribution of this paper is the taxonomy of issue and information types and the second contribution is an in-depth analysis of the natural language data and the communication. This analysis showed, for example, that information with respect to prioritization and scheduling can be found in natural language data, whether the ITS supports such tasks in a structured way or not.
In this doctoral thesis the curing process of visible light-curing (VLC) dental composites and 3D printing rapid prototyping (RP) materials are investigated with the focus on dielectric analysis (DEA). This method is able to monitor the curing of resins in an alternating electric fringe field with adjustable frequencies and is often used for cure control of composites manufacturing in the aviation and automotive industry but hardly established in dental science or RP method development. It is capable of investigating very fast initiation and primary curing processes using high frequencies in the kHz-range. The aim of the Thesis is a better understanding of the curing processes with respect to curing parameters such as resin composition, viscosity, temperature, and for light-curing composites also light intensity and irradiation depth. Due to the nature of both dental and RP systems an application of specific experimental set-up had to be designed allowing for the generation of reproducible and valid results. Subsequently, different evaluation methods were developed to characterize the curing behavior of both material types. A special focus was paid to the determination of kinetic parameters from DEA measurements. Reaction rates of the curing of the corresponding thermosets were calculated and applied to the ion viscosity curves measured by DEA to evaluate reaction kinetic parameters. For the dental composites it could be clearly shown that the initial curing rate is directly proportional to light intensity and not to its square root as proposed by many others authors. A good description of the curing behaviour of 3DP RP materials was also achieved assuming a reaction order smaller than one. This data provides the base for the kinetic modeling of polymerization and curing processes proposed within the Thesis.
Qualitätssicherung von Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen der Bundesagentur für Arbeit von 1969 bis heute
(2015)
Lignin ist bereits ein intensives Gebiet der Forschung, allerdings werden Verknüpfungen zwischen Quelle, Aufschlussmethode und Einsatz in der Literatur kaum beschrieben. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Lignine von verschiedenen Quellen (Weizenstroh, Buche, Nadelholz) und Aufschlussmethoden (AFEX, Wasserdampfaufschluss, Organosolv, Saure Hydrolyse) analytisch erfasst und hinsichtlich ihres Einsatzes in polymeren Materialien charakterisiert. Eine breite Auswahl an Methoden wurden eingesetzt, FT-IR- Spektroskopie, UV-Vis, 31P-NMR, GPC, Pyrolyse-GC/MS, sowie HPLC zur Bestimmung der Reinheit gemäß des NREL-Standard-Protokolls. Thermische Analysen, wie TGA und DSC zeigten Glasübergangstemperaturen um 120°C, sowie Zersetzungstemperaturen zwischen 340°C und 380°C. Die Ergebnisse weisen für das Organosolv-Buchenholz-Lignin hochreine Fraktionen auf, die bis dato noch nicht erreicht wurden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit identifizien die Organosolv-Buchenholz-Lignine als ein verwertbares Produkt im Hinblick auf die Anwendung in Polyurethanen sowie Phenol-Formaldehydharzen.
Secure vehicular communication has been discussed over a long period of time. Now,- this technology is implemented in different Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) projects in europe. In most of these projects a suitable Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for a secure communication between involved entities in a Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is needed. A first proposal for a PKI architecture for Intelligent Vehicular Systems (IVS PKI) is given by the car2car communication consortium. This architecture however mainly deals with inter vehicular communication and is less focused on the needs of Road Side Units. Here, we propose a multi-domain PKI architecture for Intelligent Transportation Systems, which considers the necessities of road infrastructure authorities and vehicle manufacturers, today. The PKI domains are cryptographically linked based on local trust lists. In addition, a crypto agility concept is suggested, which takes adaptation of key length and cryptographic algorithms during PKI operation into account.
Die psychische Komorbidität bei chronisch körperlichen Erkrankungen gilt als weitgehend belegt. Je nach Indikationsbereich variiert der Anteil zusätzlich psychisch erkrankter Patienten zwischen 16 und 24 % (4-Wochen-Prävalenz) bzw. zwischen 29 und 41 % (1-Jahres- Prävalenz; Härter et al., 2007). Aktuelle Konzepte legen eine stärkere Fokussierung auf psychosoziale, vor allem psychologische, psychotherapeutische und pädagogische Behandlungsbausteine innerhalb der stationären Rehabilitation nahe (Bengel et al., 2014; Seiter et al., 2012). Zusätzlich werden gezielte Nachsorgekonzepte entwickelt und erprobt (z. B. Deck, Hüppe, 2014). Der vorliegende Beitrag geht auf der Grundlage einer aktuellen Versichertenstichprobe der Frage nach, wie psychische Beeinträchtigung, Behandlungsempfehlung und nachfolgende Inanspruchnahme ambulanter psychotherapeutischer Leistungen zusammenhängen und mit welchen Behandlungsergebnissen sie assoziiert sind.
Unternehmen agieren in einem dynamischen Umfeld mit hoher Komplexität und Unsicherheit. Um dabei langfristig wettbewerbsfähig zu bleiben, ist eine kontinuierliche Optimierung der Prozesse erforderlich. Eine konsequente Prozessorientierung wird daher seit langem angestrebt. Zur Ermittlung des aktuellen Standes der Prozessorganisation in deutschen Unternehmen hat die Gesellschaft für Organisation e. V. (gfo) eine Studie durchführen lassen, deren erste Ergebnisse hier vorgestellt werden.
Die Vorteile, Nutzer aktiv, früh und langfristig in ntwicklungsprozesse zu integrieren, um Fehlentwicklungen zu vermeiden und Nutzerbedürfnisse zu adressieren, sind nicht nur in der akademischen Forschung bekannt. Prozesse und Strukturen in Unternehmen der IKT-Branche sind bereits häufig agil implementiert. Dennoch schaffen es kleine und mittlere Unternehmen (KMU) oftmals nicht, die Potentiale einer Nutzerintegration konsequent auszuschöpfen. In Fallstudien wurden drei unterschiedliche KMU analysiert, wie sie die Stimme des Nutzers im Entwicklungsprozess berücksichtigen. Unterschiedliche Strategien der Nutzerintegration, die sich in Rollen und Werkzeugen, in Anforderungen und Problemen an das Nutzersample, Methoden und Datenaufbereitung widerspiegeln, werden beleuchtet. Unser Beitrag soll helfen, Herausforderungen und Probleme von KMU auf der Suche nach angemessenen und passgenauen Wegen der Nutzerintegration zu verstehen und Lösungen zu gestalten.
Reducing energy consumption is one of the most pursued economic and ecologic challenges concerning societies as a whole, individuals and organizations alike. While politics start taking measures for energy turnaround and smart home energy monitors are becoming popular, few studies have touched on sustainability in office environments so far, though they account for almost every second workplace in modern economics. In this paper, we present findings of two parallel studies in an organizational context using behavioral change oriented strategies to raise energy awareness. Next to demonstrating potentials, it shows that energy feedback needs must fit to the local organizational context to succeed and should consider typical work patterns to foster accountability of consumption.
Rural areas often lack affordable broadband Internet connectivity, mainly due to the CAPEX and especially OPEX of traditional operator equipment [HEKN11]. This digital divide limits the access to knowledge, health care and other services for billions of people. Different approaches to close this gap were discussed in the last decade [SPNB08]. In most rural areas satellite bandwidth is expensive and cellular networks (3G,4G) as well as WiMAX suffer from the usually low population density making it hard to amortize the costs of a base station [SPNB08].
This paper proposes an Artificial Plasmodium Algorithm (APA) mimicked a contraction wave of a plasmodium of physarum polucephalum. Plasmodia can live using the contracion wave in their body to communicate to others and transport a nutriments. In the APA, each plasmodium has two information as the wave information: the direction and food index. We apply the APA to 4 types of mazes and confirm that the APA can solve the mazes.