Refine
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Fachbereich Informatik (58)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (44)
- Institut für funktionale Gen-Analytik (IFGA) (33)
- Präsidium (29)
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (27)
- Institute of Visual Computing (IVC) (18)
- Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften und Kommunikation (13)
- Institut für Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) (13)
- Fachbereich Sozialpolitik und Soziale Sicherung (6)
- Institut für Verbraucherinformatik (IVI) (6)
Document Type
- Article (107)
- Conference Object (64)
- Part of a Book (47)
- Part of Periodical (29)
- Book (monograph, edited volume) (21)
- Report (7)
- Lecture (5)
- Master's Thesis (5)
- Doctoral Thesis (4)
- Contribution to a Periodical (3)
Year of publication
- 2012 (301) (remove)
Keywords
- Wirtschaftsethik (7)
- Corporate Social Responsibility (5)
- Macht (5)
- Unternehmensethik (5)
- Ethik (4)
- ENaC (3)
- ISM: molecules (3)
- Lehrbuch (3)
- Management (3)
- Vertrauen (3)
A robot (e.g. mobile manipulator) that interacts with its environment to perform its tasks, often faces situations in which it is unable to achieve its goals despite perfect functioning of its sensors and actuators. These situations occur when the behavior of the object(s) manipulated by the robot deviates from its expected course because of unforeseeable ircumstances. These deviations are experienced by the robot as unknown external faults. In this work we present an approach that increases reliability of mobile manipulators against the unknown external faults. This approach focuses on the actions of manipulators which involve releasing of an object. The proposed approach, which is triggered after detection of a fault, is formulated as a three-step scheme that takes a definition of a planning operator and an example simulation as its inputs. The planning operator corresponds to the action that fails because of the fault occurrence, whereas the example simulation shows the desired/expected behavior of the objects for the same action. In its first step, the scheme finds a description of the expected behavior of the objects in terms of logical atoms (i.e. description vocabulary). The description of the simulation is used by the second step to find limits of the parameters of the manipulated object. These parameters are the variables that define the releasing state of the object.
Using randomly chosen values of the parameters within these limits, this step creates different examples of the releasing state of the object. Each one of these examples is labelled as desired or undesired according to the behavior exhibited by the object (in the simulation), when the object is released in the state corresponded by the example. The description vocabulary is also used in labeling the examples autonomously. In the third step, an algorithm (i.e. N-Bins) uses the labelled examples to suggest the state for the object in which releasing it avoids the occurrence of unknown external faults.
The proposed N-Bins algorithm can also be used for binary classification problems. Therefore, in our experiments with the proposed approach we also test its prediction ability along with the analysis of the results of our approach. The results show that under the circumstances peculiar to our approach, N-Bins algorithm shows reasonable prediction accuracy where other state of the art classification algorithms fail to do so. Thus, N-Bins also extends the ability of a robot to predict the behavior of the object to avoid unknown external faults. In this work we use simulation environment OPENRave that uses physics engine ODE to simulate the dynamics of rigid bodies.
Software testing in web services environment faces different challenges in comparison with testing in traditional software environments. Regression testing activities are triggered based on software changes or evolutions. In web services, evolution is not a choice for service clients. They have always to use the current updated version of the software. In addition test execution or invocation is expensive in web services and hence providing algorithms to optimize test case generation and execution is vital. In this environment, we proposed several approach for test cases' selection in web services' regression testing. Testing in this new environment should evolve to be included part of the service contract. Service providers should provide data or usage sessions that can help service clients reduce testing expenses through optimizing the selected and executed test cases.
The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide decreases Na⁺ transport across pulmonary epithelial cells
(2012)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transepithelial absorption of Na(+) in the lungs is crucial for the maintenance of the volume and composition of epithelial lining fluid. The regulation of Na(+) transport is essential, because hypo- or hyperabsorption of Na(+) is associated with lung diseases such as pulmonary oedema or cystic fibrosis. This study investigated the effects of the gaseous signalling molecule hydrogen sulphide (H(2) S) on Na(+) absorption across pulmonary epithelial cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Ion transport processes were electrophysiologically assessed in Ussing chambers on H441 cells grown on permeable supports at air/liquid interface and on native tracheal preparations of pigs and mice. The effects of H(2)S were further investigated on Na(+) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes and Na(+) /K(+)-ATPase activity in vitro. Membrane abundance of Na(+) /K(+)-ATPase was determined by surface biotinylation and Western blot. Cellular ATP concentrations were measured colorimetrically, and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations were measured with Fura-2. KEY RESULTS H(2)S rapidly and reversibly inhibited Na(+) transport in all the models employed. H(2)S had no effect on Na(+) channels, whereas it decreased Na(+) /K(+)-ATPase currents. H(2)S did not affect the membrane abundance of Na(+) /K(+)-ATPase, its metabolic or calcium-dependent regulation, or its direct activity. However, H(2)S inhibited basolateral calcium-dependent K(+) channels, which consequently decreased Na(+) absorption by H441 monolayers. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS H(2) S impairs pulmonary transepithelial Na(+) absorption, mainly by inhibiting basolateral Ca(2+)-dependent K(+) channels. These data suggest that the H(2)S signalling system might represent a novel pharmacological target for modifying pulmonary transepithelial Na(+) transport.
The vectorial transport of Na+ across epithelia is crucial for the maintenance of Na+ and water homeostasis in organs such as the kidneys, lung, or intestine. Dysregulated Na+ transport processes are associated with various human diseases such as hypertension, the salt-wasting syndrome pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1, pulmonary edema, cystic fibrosis, or intestinal disorders, which indicate that a precise regulation of epithelial Na+ transport is essential. Novel regulatory signaling molecules are gasotransmitters. There are currently three known gasotransmitters: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These molecules are endogenously produced in mammalian cells by specific enzymes and have been shown to regulate various physiological processes. There is a growing body of evidence which indicates that gasotransmitters may also regulate Na+ transport across epithelia. This review will summarize the available data concerning NO, CO, and H2S dependent regulation of epithelial Na+ transport processes and will discuss whether or not these mediators can be considered as true physiological regulators of epithelial Na+ transport biology.
BWL-Formeln für Dummies
(2012)
Die Darlegungsform von Nachhaltigkeitsleistungen sind üblicherweise gesondert ausgegebene Nachhaltigkeitsberichte auf die DAX-30-Unternehmen in ihren Geschäftsberichten hinweisen. Insbesondere die für kapitalmarktorientierte Unternehmen bedeutende Stakeholdergruppe der Analysten und Investoren fordert jedoch zunehmend eine integrative Darstellung aller Dimensionen der Triple-Bottom-Line auch im Lagebericht. Die gesetzlichen Offenlegungspflichten nach § 289 Abs. 3 bzw. § 315 Abs. 1 S. 4 HGB und DRS 15.32 erhöhen den Druck auf die DAX-30-Unternehmen zusätzlich. Diese Arbeit thematisiert im Kern das aktuelle Spannungsfeld zwischen Ökonomie, Ökologie und sozialem Engagement von Unternehmen. Auf Basis einer umfassenden theoretischen Analyse werden konkrete Kennzahlen zur Erfassung von Indikatoren der Nachhaltigkeit gebildet und deren Ausprägung bei den DAX 30 Unternehmen erarbeitet.
Die Debatte um das menschliche Erkenntnisvermögen, also die Frage nach der Art und Weise, wie Menschen Wissen und Erkenntnis erlangen, ist nicht neu, sondern sie stellt sich seitdem philosophische Fragen gestellt werden – ohne dass allerdings über die Jahrhunderte hinweg eine definitive Antwort auf diese Frage gefunden werden konnte.
Für die Entwicklung steuerungstechnischer Sicherheitsfunktionen muss ab 2012 die Normen EN ISO 13849-1 oder EN 62061 befolgt werden, die sowohl Anforderungen an die Hardware als auch Anforderungen an die Software beschreibt. Die Anforderungen an die Software spielten bis vor einigen Jahren kaum eine Rolle, da Sicherheitsfunktionen vorzugsweise in Hardware realisiert wurden. Heutzutage ist es jedoch sehr häufig üblich, Sicherheitsfunktionen mit einer dafür geeigneten programmierbaren SPS zu realisieren. Die neuen Normen bzgl. der sicheren Steuerung von Maschinen verlangen neben der Quantifizierung der Hardware-Ausfallraten von Sicherheitsfunktionen noch ein Management der Sicherheitsfunktionen. Dazu gehört auch ein Management der Softwareentwicklung für Sicherheitsfunktionen, um systematische Fehler zu minimieren. Dieses Management der Softwareentwicklung wird im Wesentlichen durch das V-Modell repräsentiert. Für die Maschinebauindustrie darf dieser Managementprozess nicht zu aufwendig sein, ansonsten wird dieser in der Praxis nur schwer angenommen. Eine Möglichkeit der Abarbeitung des V-Modells wird vorgestellt. Wahrscheinlich ist diese aufgezeigte Möglichkeit für die Industrie noch zu aufwendig.
Molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MoCD) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by severe and progressive neurological damage mainly caused by the loss of sulfite oxidase activity. Elevated urinary levels of sulfite, thiosulfate, and S-sulfocysteine (SSC) are hallmarks in the diagnosis of MoCD and sulfite oxidase deficiency (SOD). Recently, a first successful treatment of a human MoCD type A patient based on a substitution therapy with the molybdenum cofactor precursor cPMP has been reported, resulting in nearly complete normalization of MoCD biomarkers. Knowing the rapid progression of the disease symptoms in nontreated patients, an early diagnosis of MoCD as well as a sensitive method to monitor daily changes in SSC levels, a key marker of sulfite toxicity, is crucial for treatment outcome. Here, we describe a fast and sensitive method for the analysis of SSC in human urine samples using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The analysis is based on precolumn derivatization with O-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) and separation on a C18 reverse phase column coupled to UV detection. The method was extended to human serum analysis and no interference with endogenous amino acids was found. Finally, SSC values from 45 pediatric urine, 75 adult urine, and 24 serum samples from control individuals as well as MoCD patients are reported. Our method represents a cost-effective technique for routine diagnosis of MoCD and SOD, and can be used also to monitor treatment efficiency in those sulfite toxicity disorders on a daily basis.
This paper describes the development of a Pedelec controller whose performance level (PL) conforms to European standard on safety of machinery [9] and whose soft- ware is verified to conform to EPAC standard [6] by means of a software verification technique called model checking. In compliance with the standard [9] the hardware needs to implement the required properties corresponding to categories “C” and “D”. The latter is used if the breaks are not able to bring the velomobile with a broken motor controller to a full stop. Therefore the controller needs to implement a test unit, which verifies the functionality of the components and, in case of an emergency, shuts the whole hardware down to prevent injuries of the cyclist. The MTTFd can be measured through a failure graph, which is the result of a FMEA analysis, and can be used to proof that the Pedelec controller meets the regulations of the system specification. The analysis of the system in compliance with [9] usually treats the software as a black box thus ignoring its inner workings and validating its correctness by means of testing. In this paper we present a temporal logic specification according to [6], based on which the software for the Pedelec controller is implemented, and verify instead of only testing its functionality. By means of model checking [1] we proof that the software fulfills all requirements which are regulated by its specification.
For the case when the abstraction of instantaneous state transitions is adopted, this paper proposes to start fault detection and isolation in an engineering system from a single time-invariant causality bond graph representation of a hybrid model. To that end, the paper picks up on a long-known proposal to model switching devices by a transformer modulated by a Boolean variable and a resistor in fixed conductance causality accounting for its ON resistance. Bond graph representations of hybrid system models developed in this way have been used so far mainly for the purpose of simulation. The paper shows that they can well constitute an approach to the bond-graph-based quantitative fault detection and isolation of hybrid models. Advantages are that the standard sequential causality assignment procedure can be a used without modification. A single set of analytical redundancy relations valid for all physically feasible system modes can be (automatically) derived from the bond graph. Stiff model equations due to small values of the ON resistance in the switch model may be avoided by symbolic reformulation of equations and letting the ON resistance of some switches tend to zero, turning them into ideal switches.
First, for two examples considered in the literature, it is shown that the approach proposed in this paper can produce the same analytical redundancy relations as were obtained from a hybrid bond graph with controlled junctions and the use of a sequential causality assignment procedure especially for fault detection and isolation purpose. Moreover, the usefulness of the proposed approach is illustrated in two case studies by its application to standard switching circuits extensively used in power electronic systems and by simulation of some fault scenarios. The approach, however, is not confined to the fault detection and isolation of such systems. Analytically validated simulation results obtained by means of the program Scilab give confidence in the approach.
A bond graph representation of switching devices known for a long time has been a modulated transformer with a modulus b(t)∈{0,1}∀t≥0 in conjunction with a resistor R:Ron accounting for the ON-resistance of a switch considered non-ideal. Besides other representations, this simple model has been used in bond graphs for simulation of the dynamic behaviour of hybrid systems. A previous article of the author has proposed to use the transformer–resistor pair in bond graphs for fault diagnosis in hybrid systems. Advantages are a unique bond graph for all system modes, the application of the unmodified standard Sequential Causality Assignment Procedure, fixed computational causalities and the derivation of analytical redundancy relations incorporating ‘Boolean’ transformer moduli so that they hold for all system modes. Switches temporarily connect and disconnect model parts. As a result, some independent storage elements may temporarily become dependent, so that the number of state variables is not time-invariant. This article addresses this problem in the context of modelling and simulation of fault scenarios in hybrid systems. In order to keep time-invariant preferred integral causality at storage ports, residual sinks previously introduced by the author are used. When two storage elements become dependent at a switching time instance ts, a residual sink is activated. It enforces that the outputs of two dependent storage elements become immediately equal by imposing the conjugate3 power variable of appropriate value on their inputs. The approach is illustrated by the bond graph modelling and simulation of some fault scenarios in a standard three-phase switched power inverter supplying power into an RL-load in a delta configuration. A well-developed approach to model-based fault detection and isolation is to evaluate the residual of analytical redundancy relations. In this article, analytical redundancy relation residuals have been computed numerically by coupling a bond graph of the faulty system to one of the non-faulty systems by means of residual sinks. The presented approach is not confined to power electronic systems but can be used for hybrid systems in other domains as well. In further work, the RL-load may be replaced by a bond graph model of an alternating current motor in order to study the effect of switch failures in the power inverter on to the dynamic behaviour of the motor.
Oft wird die Gewinnung von Gastärzten aus dem Ausland als Möglichkeit zur kurz- und mittelfristigen Deckung des Ärztebedarfs in Kliniken in Erwägung gezogen. Die hohen Anforderungen von Landesprüfungsämtern, Arbeitsagenturen, Ausländerbehörden und Botschaften erweisen sich sowohl für Ärzte als auch Kliniken als schwer überwindbare Hürden. Insbesondere Sprachschwierigkeiten sowie mangelhafte fachliche und kulturelle Kenntnisse der internationalen Ärzte sind ohne professionelle Unterstützung kaum zu kompensieren.
In der Arbeit wurde ein Steuerungsframework für die LAMA-Bibliothek (http://www.libama.org) zur Konfiguration von Lösern linearer Gleichungssysteme entwickelt. Hierzu wurde ein Parser mit der Boost.Spirit-Biblithek realisiert, der die Laufzeitinterpretation einer domänenspezifische Sprache (DSL) erlaubt. Durch die Konfigurationssprache ist es möglich, Löser ohne Einschränkungen über ihre ID zu verknüpfen, diesen Lösern Logger und logisch verknüpfte Haltekriterien zuzuordnen.
3D Time-of-Flight (ToF)
(2012)
Um eine Software fertigzustellen und dem Endkunden zu übergeben muss zunächst der Entwicklungsprozess durchschritten werden. Das zügige Durchlaufen dieses Entwicklungsprozesses ist besonders für den Endkunden von entscheidender Bedeutung, da die Wartezeit auf das Softwareprodukt für ihn reduziert wird. Problematisch könnte beispielsweise dabei ein modulares Vorgehen werden, wenn zunächst alle einzelnen Teilkomponenten eines Softwareproduktes entwickelt und diese daraufhin in einer anschließenden Phase, auch Integrationsphase genannt, zusammengefügt würden. Die Länge dieser Integrationsphase kann nur schwer vorausgesagt werden, so dass weder das Entwicklerteam noch der Endkunde wissen, wie lang die Fertigstellung des Produktes dauern wird. Dabei entsteht ein weiterer Nachteil. Da die Komponenten separat voneinander entwickelt werden, könnte es passieren, dass diese beim finalen Zusammenfügen nicht kompatibel sein und müssten, falls notwendig, angepasst werden. Die Folge wäre eine Verschwendung von personellen und somit auch finanziellen Ressourcen seitens des entwickelnden Unternehmens.
Mikroökonomie: Grundlagen der Wissenschaft von Märkten und Institutionen wirtschaftlichen Handelns
(2012)
Die Mikroökonomie gehört zu den Kernfächern in wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Bachelor- und Masterprogrammen. Das vorliegende Buch bietet mit vielen Beispielen und Aufgaben, beispielsweise aus den Gebieten Arbeits-, Kapital-, Versicherungs-, Güter-, und Gesundheitsmarkt, die Möglichkeit, die Theorie anzuwenden und nachzuvollziehen.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Verfahren zur Analyse von Molekülen auf Grundlage ihrer molekularen Oberfläche und lokalen Werte für physiko-chemische und topografische Eigenschaften entwickelt. Der als Kernkomponente der Analyse entwickelte Fuzzy-Controller kombiniert molekulare Eigenschaften und selektiert die für Wechselwirkungen relevanten Merkmale auf der Oberfläche. Die Ergebnisse des Fuzzy-Controllers werden für die Berechnung von 3D-Deskriptoren und für die Visualisierung der ermittelten Domänen auf der Oberfläche herangezogen. Es werden zwei Arten von Deskriptoren berechnet. Deskriptoren, welche Flächeninhalte und Zugehörigkeiten zu den spezifizierten Bindungsmerkmalen der Domänen darstellen, und Deskriptoren, welche die räumliche Anordnung der Domänen zueinander beschreiben. Die vom Fuzzy-Controller überarbeitete Oberfläche wird im VRML-Format zur Visualisierung und weiteren Bearbeitung zur Verfügung gestellt. Die berechneten Deskriptoren werden zur Ähnlichkeitsanalyse von Liganden und zur Suche von komplementären Bereichen an der Bindungsstelle einesRezeptors eingesetzt. MTX in protonierter Form und DHF, die an das Enzym DHF-Reduktase binden, und die Inhibitoren Sildenafil, Tadalafil und Vardenafil des Enzyms PDE-5A wurden unter Ähnlichkeitsaspekten analysiert. Bei der Bestimmung von komplementären Bindungsmerkmalen wird ausgehend von den Bindungsmerkmalen eines Liganden nach komplementären Bereichen in der Bindungstasche des Rezeptors gesucht. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Bindungsstelle des Enzyms DHF-Reduktase aus den Komplexen mit MTX und DHF und des Enzyms PDE-5A aus den Komplexen mit Sildenafil, Vardenafil und Tadalafil betrachtet. Insgesamt haben die Anwendungsbeispiele gezeigt, dass der vorgestellte Fuzzy-Controller Bindungsmerkmale auf der molekularen Oberfläche identifiziert unddie darauf basierenden, rotations- und translationsinvarianten Deskriptoren zur Ähnlichkeitsanalyse und zur Suche von komplementären Bereichen angewendet werden können.
Auf dem Weg zur Promotion: Zur Benachteiligung von Fachhochschul-Absolventinnen und -Absolventen
(2012)
Das Team aus Sascha Czornohus, Katrin Dobersalske, Fabian Heuel und Nina Petrow bearbeitet mit seinem „Aufsatz Auf dem Weg zur Promotion: Strukturelle Benachteiligung von Fachhochschul-Absolventinnen und -Absolventen“ ein hochschulpolitisch brisantes und daher sensibles Thema, das die Hochschulpolitik inzwischen in offener Auseinandersetzung beschäftigt. Seit die Forschung unstreitig zu den Aufgaben der Fachhochschulen zählt, Promotion zu den Berufungsvoraussetzungen an ihnen gehört und alle Professoren an Universitäten ausgebildet wurden, wurde die Forderung nach Promotionszugängen für die Master-Absolventen der Fachhochschulen immer lauter. Teillösungen wurden gefunden, aber die Debatte wird breiter und umfasst inzwischen (auf dem Hintergrund der Profil- und Schwerpunktbildung mit sehr unterschiedlichem Ausbau der Fächer) die Frage, ob überhaupt ganzen Hochschulen das Promotionsrecht verliehen werden sollte oder von Fachbereich zu Fachbereich verschieden – auch bei Universitäten. Die Überzeugung, dass die Verteilung des Promotionsrechts in Deutschland überprüft werden sollte, breitet sich aus. Das HSW ist an der breiteren Diskussion dieses Themas interessiert.
Traditionally traffic simulations are used to predict traffic jams, plan new roads or highways, and estimate road safety. They are also used in computer games and virtual environments. There are two general concepts of modeling traffic: macroscopic and microscopic modeling. Macroscopic traffic models take vehicle collectives into account and do not consider individual vehicles. Parameters like average velocity and density are used to model the flow of traffic. In contrast, microscopic traffic models consider each vehicle individually. Therefore, vehicle specific parameters are of importance, e.g. current velocity, desired velocity, velocity difference to the lead vehicle, individual time gap.
Approximate clone detection is the process of identifying similar process fragments in business process model collections. The tool presented in this paper can efficiently cluster approximate clones in large process model repositories. Once a repository is clustered, users can filter and browse the clusters using different filtering parameters. Our tool can also visualize clusters in the 2D space, allowing a better understanding of clusters and their member fragments. This demonstration will be useful for researchers and practitioners working on large process model repositories, where process standardization is a critical task for increasing the consistency and reducing the complexity of the repository.
The ability to breathe air represents a fundamental step in vertebrate evolution that was accompanied by several anatomical and physiological adaptations. The morphology of the air-blood barrier is highly conserved within air-breathing vertebrates. It is formed by three different plies, which are represented by the alveolar epithelium, the basal lamina, and the endothelial layer. Besides these conserved morphological elements, another common feature of vertebrate lungs is that they contain a certain amount of fluid that covers the alveolar epithelium. The volume and composition of the alveolar fluid is regulated by transepithelial ion transport mechanisms expressed in alveolar epithelial cells. These transport mechanisms have been reviewed extensively. Therefore, the present review focuses on the properties and functional significance of the alveolar fluid. How does the fluid enter the alveoli? What is the fate of the fluid in the alveoli? What is the function of the alveolar fluid in the lungs? The review highlights the importance of the alveolar fluid, its volume and its composition. Maintenance of the fluid volume and composition within certain limits is critical to facilitate gas exchange. We propose that the alveolar fluid is an essential element of the air-blood barrier. Therefore, it is appropriate to refer to this barrier as being formed by four plies, namely (1) the thin fluid layer covering the apical membrane of the epithelial cells, (2) the epithelial cell layer, (3) the basal membrane, and (4) the endothelial cells.
IT-Controlling
(2012)
Big Data
(2012)
IT-Radar für BPM und ERP
(2012)
Mit dem IT-Radar für BPM und ERP liegt ein Instrument zur Unterstützung der aktiven Steuerung und Validierung der IT-Strategie vor. Die ersten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass klassische Aufgaben des BMP- und ERP-Managements wie Prozessintegration nach wie vor hohe Aktualität haben und neue Themen wie die dienstliche Nutzung privater Endgeräte (BYOD - Bring Your Own Device), die Verarbeitung von sehr großen Datenmengen (Big Data) und Echtzeitverarbeitung (In-Memory Computing) zwar intensiv auf die Agenda des Chief Information Officers (CIO) drängen, aber klassische Aufgaben nicht verdrängen.
Today’s computer systems face a vast array of severe threats that are posed by automated attacks performed by malicious software as well as manual attacks by individual humans. These attacks not only differ in their technical implementation but may also be location-dependent. Consequentially, it is necessary to join the information from heterogeneous and distributed attack sensors in order to acquire comprehensive information on current ongoing cyber attacks.
Multi-hop Netze sind seit vielen Jahren Forschungsthema. Seit einigen Jahren gibt es auch erste Realisierungen solcher Netze. Sie ermöglichen es, ohne feste Infrastruktur sich selbst organisierende Netze zu realisieren. Dies macht sie für vielfältige zivile wie taktische Szenarien interessant. In der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt der Fokus auf taktischen Szenarien, wie Szenarien der öffentlichen Sicherheit, militärischen oder Katastrophenszenarien. In solchen Szenarien kann für die Kommunikation auf der letzten Meile nicht von existierender Kommunikationsinfrastruktur ausgegangen werden. Taktische multi-hop Netze stellen eine Möglichkeit dar, die Kommunikation auf der letzen Meile trotzdem zu realisieren.
Jede Führungskraft hat ein bestimmtes Menschenbild, das ihre Arbeit und den Umgang mit den Mitarbeitern prägt. Diese Menschenbilder sind auch einem historischen Wandel unterworfen. Denn im Lauf der Jahrzehnte haben sich unsere Vorstellungen vom Menschen als Mitarbeiter grundlegend gewandelt. Welche Konsequenzen dieser Wandel für die Mitarbeiterführung hat, untersucht der folgende Artikel.
This paper compares the memory allocation of two Java virtual machines, namely Oracle Java HotSpot VM 32-bit (OJVM) and Jamaica JamaicaVM (JJVM). The basic difference of the architectures in both machines is that the JamaicaVM uses fixed-size blocks for allocating objects on the heap. The basic difference of the architectures is that the JJVM uses fixed size block allocation on the heap. This means that objects have to be split into several connected blocks if they are bigger than the specified block-size. On the other hand, for small objects a full block must be allocated. The paper contains both theoretical and experimental analysis on the memory-overhead. The theoretical analysis is based on specifications of the two virtual machines. The experimental analysis is done with a modified JVMTI Agent together with the SPECjvm2008 Benchmark.
Anfang Januar 2007 trat in Nordrhein-Westfalen (NRW) das Hochschulfreiheitsgesetz (HFG) in Kraft. Mit dem HFG hat sich die Landesregierung in NRW weit aus der Detailsteuerung der Hochschulen zurückgezogen und tritt lediglich noch für existenzielle Schadensereignisse ein. So sind die Hochschulen – Universitäten und Fachhochschulen – in NRW keine staatlichen Einrichtungen mehr, sondern Körperschaften des öffentlichen Rechts in staatlicher Trägerschaft. Hiermit folgt das neue Hochschulgesetz dem hochschulpolitischen Paradigmenwechsel von einem staatlich geplanten, weitgehend einheitlich gestalteten System zu einem durch Profilbildung und Wettbewerb geprägten Hochschulsystem. In diesem Artikel werden die damit verbundenen Problemstellungen und Lösungsoptionen aufgezeigt und als Empfehlung die Einführung eines Chancen- und Risikomanagements beschrieben.
Lichtlaufzeitsensor
(2012)
The relative contributions of radial and laminar optic flow to the perception of linear self-motion
(2012)
When illusory self-motion is induced in a stationary observer by optic flow, the perceived distance traveled is generally overestimated relative to the distance of a remembered target (Redlick, Harris, & Jenkin, 2001): subjects feel they have gone further than the simulated distance and indicate that they have arrived at a target's previously seen location too early. In this article we assess how the radial and laminar components of translational optic flow contribute to the perceived distance traveled. Subjects monocularly viewed a target presented in a virtual hallway wallpapered with stripes that periodically changed color to prevent tracking. The target was then extinguished and the visible area of the hallway shrunk to an oval region 40° (h) × 24° (v). Subjects either continued to look centrally or shifted their gaze eccentrically, thus varying the relative amounts of radial and laminar flow visible. They were then presented with visual motion compatible with moving down the hallway toward the target and pressed a button when they perceived that they had reached the target's remembered position. Data were modeled by the output of a leaky spatial integrator (Lappe, Jenkin, & Harris, 2007). The sensory gain varied systematically with viewing eccentricity while the leak constant was independent of viewing eccentricity. Results were modeled as the linear sum of separate mechanisms sensitive to radial and laminar optic flow. Results are compatible with independent channels for processing the radial and laminar flow components of optic flow that add linearly to produce large but predictable errors in perceived distance traveled.
The ability of detecting people has become a crucial subtask, especially in robotic systems which aim an application in public or domestic environments. Robots already provide their services e.g. in real home improvement markets and guide people to a desired product. In such a scenario many robot internal tasks would benefit from the knowledge of knowing the number and positions of people in the vicinity. The navigation for example could treat them as dynamical moving objects and also predict their next motion directions in order to compute a much safer path. Or the robot could specifically approach customers and offer its services. This requires to detect a person or even a group of people in a reasonable range in front of the robot. Challenges of such a real-world task are e.g. changing lightning conditions, a dynamic environment and different people shapes. In this thesis a 3D people detection approach based on point cloud data provided by the Microsoft Kinect is implemented and integrated on mobile service robot. A Top-Down/Bottom-Up segmentation is applied to increase the systems flexibility and provided the capability to the detect people even if they are partially occluded. A feature set is proposed to detect people in various pose configurations and motions using a machine learning technique. The system can detect people up to a distance of 5 meters. The experimental evaluation compared different machine learning techniques and showed that standing people can be detected with a rate of 87.29% and sitting people with 74.94% using a Random Forest classifier. Certain objects caused several false detections. To elimante those a verification is proposed which further evaluates the persons shape in the 2D space. The detection component has been implemented as s sequential (frame rate of 10 Hz) and a parallel application (frame rate of 16 Hz). Finally, the component has been embedded into complete people search task which explorates the environment, find all people and approach each detected person.
AV-Medientechnik
(2012)
Um Filme, TV-Beiträge oder Musikvideos professionell zu produzieren, ist die sichere Beherrschung der Produktionstechnik absolut erforderlich. Basierend auf den jeweiligen technischen und physiologischen Grundlagen vermittelt dieses Buch praxisnah die wesentlichen technischen Inhalte der Film- und Fernsehproduktion. (Verlagsangaben)
This paper describes adaptive time frequency analysis of EEG signals, both in theory as well as in practice. A momentary frequency estimation algorithm is discussed and applied to EEG time series of test persons performing a concentration experiment. The motivation for deriving and implementing a time frequency estimator is the assumption that an emotional change implies a transient in the measured EEG time series, which again are superimposed by biological white noise as well as artifacts. It will be shown how accurately and robustly the estimator detects the transient even under such complicated conditions.
YAWL User Group
(2012)
Stellt Product Placement eine bösartige Fehlentwicklung dar oder löst es erstarrte und verkrampfte Strukturen in unserem Mediensystem? Gehört es rigoros verboten oder kann es gemeinwohlorientiert reguliert werden? Das Phänomen sorgt in zyklischer Abfolge für hitzige Diskussionen, große Hoffnungen und noch größere Skandale.
Lichtlaufzeitkamera
(2012)
Controlling 2020
(2012)
Aufgrund der wachsenden Dynamik der Unternehmensumwelt, nimmt die allgemeine Unsicherheit über die zukünftigen Entwicklungsrichtungen der Unternehmen in Deutschland stetig zu. Vor diesem Hintergrund und für einen proaktiven Umgang mit zukünftigen Herausforderungen, sollten Controller ein besonderes Interesse daran haben, frühzeitig zu erfahren, welche Entwicklungen die Controllingpraxis in Zukunft tangieren werden. Trotz der steigenden Nachfrage kommt aktuell weder die akademische, noch die praxisorientierte Controllingforschung ihrer Prognosefunktion in ausreichendem Maße nach. Als wissenschaftlicher Beitrag für eine stärkere Zukunftsorientierung in der Controllingforschung zielt die vorliegende Arbeit darauf ab, mit Hilfe einer qualitativen Metaanalyse, aus Zukunftsbildern der Unternehmensumwelt Thesen über die zukünftige Entwicklung des Controllings in Deutschland bis 2020 aufzustellen und Implikationen für die Controllingpraxis abzuleiten.
In this paper, various enhanced sales forecast methodologies and models for the automobile market are presented. The methods used deliver highly accurate predictions while maintaining the ability to explain the underlying model at the same time. The representation of the economic training data is discussed, as well as its effects on the newly registered automobiles to be predicted. The methodology mainly consists of time series analysis and classical Data Mining algorithms, whereas the data is composed of absolute and/or relative market-specific exogenous parameters on a yearly, quarterly, or monthly base. It can be concluded that the monthly forecasts were especially improved by this enhanced methodology using absolute, normalized exogenous parameters. Decision Trees are considered as the most suitable method in this case, being both accurate and explicable. The German and the US-American automobile market are presented for the evaluation of the forecast models.
The topic of this PhD project is in the context of cross-reality, a term that defines mixed reality environments that tunnel dense real-world data acquired through the use of sensor/actuator device networks into virtual worlds. It is part of the ongoing academia and industry efforts to achieve interoperability between virtual and real devices and services.
After more than twenty years of research, the molecular events of apoptotic cell death can be succinctly stated; different pathways, activated by diverse signals, increase the activity of proteases called caspases that rapidly and irreversibly dismantle condemned cell by cleaving specific substrates. In this time the ideas that apoptosis protects us from tumourigenesis and that cancer chemotherapy works by inducing apoptosis also emerged. Currently, apoptosis research is shifting away from the intracellular events within the dying cell to focus on the effect of apoptotic cells on surrounding tissues. This is producing counterintuitive data showing that our understanding of the role of apoptosis in tumourigenesis and cancer therapy is too simple, with some interesting and provocative implications. Here, we will consider evidence supporting the idea that dying cells signal their presence to the surrounding tissue and, in doing so, elicit repair and regeneration that compensates for any loss of function caused by cell death. We will discuss evidence suggesting that cancer cell proliferation may be driven by inappropriate or corrupted tissue-repair programmes that are initiated by signals from apoptotic cells and show how this may dramatically modify how we view the role of apoptosis in both tumourigenesis and cancer therapy.
Sicherheit im Fährverkehr
(2012)