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Gleichlaufgelenke als Teil der Antriebswellen (Seitenwellen und Längswellen) sind in allen maßgeblichen Triebstrangkonfigurationen im direkten Leistungsfluss angeordnet. Ihre Hauptfunktion ist die Übertragung einer Antriebsleistung unter Ermöglichung von Abbeugung und Axialverschiebung. Dieser Beitrag soll einen Überblick zu den wesentlichen, auf dem heutigen Markt verbreiteten Bauweisen und ihren jeweiligen Einsatzgebieten geben. Besonders berücksichtigt werden hierbei neue Gelenkkonzepte, die sich aufgrund ihrer besonderen Gestaltung durch deutlich höhere Wirkungsgrade auszeichnen. Der Einfluss auf den Energieverbrauch soll quantifiziert werden, hierzu wird ein neuartiger Berechnungsansatz vorgestellt, der eine einfache Abschätzung des Einflusses von Wirkungsgradverbesserungen auf den Energieverbrauch für verschiedener Antriebskonzepte (ICE / Hybrid / E-Fahrzeuge) erlaubt.
During exercise, heart rate has proven to be a good measure in planning workouts. It is not only simple to measure but also well understood and has been used for many years for workout planning. To use heart rate to control physical exercise, a model which predicts future heart rate dependent on a given strain can be utilized. In this paper, we present a mathematical model based on convolution for predicting the heart rate response to strain with four physiologically explainable parameters. This model is based on the general idea of the Fitness-Fatigue model for performance analysis, but is revised here for heart rate analysis. Comparisons show that the Convolution model can compete with other known heart rate models. Furthermore, this new model can be improved by reducing the number of parameters. The remaining parameter seems to be a promising indicator of the actual subject’s fitness.
Analyzing training performance in sport is usually based on standardized test protocols and needs laboratory equipment, e.g., for measuring blood lactate concentration or other physiological body parameters. Avoiding special equipment and standardized test protocols, we show that it is possible to reach a quality of performance simulation comparable to the results of laboratory studies using training models with nothing but training data. For this purpose, we introduce a fitting concept for a performance model that takes the peculiarities of using training data for the task of performance diagnostics into account. With a specific way of data preprocessing, accuracy of laboratory studies can be achieved for about 50% of the tested subjects, while lower correlation of the other 50% can be explained.
The Fitness-Fatigue model (Calvert et al. 1976) is widely used for performance analysis. This antagonistic model is based on a fitness-term, a fatigue-term, and an initial basic level of performance. Instead of generic parameter values, individualizing the model needs a fitting of parameters. With fitted parameters, the model adapts to account for individual responses to strain. Even though in most cases fitting of recorded training data shows useful results, without modification the model cannot be simply used for prediction.
Wireless sensor networks are widely used in a variety of fields including industrial environments. In case of a clustered network the location of cluster head affects the reliability of the network operation. Finding of the optimum location of the cluster head, therefore, is critical for the design of a network. This paper discusses the optimisation approach, based on the brute force algorithm, in the context of topology optimisation of a cluster structure centralised wireless sensor network. Two examples are given to verify the approach that demonstrate the implementation of the brute force algorithm to find an optimum location of the cluster head.
Tierexperimentell konnte nachgewiesen werden, dass spezifische Ionenkanäle (vor allem TRPA1) des nozizeptiven Systems nachhaltig durch die Exposition mit blauem Licht moduliert werden können. Durch Nachweis der Wirksamkeit von nicht-visuellen Effekten einer Lichtexposition auf Somatosensorik und Nozizeption beim Menschen könnte der Einsatz einer Lichttherapie bei Patienten mit Erkrankungen des somatosensorischen Systems, insbesondere neuropathischen Schmerzen, von großer Bedeutung sein.
The mechanical properties of plastic components, especially if they are made of semi-crystalline polymers, are considerably influenced by the process conditions. The degree of crystallization influences thermal and mechanical properties. Even more important is the orientation of molecules due to stretching of the polymer melt. Anisotropic material properties are the result of such orientations. Up to now all these effects are not considered within the simulation models of blow molded parts.
Large bone defects require fabricated bone constructs that consist of three main components: an artificial extracellular matrix scaffold, stem cells with the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, and bioactive substances, such as osteoinductive growth factors to direct the growth and differentiation of cells toward osteogenic lineage within the scaffold.