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This paper picks up on one of the ways reported in the literature to represent hybrid models of engineering systems by bond graphs with static causalities. The representation of a switching device by means of a modulated transformer (MTF) controlled by a Boolean variable in conjunction with a resistor has been used so far to build a model for simulation. In this paper, it is shown that it can also constitute an approach to bond graph based quantitative fault detection and isolation in hybrid system models. Advantages are that Analytical Redundancy Relations (ARRs) do not need to be derived again after a switch state has changed. ARRs obtained from the bond graph are valid for all system modes. Furthermore, no adaption of the standard sequential causality assignment procedure (SCAP) with respect to fault detection and isolation (FDI) is needed.
Incremental Bond Graphs
(2011)
Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems: Theory, Applications and Software Support addresses readers to consider the potential and the state-of-the-art of bond graph modeling of engineering systems with respect to theory, applications and software support. Bond graph modelling is a physical modelling methodology based on first principles that is particularly suited for modelling multidisciplinary or mechatronic systems. This book covers theoretical issues and methodology topics that have been subject of ongoing research during past years, presents new promising applications such as the bond graph modeling of fuel cells and illustrates how bond graph modeling and simulation of mechatronic systems can be supported by software. This up-to-date comprehensive presentation of various topics has been made possible by the cooperation of a group of authors who are experts in various fields and share the “bond graph way of thinking.”
At present, data publication is one of the most dynamic topics in e-Research. While the fundamental problems of electronic text publication have been solved in the past decade, standards for the external and internal organisation of data repositories are advanced in some research disciplines but underdeveloped in others. We discuss the differences between an electronic text publication and a data publication and the challenges that result from these differences for the data publication process. We place the data publication process in the context of the human knowledge spiral and discuss key factors for the successful acquisition of research data from the point of view of a data repository. For the relevant activities of the publication process, we list some of the measures and best practices of successful data repositories.
In the past decade computer models have become very popular in the field of biomechanics due to exponentially increasing computer power. Biomechanical computer models can roughly be subdivided into two groups: multi-body models and numerical models. The theoretical aspects of both modelling strategies will be introduced. However, the focus of this chapter lies on demonstrating the power and versatility of computer models in the field of biomechanics by presenting sophisticated finite element models of human body parts. Special attention is paid to explain the setup of individual models using medical scan data. In order to reach the goal of individualising the model a chain of tools including medical imaging, image acquisition and processing, mesh generation, material modelling and finite element simulation –possibly on parallel computer architectures- becomes necessary. The basic concepts of these tools are described and application results are presented. The chapter ends with a short outlook into the future of computer biomechanics.
Nowadays, we input text not only on stationary devices, but also on handheld devices while walking, driving, or commuting. Text entry on the move, which we term as nomadic text entry, is generally slower. This is partially due to the need for users to move their visual focus from the device to their surroundings for navigational purposes and back. To investigate if better feedback about users' surroundings on the device can improve performance, we present a number of new and existing feedback systems: textual, visual, textual & visual, and textual & visual via translucent keyboard. Experimental comparisons between the conventional and these techniques established that increased ambient awareness for mobile users enhances nomadic text entry performance. Results showed that the textual and the textual & visual via translucent keyboard conditions increased text entry speed by 14% and 11%, respectively, and reduced the error rate by 13% compared to the regular technique. The two methods also significantly reduced the number of collisions with obstacles.
Ein SLA (Service Level Agreement) legt alle Punkte einer vertraglichen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Unternehmen und Service Provider verbindlich fest. Ein SLA muss sorgfältig erstellt werden, um ein Vertrauensverhältnis zwischen beiden Seiten herzustellen. Dabei geht es um inhaltliche, organisatorische und technische Anforderungen sowie um eine exakte Festlegung auf verwendete Fachbegriffe und Leistungskriterien. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt Punkt für Punkt den Inhalt eines SLA. Das sind u.a. die Benennung der Vetragspartner, die Leistungskriterien, die die Qualität des Dienstes sicherstellen sowie die Überwachung der Erbringung der vereinbarten Leistung und die Dauer des Vertrages.