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Die Nachfrage nach nachhaltigen und ökologischen Bau- und Dämmstoffen wächst, besonders im Hinblick auf den fortschreitenden Klimawandel und die knapper werdenden fossilen Ressourcen. Eine mögliche Alternative zu traditionellen Baustoffen stellen dabei nachwachsende Rohstoffe dar, denn diese sind im Vergleich zu fossilen Ressourcen CO2-neutral. [1,2]
BACKGROUND/AIM
Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are ex vivo expanded major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted cytotoxic cells with promising effects against a variety of cancer types. Regulatory T-cells (T-reg) have been shown to reduce the effectiveness of CIK cells against tumor cells. Peptide P60 has been shown to inhibit the immunosuppressive functions of T-regs. This study aimed at examining the effect of p60 on CIK cells efficacy against renal and pancreatic cancer cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The effect of P60 on CIK cytotoxicity was examined using flow cytometry, WST-8-based cell viability assay and interferon γ (IFNγ) ELISA.
RESULTS
P60 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the viability of renal and pancreatic cancer cell lines co-cultured with CIK cells. No increase in IFNγ secretion from CIK cells was detected following treatment with P60. P60 caused no changes in the distribution of major effector cell populations in CIK cell cultures.
CONCLUSION
P60 may potentiate CIK cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells.
High-precision, multidimensional holes are required in many technical applications. Due to its undercut shape, these kind of holes are usually manufactured from two sides of the work piece including a time-consuming co-axial alignment. Compared to current state of the art, a one-sided drilling strategy has numerous advantages regarding flexibility, precision and process efficiency. In this work, a helical drilling optic and an ultrashort pulse laser are utilized to fabricate a rotationally symmetric multidimensional-shaped hole in one single process step. The influences of single pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, rotation speed of laser beam as well as the drilling time on ablation depth are investigated. By varying the pulse energy and pulse density, the deposited energy per unit length on the single helical path can be adapted and thus the ablation depth can be scaled. With the adapted laser energy deposition, a T-shaped hole with a uniformed depth of about 80 mu m inlet is fabricated. Morphological analysis on the hole wall show excellent drilling quality without recast layers or heat-affected zones and roughness Rq < 0.35 mu m.
Background: We evaluated the Wellion Galileo GLU/KET blood and ketone (ß-Hydroxybutyrate, ß-OHB) meter to demonstrate that it meets ISO15107:2015 regulatory approval criteria. Research Design and Methods: A total of 100 subjects (52 female, age: 30 to 84 years, diabetes: 10 type 1/90 type 2) with blood glucose levels distributed over the entire measurement range as required by the ISO15197 protocol were tested (double determinations with 3 strip lots and two devices). A similar test protocol was followed to test ß-OHB strip performance (reference devices: YSI 2300plus for glucose and STANBIO ß-HOB LiquiColor TestKit for ß-OHB). Precision was tested for glucose with 3 blood glucose concentrations (ß-OHB: 2 control solutions). Results: All glucose test-strip lots met the strict ISO acceptance criteria. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) was 4.9% and all data pairs were in zone A of the consensus error grid. The ß-OHB test-strips also met the pre-defined acceptance criteria. Within-run and between-run precision was calculated to be 2.3% and 0.7% for the glucose strips (3.7%/0.8% for the ketone strips). Conclusions: When tested according to the ISO15197:2015 guideline, the device showed very accurate measurement performance for glucose and ß-OHB testing and fully met regulatory accuracy approval criteria.
Due to global ecological and economic challenges that have been correlated to the transition from fossil-based to renewable resources, fundamental studies are being performed worldwide to replace fossil fuel raw materials in plastic production. One aspect of current research is the development of lignin-derived polyols to substitute expensive fossil-based polyol components for polyurethane and polyester production. This article describes the synthesis of bioactive lignin-based polyurethane coatings using unmodified and demethylated Kraft lignins. Demethylation was performed to enhance the reaction selectivity toward polyurethane formation. The antimicrobial activity was tested according to a slightly modified standard test (JIS Z 2801:2010). Besides effects caused by the lignins themselves, triphenylmethane derivatives (brilliant green and crystal violet) were used as additional antimicrobial substances. Results showed increased antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the coating color could be varied from dark brown to green and blue, respectively.
Intact Transition Epitope Mapping - Targeted High-Energy Rupture of Extracted Epitopes (ITEM-THREE)
(2019)
Epitope mapping, which is the identification of antigenic determinants, is essential for the design of novel antibody-based therapeutics and diagnostic tools. ITEM-THREE is a mass spectrometry-based epitope mapping method that can identify epitopes on antigens upon generating an immune complex in electrospray-compatible solutions by adding an antibody of interest to a mixture of peptides from which at least one holds the antibody's epitope. This mixture is nano-electrosprayed without purification. Identification of the epitope peptide is performed within a mass spectrometer that provides an ion mobility cell sandwiched in-between two collision cells and where this ion manipulation setup is flanked by a quadrupole mass analyzer on one side and a time-of-flight mass analyzer on the other side. In a stepwise fashion, immune-complex ions are separated from unbound peptide ions and dissociated to release epitope peptide ions. Immune complex-released peptide ions are separated from antibody ions and fragmented by collision induced dissociation. Epitope-containing peptide fragment ions are recorded, and mass lists are submitted to unsupervised data base search thereby retrieving both, the amino acid sequence of the epitope peptide and the originating antigen. ITEM-THREE was developed with antiTRIM21 and antiRA33 antibodies for which the epitopes were known, subjecting them to mixtures of synthetic peptides of which one contained the respective epitope. ITEM-THREE was then successfully tested with an enzymatic digest of His-tagged recombinant human β-actin and an antiHis-tag antibody, as well as with an enzymatic digest of recombinant human TNFα and an antiTNFα antibody whose epitope was previously unknown.
The strength of hydrated cement and its cohesive properties are determined to a great extent by the structure of the calcium silicate hydrate phases. There is a description of investigations into the crystallization of calcium silicate hydrate (tobermorite) in the presence of various amino acids that lead to significant changes in the elementary cells.
Healing of large bone defects requires implants or scaffolds that provide structural guidance for cell growth, differentiation, and vascularization. In the present work, an agarose-hydroxyapatite composite scaffold was developed that acts not only as a 3D matrix, but also as a release system. Hydroxyapatite (HA) was incorporated into the agarose gels in situ in various ratios by a simple procedure consisting of precipitation, cooling, washing, and drying. The resulting gels were characterized regarding composition, porosity, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. A pure phase of carbonated HA was identified in the scaffolds, which had pore sizes of up to several hundred micrometers. Mechanical testing revealed elastic moduli of up to 2.8 MPa for lyophilized composites. MTT testing on Lw35human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Furthermore, scaffolds were loaded with model drug compounds for guided hMSC differentiation. Different release kinetic models were evaluated for adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) and suramin, and data showed a sustained release behavior over four days.
Background: To protect renewable packaging materials against autoxidation and decomposition when substituting harmful synthetic stabilizers with bioactive and bio-based compounds, extracts from Aesculus hippocastanum L. seeds were evaluated. The study objectives were to determine the antioxidant efficacy of bioactive compounds in horse chestnut seeds with regard to different seed fractions, improve their extraction, and to evaluate waste reuse. Methods: Different extraction techniques for field samples were evaluated and compared with extracts of industrial waste samples based on total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS)). The molecular weight distribution and absorbance in ultraviolet range (UV) of seed coat extracts were determined, and the possibility of extracts containing proanthocyanidins was examined. Results: Seed coat extracts show a remarkable antioxidant activity and a high UV absorbance. Passive extractions are efficient and much less laborious. Applying waste product seed coats leads to a reduced antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and UV absorbance compared to the field sample counterparts. In contrast to peeled seed extracts, all seed coat extracts contain proanthocyanidins. Discussion: Seed coats are a potential source of bioactive compounds, particularly regarding sustainable production and waste reuse. With minimum effort, highly bioactive extracts with high potential as additives can be prepared.
Die Diskussion über Nutzen und Risiken der Biound Gentechnik beherrschte die Jahre von 1998 bis 2001. Die „grüne Gentechnik“ kämpfte auch 1997 gegen wachsende Widerstände. Erst als sich im Jahr 2001 die Medien mit der „roten“ Gentechnik befassten, sank der Anteil kritischer Vorbehalte und stieg die Akzeptanz gegenüber gentechnisch herstellten Medikamenten in der Bevölkerung. Die Entschlüsselung der menschlichen Erbanlage und die Diskussion um das Klonen von Menschen sowie die Forschung mit embryonalen Stammzellen führte neue Aspekte in die öffentliche Diskussion ein. Die Debatte findet seither auf allen politischen Ebenen statt. Im Zusammenhang mit der Genforschung werden in den Medien immer häufiger Moral und Ökonomie gegenübergestellt und gegeneinander abgewogen. In diesem Wirrwarr von unterschiedlichen und häufig auch widerstreitenden Interessen ist es nicht einfach, sich zurechtzufinden und schließlich zu einer eigenen Position zu gelangen. Umso wichtiger ist daher eine nüchterne Darstellung der Sachverhalte.
Lignocellulose feedstock (LCF) provides a sustainable source of components to produce bioenergy, biofuel, and novel biomaterials. Besides hard and soft wood, so-called low-input plants such as Miscanthus are interesting crops to be investigated as potential feedstock for the second generation biorefinery. The status quo regarding the availability and composition of different plants, including grasses and fast-growing trees (i.e., Miscanthus, Paulownia), is reviewed here. The second focus of this review is the potential of multivariate data processing to be used for biomass analysis and quality control. Experimental data obtained by spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), can be processed using computational techniques to characterize the 3D structure and energetic properties of the feedstock building blocks, including complex linkages. Here, we provide a brief summary of recently reported experimental data for structural analysis of LCF biomasses, and give our perspectives on the role of chemometrics in understanding and elucidating on LCF composition and lignin 3D structure.
