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As from the beginning of the late 70's an impressive number of innovative electronic payment systems have been developed and tested commercially. However, the resulting variety and complexity of the systems have turned out to be one of the obstacles for the broad acceptance of electronic payment. In this paper we propose a process and service oriented framework, which offers a structural and conceptual orientation in the field of electronic payment. It renders possible an integral view on electronic payment that goes beyond the frame of an individual system. To do this, we have generalized the systems-oriented approaches to a phase-oriented payment model. Using this model, requirements and supporting services for electronic payment can be sorted systematically and described from both the customers' and the merchants' viewpoint. Providing integrated payment processes and services is proving to be a difficult task. With this paper we would like to outline the necessity for a Payment Service Provider to act as a mediator for suppliers and users of electronic payment systems.
A reference model is always developed in order to support a specific purpose. The development environment is setting the broader context. Limitations are not only set by size and experience of the modeler team or by budget and time constraints. The intended usage scenario also defines the fundamental contour of a reference model. During the practical work with reference models, a range of key issues has come up to increase the suitability of reference models for daily use. As the result of many projects, the authors have summarized the key issues and formulated critical success factors for reference modeling projects.
Currently, there is a global problem of an increasing need of energy. There will be less fossil fuel, which will be more expensive in the future. The regenerative energies are getting more and more important. The subject deals with the problem of economical feasibility of geothermal energy systems. Its goal is to analyze nessesary conditions and aspects for realizing geothermal energy systems in comparison to and competition with traditional energy sources. The geothermal energy recovery is economically advantageous if the investment costs, esp. the drilling costs, could be reduced significantly. It only seems possible to open up a big opportunity for realizing geothermal energy systems by using a rock melt drilling technology, to reduce the investment costs significantly.
Currently, there is a global problem of an increasing need of energy. There will be less fossil fuel, which will be more expensive in the future. The regenerative energies are becoming more and more important. The subject deals the problem of economical feasibility of geothermal energy systems. Its goal is to analyze necesary conditions and aspects of realizing geothermal energy systems in comparison to and competition with traditional energy sources. The geothermal energy recovery is economically advantageous if the investment costs, esp. the drilling costs, could be reduced significantly. It only seems possible to open up a big opportunity for realizing geothermal energy systems by using a rock melt drilling technology, to reduce the investment costs significantly.
Mergers and acquisitions take place all over the world and in many industries, typically motivated by corporate politics. While IT management is often not involved in the decision-making, it has to solve a wide range of problems in the post-merger phase. Indeed, merging two or more companies implies not only merging their core businesses, but also creating a new and efficiently integrated IT organisation from the individual ones, since persistence of the current IT organisations usually does not make sense. In addition, corporate management frequently imposes constraints, e.g., cost reductions, on the IT infrastructure. The principal critical success factor when merging IT organisations is the uninterrupted operation of the IT business, because a service gap is neither acceptable for in-house functional departments nor for external customers. Therefore, the IT rebuilding phase has to focus on IT services that facilitate the processes of functional departments, support processes, and processes of customers and suppliers, so that any transformation work is transparent to internal and external customers. In this article we describe a real-world but anonymous case study. Our goals are to highlight the points important for merging IT organisations, and to help decision-makers, particularly in the areas of IT organisation and IT personnel. We focus on the arising organisational and non-technical issues from a management perspective, i.e., the CIO's view, and provide checklists intended to help IT managers to address the most pressing issues. To assist CIOs surviving in the post merger phase, we give check lists for merging IT organisations, check lists for merging IT human resources, check lists for IT budgets and reporting, and assess activities in a merger scenario. IT hardware, software and IT infrastructure as well as running IT projects are not considered in this paper.
IT performance measurement is often associated by chief executive officers with IT cost cutting although IT protects business processes from increasing IT costs. IT cost cutting only endangers the company’s efficiency. This opinion discriminates those who do IT performance measurement in companies as a bean-counter. The present paper describes an integrated reference model for IT performance measurement based on a life cycle model and a performance oriented framework. The presented model was created from a practical point of view. It is designed lank compared with other known concepts and is very appropriate for small and medium enterprises (SME).
In this paper, we present the results of a controlled human experiment where students in a business process modelling course had to model a business process from a case study as part of their coursework. One group could take advantage of the continuous validation feature that is implemented in the bflow modelling tool, i.e. they were provided with alerts about modelling errors. A control group had to create a model for the same case study without using continuous validation. The results of the experiment indicate that the presence of continuous validation indeed has had a positive effect on the number of syntactic errors in business process models.
The short survey „Green IT 2009“ got a very pleasant feedback. The authors received 132 useful answers within only two weeks of survey (15th January until 31st January 2009). The electronic forms were sent to 1.000 companies in Germany and some neighbouring countries. The results show very clearly that the companies are already acting. Green IT has found its way into the companies in different ways and activities. But Green IT is known as a technical topic of IT management or building services engineering. The investments are made mostly in technical activities (energy saving hardware, virtualisation, cooling and more). From a business view the sourcing departments have to change their strategies and processes. The type and amount of IT investment decisions are not concerned by Green IT activities. The main targets of the companies are saving energy and costs followed by advancements in marketing and innovation.
Green IT (Green IS, Green ICT) is a concept of saving energy consumption to reduce IT costs. A current survey shows that only few companies in German speaking countries consider this aspect in their daily business. This is important facing the current situation of attempts of cost saving during the current economic crisis worldwide. This paper introduces into Green IT and presents an IT management and controlling concept. Then the main results of a currently presented survey are used to modify the concept. Finally an agenda for future research is given.
Green IT (Green IS, Green ICT) is a concept of saving energy consumption to reduce IT costs. A current survey shows that only few companies in German speaking countries consider this aspect in their daily business. This is important facing the current situation of attempts of cost saving during the current economic crisis worldwide. This paper introduces into Green IT and presents an IT management and controlling concept. Then the main results of a currently presented survey are used to modify the concept. Finally an agenda for future research is given