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- ENaC (13)
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信息时代的制造业及信息的价值 任守
(1995)
A framework of decision‐support systems in advanced manufacturing enterprises ‐ a systems view
(1997)
改进科技教育和科研工作--一位德国学者的几点看法
(1997)
While industrialized countries are becoming service economies, all countries are becoming global. As competition becomes more global, understanding and accommodating the needs of international customers with different cultural backgrounds has become increasingly important. This study highlights cross-cultural perceptions of service problems in the tourist industry.
Background: Bile acids, end products of the pathway for cholesterol elimination, are required for dietary lipid and fatsoluble vitamin absorption and maintain the balance between cholesterol synthesis in the liver and cholesterol excretion. They are composed of a steroid structure and are primarily made in the liver by the oxidation of cholesterol. Cholesterol is also highly abundant in the human ovarian follicle, where it is used in the formation of the sex steroids.
Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we describe for the first time evidence that all aspects of the bile acid synthesis pathway are present in the human ovarian follicle, including the enzymes in both the classical and alternative pathways, the nuclear receptors known to regulate the pathway, and the end product bile acids. Furthermore, we provide functional evidence that bile acids are produced by the human follicular granulosa cells in response to cholesterol presence in the culture media.
Conclusions/Significance: These findings establish a novel pathway present in the human ovarian follicle that has the capacity to compete directly with sex steroid synthesis.
In this work, preceramic papers containing 85 wt% Al2O3 were heat-treated at 1600 °C to obtain paper-derived ceramics. In order to increase the preceramic paper density prior to sintering, the papers were calendered at different roll temperatures and pressures. The influences of the calendering parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the preceramic papers and the paper-derived ceramics were investigated. It was expected that especially the mechanical properties of the papers and derived ceramics would be improved by calendering.
Although much effort is made to prevent risks arising from food, food-borne diseases are an ever-present threat to the consumers’ health. The consumption of fresh food that is contaminated with pathogens like fungi, viruses or bacteria can cause food poisoning that leads to severe health damages or even death. The outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in Germany and neighbouring countries in 2011 has shown this dramatically. Nearly 4.000 people were reported of being affected and more than 50 people died during the so called EHEC-crisis. As a result the consumers’ trust in the safety of fruits and vegetables decreased sharply.
The phenomenon of the deviation between purchase attitudes and actual buying behaviour of responsible consumers is called the attitude-behaviour gap. It is influenced by individual, social and situational factors. The main purchasing barriers for sustainable (organic) food are price, lack of immediate availability, sensory criteria, lack or overload of information as well as the low-involvement feature of food products in conjunction with well-established consumption routines, lack of transparency and trust towards labels and certifications. The last three barriers are mainly of a psychological nature. Especially the low-involvement feature of food products due to daily purchase routines and relatively low prices tends to result in fast, automatic and subconscious decisions based on a so-called human mental system 1, derived from Daniel Kahneman’s (Nobel-Prize laureate in Behavioural Economics) model in behavioural psychology. In contrast, the human mental system 2 is especially important for the transformations of individual behaviour towards a more sustainable consumption. Decisions based on the human mental system 2 are slow, logical, rational, conscious and arduous. This so-called dual action model also influences the reliability of responses in consumer surveys. It seems that the consumer behaviour is the most unstable and unpredictable part of the entire supply chain and requires special attention. Concrete measures to influence consumer behaviour towards sustainable consumption are highly complex. Reviews of interdisciplinary research literature on behavioural psychology, behavioural economics and consumer behaviour and an empirical analysis of selected countries worldwide with a view to sustainable food are presented. The example of Denmark serves as a ‘best practice’ case study to illustrate how sustainable food consumption can be encouraged. It demonstrates that common efforts and a shared responsibility of consumers, business, interdisciplinary researchers, mass media and policy are needed. It takes pioneers of change who succeed in assembling a ‘critical mass’ willing to increase its ‘sustainable’ behaviour. Considering the strong psychological barriers of consumers and the continuing low market share of organic food, proactive policy measures would be conducive to foster the personal responsibility of the consumers and offer incentives towards a sustainable production. Also, further self-obligations of companies (Corporate Social Responsibility – CSR) as well as more transparency and simplification of reliable labels and certifications are needed to encourage the process towards a sustainable development.
Warum wir tun, was andere wollen: Psychologische Determinanten informeller Macht in Organisationen
(2012)
Hand speed is particularly important in boxing both for protection against incoming blows and delivering blows. Sixteen amateur boxers (10 male, 6 female) with varying levels of experience from a boxing gym performed 20 jabs and 20 cross punches in air. The movement was recorded with a small wrist mounted accelerometer under the glove. The maximum velocity of each punch was determined from the RMS acceleration profile. The mean values of the jab maximal velocity was higher than the cross maximal velocity for 9 participants. The cross showed some dependence on reach (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.57) and the jab dependence on experience (Spearman's correlation coefficient r = 0.56). The accelerometer technique has some promise for routine assessment of fist speed.
Virtual reality environments are increasingly being used to encourage individuals to exercise more regularly, including as part of treatment in those with mental health or neurological disorders. The success of virtual environments likely depends on whether a sense of presence can be established, where participants become fully immersed in the virtual environment. Exposure to virtual environments is associated with physiological responses, including cortical activation changes. Whether the addition of a real exercise within a virtual environment alters sense of presence perception, or the accompanying physiological changes, is not known. In a randomized and controlled study design, trials of moderate-intensity exercise (i.e. self-paced cycling) and no-exercise (i.e. automatic propulsion) were performed within three levels of virtual environment exposure. Each trial was 5-min in duration and was followed by post-trial assessments of heart rate, perceived sense of presence, EEG, and mental state. Changes in psychological strain and physical state were generally mirrored by neural activation patterns. Furthermore these change indicated that exercise augments the demands of virtual environment exposures and this likely contributed to an enhanced sense of presence.
Viele Controller verzeichnen steigende IT-Kosten, die zum Teil durch Lizenzkosten verursacht werden. Oft werden Kosteneinsparungen durch ineffizientes oder fehlendes Lizenzmanagement nicht realisiert, zudem sehen sich zahlreiche Unternehmen zusehends mit dem Problem nicht budgetierter Nachlizenzierungen, aufgrund steigender Aktivitäten der Softwarehersteller im Bereich der Lizenzierungsüberprüfung, konfrontiert. Der Beitrag zeigt die Problematik des IT-Lizenzmanagements und grundsätzliche Lösungsmöglichkeiten auf. Ein Referenzmodell demonstriert, wie im praktischen Anwendungsfall eine Kostensenkung und Prozessverbesserung realisiert werden kann.
Digitales Geld
(2015)
Industrie 4.0: Digitale Wirtschaft – Herausforderung und Chance für Unternehmen und Arbeitswelt
(2015)
Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre werden neue Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in der Arbeitswelt genutzt, in wachsendem Ausmaß und mit wachsender Bedeutung. Die verstärkte Digitalisierung verändert sowohl die Wirtschaft als auch die Gesellschaft. Es wird sogar von der "vierten industriellen Revolution" gesprochen, denn traditionelle Geschäftsmodelle geraten unter Druck.
Für eine erfolgreiche Strategie im Bereich Customer Relationship Management (CRM) ist ein solches Integrationsniveau notwendig – schließlich endet die Interaktion mit dem Kunden nicht mit dem Auftrag. Vertriebs- und Serviceanwendungen für den Kundenkontakt mit Backoffice-Prozessen in Finanz- und Supply-Chain-Management-Lösungen zu verbinden ist lediglich der Anfang eines durchgängigen Prozesses, in den auch Vertriebspartner und Wiederverkäufer einbezogen werden müssen.