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Zwischen Tradition und Digitalisierung – Unternehmenskulturen sozialer Organisationen im Wandel
(2018)
Messkampagnen im Projekt METPVNET zur Verbesserung der PV- Erzeugungsprognose auf Verteilnetzebene
(2018)
Estimation of Prediction Uncertainty for Semantic Scene Labeling Using Bayesian Approximation
(2018)
With the advancement in technology, autonomous and assisted driving are close to being reality. A key component of such systems is the understanding of the surrounding environment. This understanding about the environment can be attained by performing semantic labeling of the driving scenes. Existing deep learning based models have been developed over the years that outperform classical image processing algorithms for the task of semantic labeling. However, the existing models only produce semantic predictions and do not provide a measure of uncertainty about the predictions. Hence, this work focuses on developing a deep learning based semantic labeling model that can produce semantic predictions and their corresponding uncertainties. Autonomous driving needs a real-time operating model, however the Full Resolution Residual Network (FRRN) [4] architecture, which is found as the best performing architecture during literature search, is not able to satisfy this condition. Hence, a small network, similar to FRRN, has been developed and used in this work. Based on the work of [13], the developed network is then extended by adding dropout layers and the dropouts are used during testing to perform approximate Bayesian inference. The existing works on uncertainties, do not have quantitative metrics to evaluate the quality of uncertainties estimated by a model. Hence, the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves is proposed and used as an evaluation metric in this work. Further, a comparative analysis about the influence of dropout layer position, drop probability and the number of samples, on the quality of uncertainty estimation is performed. Finally, based on the insights gained from the analysis, a model with optimal configuration of dropout is developed. It is then evaluated on the Cityscape dataset and shown to be outperforming the baseline model with an AUC-ROC of about 90%, while the latter having AUC-ROC of about 80%.
Once aberrantly activated, the Wnt/βcatenin pathway may result in uncontrolled proliferation and eventually cancer. Efforts to counter and inhibit this pathway are mainly directed against βcatenin, as it serves a role on the cytoplasm and the nucleus. In addition, speciallygenerated lymphocytes are recruited for the purpose of treating liver cancer. Peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes are expanded by the timely addition of interferon γ, interleukin (IL)1β, IL2 and anticluster of differentiation 3 antibody. The resulting cells are called cytokineinduced killer (CIK) cells. The present study utilised these cells and combine them with drugs inhibiting the Wnt pathway in order to examine whether this resulted in an improvement in the killing ability of CIK cells against liver cancer cells. Drugs including ethacrynic acid (EA) and ciclopirox olamine (CPX) were determined to be suitable candidates, as determined by previous studies. Drugs were administered on their own and combined with CIK cells and then a cell viability assay was performed. These results suggest that EAtreated cells demonstrated apoptosis and were significantly affected compared with untreated cells. Unlike EA, CPX killed normal and cancerous cells even at low concentrations. Subsequent to combining EA with CIK cells, the potency of killing was increased and a greater number of cells died, which proves a synergistic action. In summary, EA may be used as an antihepatocellular carcinoma drug, while CPX possesses a high toxicity to cancerous as well as to normal cells. It was proposed that EA should be integrated into present therapeutic methods for cancer.
This paper documents the reversal of pension privatization and the reforms that took place in the 1990s and 2000s in Poland. The report analyses the political economy of different reform proposals, and the characteristics of the new pension system, including laws enacted, coverage, benefit adequacy, financing and contribution rates, governance and social security administration, social dialogue, positive impacts and other key issues of Poland’s pension system.
In presence of conflicting or ambiguous visual cues in complex scenes, performing 3D selection and manipulation tasks can be challenging. To improve motor planning and coordination, we explore audio-tactile cues to inform the user about the presence of objects in hand proximity, e.g., to avoid unwanted object penetrations. We do so through a novel glove-based tactile interface, enhanced by audio cues. Through two user studies, we illustrate that proximity guidance cues improve spatial awareness, hand motions, and collision avoidance behaviors, and show how proximity cues in combination with collision and friction cues can significantly improve performance.
Polyurethane (PU) coatings were successfully produced using unmodified kraft lignin (KL) as an environmentally benign component in contents of up to 80 wt%. Lignin samples were precipitated from industrial black liquor in aqueous solution working at room temperature and different pH levels (pH 2 to pH 5). Lignins were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, pyrolysis-GC/MS, SEC and 31P-NMR. Results show a correlation between pH level, OH number and molecular weight Mw of isolated lignins. Lignin-based polyurethane coatings were prepared in an efficient one step synthesis dissolving lignin in THF and PEG425 in an ultrasonic bath followed by addition of 4,4-diphenylmethanediisocyanate (MDI) and triethylamine (TEA). Crosslinking was achieved under very mild conditions (1 hour at room temperature followed by 3 hours at 35 °C). The resulting coatings were characterized regarding their physical properties including ATR-IR, TGA, optical contact angle, light microscopy, REM-EDX and AFM data. Transparent homogeneous films of high flexibility resulted from lignins isolated at pH 4, possessing a temperature resistance up to 160 °C. Swelling tests revealed a resistance against water. Swelling in DMSO depends on index, pH of precipitation and catalyst utilization for PU preparation. According to AFM studies, surface roughness is between 10 and 28 nm.
Social Insurance
(2018)
Extending coverage through contributory social insurance or other contributory programs is tempting for governments as a potential avenue for mobilizing new resources and creating new fiscal space. Such extension has clear limits, however: it applies only to those in the labor market who have employment status with high degree of formality and whose incomes are significantly above subsistence level and received regularly. It also requires administrative structures with capacity to regularly register incomes of those covered, and to collect contributions.
This chapter analyzes the potential of social insurance (also called contributory social protection) in the 16 Asian countries reviewed in this publication to fill the protection and coverage gaps in income security. It focuses on pensions, but also reviews other benefits temporarily replacing lost labor income due to events such as sickness, maternity, and unemployment. As current labor market structures largely determine the chances of extending coverage through these means, this chapter also examines their characteristics and analyzes coverage by the different forms of social insurance and assesses the potential for extension.
Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von chemischen Aktivatoren und Templaten auf die Zementhydratation
(2018)
Untersuchungen zur Hydrophobierung von Miscanthus X giganteus für den Einsatz in Dämmstoffsystemen
(2018)
Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Baustoffanalytik und anwendungstechnische Prüfungen an Objekten
(2018)
Social protection measures require sustainable financing – creating and maintaining adequate fiscal space at the national level. Good governance of social protection at all stages – planning policies, policy reforms, and implementation – requires continuous monitoring of its performance and finances, including long-term projections and simulations of cost and benefits of different social protection programs and overall social protection systems. These projections and simulations should take into account demographic trends, including demographic ageing.
Emerytalne fakty i mity
(2018)
W każdym systemie emerytalnym tkwi wewnętrzna sprzeczność. Z jednej strony system emerytalny powinien być stabilny, bo to jedyny sposób na to, by zbudować zaufanie do instytucji nim zarządzających, zaufanie niezbędne, by skłonić uczestników systemu (pracowników i pracodawców) do regularnego płacenia przez kilkadziesiąt lat składek i podatków przeznaczonych na finansowanie systemu emerytalnego.
Pozzolanic properties of Pennisetum purpureum grass ash were tested on Portland cement. Results show that the ash can be blended with cements without compromising binding strength of the cement. It was found that Portland cement could be blended with Pennisetum purpureum up to a ratio of 3:2 compromising compressive strength of mortar.Mortar with lower cement replacement took longer to set as evidenced by lower compressive strength within the 28-day aging time. Mortar with higher cement replacement had lower water absorption capacity, an indication that the test pozzolan was of smaller particulate size. XRF analysis and the FTIR spectrum showed that the ash has a higher content of silica. The XRD pattern of the ash showed that the ash was predominantly amorphous. SEM images showed that the ash produced at 600 o C had residual carbon material.
Poland
(2018)
Poland belongs to the first wave of pension reformers in Central and Eastern Europe. The Polish pension reform of the late 1990s can serve as a case study for the challenges faced when implementing a radical paradigmatic pension reform towards a privatized DC scheme. This report analyses the background of the original reform, discusses its political, social and economic impact and explains the reasons for later reform reversals. The report stresses that the two re-reform waves, which took place in 2011 and 2013, were mainly driven by fiscal considerations. Since the current system maintains the DC scheme applied to both public and private tiers, the recent reversal of privatization will not improve benefit levels.