Refine
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Fachbereich Informatik (89)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (75)
- Institut für Technik, Ressourcenschonung und Energieeffizienz (TREE) (54)
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (53)
- Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften und Kommunikation (36)
- Institut für Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) (31)
- Präsidium (30)
- Institute of Visual Computing (IVC) (21)
- Internationales Zentrum für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (IZNE) (21)
- Fachbereich Sozialpolitik und Soziale Sicherung (20)
Document Type
- Conference Object (135)
- Article (105)
- Part of a Book (33)
- Part of Periodical (26)
- Book (monograph, edited volume) (23)
- Report (12)
- Patent (11)
- Working Paper (10)
- Contribution to a Periodical (9)
- Bachelor Thesis (6)
Year of publication
- 2017 (395) (remove)
Keywords
- Entrepreneurship (5)
- Nachhaltigkeit (5)
- Controlling (3)
- GC/MS (3)
- Lehrbuch (3)
- stem cells (3)
- Aerodynamics (2)
- Analytical pyrolysis (2)
- Approximated Jacobian (2)
- Biomineralization (2)
Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are engine of economy both for developed and developing countries. They play a significant role in income generation, job creation, poverty reduction and reducing income inequality. In Burundi, key stakeholders such as policy-makers as well as other international and national actors have made more effort to develop the segment of SMEs. Indeed, many start-ups have been created but are however, exposed to several challenges in their business operations. This paper aimed at investigating main critical barriers to SMEs growth and development in Burundi. The research was based upon a sample survey of small firms in Burundi and 314 small enterprises were surveyed. Rural start-ups’ critical barriers identified are mainly poor management, lack of access to market flow, lack of working capital, inadequate qualified workforce and low selling prices. On the other hand, five severe obstacles for urban SMEs identified are insecurity, access to financing, macroeconomic situation, lack of customers and unfair competition. A better understanding of all these barriers that SMEs are facing is useful to set up best strategies susceptible to increase their growth.
Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen – Benutzerzentrierte Entwurfsansätze der Usable Security-Forschung
(2017)
Der dritte und letzte Teil der Artikel-Serie in dieser Ausgabe zum Thema Usable Security zeigt exemplarisch, wie Softwareentwickler mit den im Rahmen des USecureD-Projekts entwickelten Werkzeugen arbeiten können. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich dabei auf Prinzipien, Richtlinien und Patterns, die bei der Ausgestaltung gebrauchstauglicher Computer-Sicherheitswarnungen berücksichtigt werden sollten. Anhand dieser sehr ubiquitären Bestandteile eines jeden digitalen Produkts kann anschaulich gezeigt werden, wie aktuelle wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Usable Security praxisnah für Softwarearchitekturen und Programmierer verfügbar und anwendbar gemacht werden können.
Comparación de perfiles de ansiedad matemática entre estudiantes mexicanos y estudiantes alemanes
(2017)
Se determinan los perfiles de ansiedad matemática de estudiantes mexicanos y estudiantes alemanes por medio de la aplicación de un cuestionario desarrollado ex profeso. La ansiedad matemática se define en términos de tres descriptores: creencias, actitudes y emociones. Los autores definen un Índice de Ansiedad Matemática, al aplicarlo encuentran que los estudiantes alemanes presentan un valor mayor de dicho Índice, lo que significa que tienen una mayor nivel de ansiedad matemática. Las diferencias en los valores del Índice de Ansiedad Matemática se interpretan en términos de diferencias culturales. La interpretación parece ser consistente con las diferencias culturales y se ajusta a los resultados obtenidos.
Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy. Despite all the progress made in treating multiple myeloma, it still remains an incurable disease. Patients are left with a median survival of 4-5 years. The combined treatment of multiple myeloma with histone deacetylase inhibitors and cytokine-induced killer cells provides a promising targeted treatment option for patients. This study investigated the impact of a combined treatment compared to treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors. The experiments revealed that a treatment with histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors could reduce cell viability to 59% for KMS 18 cell line and 46% for the U-266 cell line. The combined treatment led to a decrease of cell viability to 33% for KMS 18 and 27% for the U-266 cell line, thus showing a significantly better efficacy than the single treatment.
An increased bronchoconstrictor response is a hallmark in the progression of obstructive airway diseases. Acetylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) are the major bronchoconstrictors. There is evidence that both cholinergic and serotonergic signaling in airway smooth muscle (ASM) involve caveolae. We hypothesized that caveolin-1 (cav-1), a structural protein of caveolae, plays an important regulatory role in ASM contraction. We analyzed airway contraction in different tracheal segments and extra-and intrapulmonary bronchi in cav-1 deficient (cav-1-/-) and wild-type mice using organ bath recordings and videomorphometry of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MCD) treated and non-treated precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). The presence of caveolae was investigated by electron microscopy. Receptor subtypes driving 5-HT-responses were studied by RT-PCR and videomorphometry after pharmacological inhibition with ketanserin. Cav-1 was present in tracheal epithelium and ASM. Muscarine induced a dose dependent contraction in all airway segments. A significantly higher Emax was observed in the caudal trachea. Although, caveolae abundancy was largely reduced in cav-1-/- mice, muscarine-induced airway contraction was maintained, albeit at diminished potency in the middle trachea, in the caudal trachea and in the bronchus without changes in the maximum efficacy. MCD-treatment of PLCS from cav-1-/- mice reduced cholinergic constriction by about 50%, indicating that cholesterol-rich plasma domains account for a substantial portion of the muscarine-induced bronchoconstriction. Notably, cav-1-deficiency fully abrogated 5-HT-induced contraction of extrapulmonary airways. In contrast, 5-HT-induced bronchoconstriction was fully maintained in cav-1-deficient intrapulmonary bronchi, but desensitization upon repetitive stimulation was enhanced. RT-PCR analysis revealed 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT6, and 5-HT7 receptors as the most prevalent subtypes in the airways. The 5-HT-induced-constriction in PCLS could be antagonized by ketanserin, a 5-HT2A receptor inhibitor. In conclusion, the role of cav-1, caveolae, and cholesterol-rich plasma domains in regulation of airway tone are highly agonist-specific and dependent on airway level. Cav-1 is indispensable for serotonergic contraction of extrapulmonary airways and modulates cholinergic constriction of the trachea and main bronchus. Thus, cav-1/caveolae shall be considered in settings such as bronchial hyperreactivity in common airway diseases and might provide an opportunity for modulation of the constrictor response.
Recently, we discovered a cholinergic mechanism that inhibits the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent release of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) by human monocytes via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) composed of alpha 7, alpha 9 and/or alpha 10 subunits. Furthermore, we identified phosphocholine (PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) as novel nicotinic agonists that elicit metabotropic activity at monocytic nAChR. Interestingly, PC does not provoke ion channel responses at conventional nAChRs composed of subunits alpha 9 and alpha 10. The purpose of this study is to determine the composition of nAChRs necessary for nicotinic signaling in monocytic cells and to test the hypothesis that common metabolites of phosphatidylcholines, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and glycerophosphocholine (G-PC), function as nAChR agonists. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nAChR gene-deficient mice, we demonstrated that inhibition of ATP-dependent release of IL-1 beta by acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine and PC depends on subunits alpha 7, alpha 9 and alpha 10. Using a panel of nAChR antagonists and siRNA technology, we confirmed the involvement of these subunits in the control of IL-1 beta release in the human monocytic cell line U937. Furthermore, we showed that LPC (C16:0) and G-PC efficiently inhibit ATP-dependent release of IL-1 beta. Of note, the inhibitory effects mediated by LPC and G-PC depend on nAChR subunits alpha 9 and alpha 10, but only to a small degree on alpha 7. In Xenopus laevis oocytes heterologously expressing different combinations of human alpha 7, alpha 9 or alpha 10 subunits, ACh induced canonical ion channel activity, whereas LPC, G-PC and PC did not. In conclusion, we demonstrate that canonical nicotinic agonists and PC elicit metabotropic nAChR activity in monocytes via interaction of nAChR subunits alpha 7, alpha 9 and alpha 10. For the metabotropic signaling of LPC and G-PC, nAChR subunits alpha 9 and alpha 10 are needed, whereas alpha 7 is virtually dispensable. Furthermore, molecules bearing a PC group in general seem to regulate immune functions without perturbing canonical ion channel functions of nAChR.
This book presents theory and latest application work in Bond Graph methodology with a focus on:
Hybrid dynamical system models, Model-based fault diagnosis, model-based fault tolerant control, fault prognosis and also addresses Open thermodynamic systems with compressible fluid flow, and Distributed parameter models of mechanical subsystems.
In addition, the book covers various applications of current interest ranging from motorised wheelchairs, in-vivo surgery robots, walking machines to wind-turbines.The up-to-date presentation has been made possible by experts who are active members of the worldwide bond graph modelling community.
This book is the completely revised 2nd edition of the 2011 Springer compilation text titled Bond Graph Modelling of Engineering Systems – Theory, Applications and Software Support. It extends the presentation of theory and applications of graph methodology by new developments and latest research results.
Like the first edition, this book addresses readers in academia as well as practitioners in industry and invites experts in related fields to consider the potential and the state-of-the-art of bond graph modelling.
Blended Learning Set up of the Master Programme "Analysis and Design of Social Protection Systems"
(2017)
The master's programme "Analysis and Design of Social Protection Systems" is a newly designed programme. The international Master’s programme is aimed at students who wish to deal with social security systems and who are also interested in intercultural exchange. The on-campus and online phases provide students with the opportunity to develop an international network, while facilitating the combination of studies and professional engagement.
Big Data für Entscheider
(2017)
Andreas Gadatsch und Holm Landrock zeigen an typischen Beispielen aus der Praxis, wie datengetriebene Geschäftsmodelle entstehen. Sie erläutern, wie sich Big-Data-Projekte rechnen und wie man am einfachsten an die Analyse großer Datenmengen herangeht. Eine Bewertung der zentralen Aspekte von Projekten und der dort eingesetzten Technologien erleichtert den Lesern die tägliche Praxis im IT-Management. Die Autoren stellen Hadoop als eine der wichtigen Big-Data-Technologien vor.
Enterprises demand universities not to limit education to theoretical knowledge, but instead, to prepare students for future challenges in the job. While demanding a focus on current technologies and practices appears reasonable, it contradicts academia’s general focus on sustainable knowledge. This “conflict-ofinterest” can be bridged through extra-curricular professional training. MOOCs are hyped as solution because they allow to simultaneously addressing masses of students. However, with the increasing number of learners, anonymity in education increases and first-level support decreases. Within the extracurricular online program erp4students we found that individual support is considered most relevant to successfully complete professional training.