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The objective of the FIVIS project is to develop a bicycle simulator which is able to simulate real life bicycle ride situations as a virtual scenario within an immersive environment. A sample test bicycle is mounted on a motion platform to enable a close to reality simulation of turns and balance situations. The visual field of the bike rider is enveloped within a multi-screen visualisation environment which provides visual data relative to the motion and activity of the test bicycle. That means the bike rider has to pedal and steer the bicycle as a usual bicycle, while the motion is recorded and processed to control the simulation. Furthermore, the platform is fed with real forces and accelerations that have been logged by a mobile data acquisition system during real bicycle test drives. Thus, using a feedback system makes the movements of the platform match to the virtual environment and the reaction of the driver (e.g. steering angle, step rate).
The Atmosphaeres project aims to reduce sufferers’ stress and pain levels by using 360° video environments that are presented in a highly immersive Head-Mounted Display (HMD). Here we report first insights of our prototype combination of the 360° video environments and the Oculus Rift, the HMD used for our project. We find that our ‘Atmosphaeres’ are capable of truly transporting the user to another, virtually created location, however, there were a number of restrictions with the first system, including image quality and nausea which we hope to eliminate with the system we present in this paper. There are also a number of research questions that need to be considered for the use of the Atmosphaeres in stress and pain management or for general relaxation purposes. These questions include whether 360° video environments are capable of reducing stress and experienced pain and whether changes to the Oculus Rift DK2 do in fact reduce the nausea that was often caused by the DK1. Sound is another important yet often under-considered factor in many Virtual Reality applications and questions we seek to answer revolve around how the quality and type of audio contribute to users’ feeling of presence and ultimately their stress and pain levels.
Game technology has been widely used for educational applications, however, despite the common use of background music in games, its effect on learning has been largely unexplored. This paper discusses how music played in the background of a computer-animated history lesson affected participants’ memory for facts. A virtual history lesson was presented to participants with different background stimuli (music or no-music) to test the effect of music on memory. To test the role of immersion on memory and its possible relationship to the music, two different display systems (3-monitor display system or immersive Reality Center) were used in the study. Overall, participants remembered a significantly higher number of facts using the 3-monitor display system, particularly if no background music was played in the second half of the history lesson. Conversely, for participants using the Reality Center, significantly higher recall of facts was found when participants listened to music in the second half of the history lesson. Cognitive load/overload and (un-)familiarity with the technology are offered as explanations.
In this paper we present a new storytelling approach, called Hypermedia Novel (HYMN), that extends the classical narration concept of a story. We develop an underlying modular concept – the narration module – that facilitates a new manner of reception as well as creation of a story. The HYMN focuses on the recipient and his role of consuming a story and a heterogeneous group of creative authors by providing narration modules and their interfaces without defining the granularity of the modules. Using several kinds ofmultimedia elements and a hyperlink structure, we present a first demonstrator that implements this new concept. We also discuss improvements, e.g. MPEG-4/7, that support both reception by the audience, and the process of creating the story by a dispersed team of authors.
Imagine a person navigating on the trackball of a mouse - it would need full body control. In this article we describe the Virtual Balance, an input device for a responsive virtual environment. This device is driven by weight shift on a small platform and does neither require special training nor wearing uncomfortable equipment. The Virtual Balance aims at intuitive navigation through complex 3D space. It can be used to skate or fly like on a magic carpet through a virtual world. With shifts of body posture the navigator controls speed and direction of his/her movement in the model world, which is calculated from the changing pressure on three weight cells under the platform. Different fields of application are presented, showing scenarios already realized as well as a variety of possibilities for future use.
Benches and Caves
(1998)
Virtual environments (VE) now have come into age. Following the head bounded technology of the first days, industrial applications in the virtual reality labs of the automotive industry are now using stereo projection type systems like standard single screens, multiple screens, responsive workbenches and also cave-like-projection systems.
This study reports the geometries and electronic energies of n-octane's unique conformations using perturbation methods that best mimic CCSD(T) results. In total, the fully optimised minima of n-butane (2 conformations), n-pentane (4 conformations), n-hexane (12 conformations) and n-octane (96 conformations) were investigated at several different theory levels and basis sets. We find that DF-MP2.5/aug-cc-pVTZ is in very good agreement with the more expensive CCSD(T) results. At this level, we can clearly confirm the 96 stable minima which were previously found using a reparameterised density functional theory (DFT). Excellent agreement was found between their DFT results and our DF-MP2.5 perturbation results. Subsequent Gibbs free energy calculations, using scaled MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ zero-point vibrational energy and frequencies, indicate a significant temperature dependency of the relative energies, with a change in the predicted global minimum. The results of this work will be important for future computational investigations of fuel-related octane reactions and for optimisation of molecular force fields (e.g. lipids).
Der virtuelle Wetterfrosch
(1997)
In this paper, we present a stereo-vision based approach for road sign detection. As opposed to traffic signs, which are typically made up of well-defined pictographs, road signs can contain arbitrary information. Here, color and shape are the main two cues that represent different classes of road signs, e.g. signs on the highway vs. signs on country roads. To that extent, the proposed model couples efficient low-level color-based segmentation in HSL space with higher-level constraints that integrate prior knowledge on sign geometry in 3D through stereo-vision. Additional robustness is obtained by temporal integration as well as by matching detected signs against the results of object detectors for other traffic participants. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated on a real-world stereo-vision dataset (3700 images) that has been captured from a moving vehicle on German highways and country roads. Our results indicate competitive performance at real-time speeds.
A generic structure for media-oriented modular storytelling is presented. The concept is based on a simple container and content model. We also show how various paths along a continuous storyline and branching threads can be organized. An initial implementation is compared with a second, more general and flexible structuring approach.
This paper presents an overview on and reports on early experiences of the European ACTS project AC089 called „Distributed Video Production (DVP)“ which started in late 1995. Central to DVP are distributed pilot applications for professional digital video production over ATM broadband networks (LAN and WAN). Distributed video production refers to situations where the cameras, recorders, switches, mixers and other equipment used in video production (or post-production) are located at several sites linked by high bandwidth network connections. The DVP project investigates requirements of broadcasters for several forms of distributed video production and runs a series of trials of distributed virtual studios, distributed rehearsals and remote video editing and retrieval. Together with North American partners a transatlantic broadband ATM link will be tested for distributed virtual reality simulations. This paper reports about two initial tests with a German public broadcaster and the German Telekom. DVP project partners are GMD and about 20 broadcasters, computer and video equipment manufacturers, and video production companies. More information can be obtained from http://viswiz.gmd.de/DVP
This paper describes adaptive time frequency analysis of EEG signals, both in theory as well as in practice. A momentary frequency estimation algorithm is discussed and applied to EEG time series of test persons performing a concentration experiment. The motivation for deriving and implementing a time frequency estimator is the assumption that an emotional change implies a transient in the measured EEG time series, which again are superimposed by biological white noise as well as artifacts. It will be shown how accurately and robustly the estimator detects the transient even under such complicated conditions.
Applications being designed for disabled people so far are showing three main issues: specific target user group, specialized user interface (UI) and interdependence problem. In addition, three essential criteria do also affect the application’s usability, namely time, efficiency and costs. In order to overcome these problems, we propose a different perspective of User-Centered Design (UCD) by dividing and analyzing the UI architecture design process over three interdependent spaces: User, Need and application. Finally we provide the reader with an algorithmic guideline towards minimizing the interdependence issue between interaction modalities.
Optical see-through displays are an established technology within augmented reality. Wearing such a display the users eyes automatically adapt to the luminance of the real world environment, while the virtual part is displayed using a steadybrightness. This often results in clear differences between real and virtual elements. This paper shows a technique for colorimetric compensation which avoids this effect. Furthermore algorithms for photometric compensation will be demonstrated. The appearance of background shapes and colours arise from the combination of the luminance of the background and the projected luminance of the object. These “ghosts” are photometrically compensated.
