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Mitochondria are much studied organelles, investigated for decades for their vital role as powerhouses of the cell and for the evolutionary history concealed in the mitochondrial genome. To this day, research on mitochondria is still yielding fascinating new information. Over the past two decades a large body of evidence has been accumulated showing these structures, which are at the heart of metabolic processes sustaining life, at same time containing the seeds of cellular self-destruction. This chapter describes the death-inducing proteins that are released from mitochondria, the mechanisms of release, as well as how release is regulated. Finally, phytochemicals that affect the release of lethal mitochondrial proteins are discussed.
