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This work considers a stationary simulation of pipeline fluid transport, in the presence of impurities and phase transitions. This simulation finds applications in diverse areas such as energy carrier transportation, including natural gas and hydrogen, as well as the efficient transport of carbon dioxide from emission sources to designated storage sites. Particularly for the transport of carbon dioxide, which is preferably carried out in a liquid or supercritical state, the accurate detection of phase transitions is of utmost importance. Additionally, evaluating the simulation precision based on the selected pipe subdivision is crucial for transporting fluids of any kind. Our implementation includes an algorithm that utilizes the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model and the GERG-2008 thermodynamic equation of state for phase transition detection. We have also developed an optimal pipe subdivision algorithm using empirical formulas derived from extensive numerical experiments. Rigorous testing of the algorithms has been conducted on realistic fluid transport scenarios, confirming their effectiveness in addressing the stated technical challenges.
The transport of carbon dioxide through pipelines is one of the important components of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) systems that are currently being developed. If high flow rates are desired a transportation in the liquid or supercritical phase is to be preferred. For technical reasons, the transport must stay in that phase, without transitioning to the gaseous state. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the stationary process of carbon dioxide transport with impurities and phase transitions is considered. We use the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM) and the GERG-2008 thermodynamic equation of state to describe the transport parameters. The algorithms used allow to solve scenarios of carbon dioxide transport in the liquid or supercritical phase, with the detection of approaching the phase transition region. Convergence of the solution algorithms is analyzed in connection with fast and abrupt changes of the equation of state and the enthalpy function in the region of phase transitions.
Pipeline transport is an efficient method for transporting fluids in energy supply and other technical applications. While natural gas is the classical example, the transport of hydrogen is becoming more and more important; both are transmitted under high pressure in a gaseous state. Also relevant is the transport of carbon dioxide, captured in the places of formation, transferred under high pressure in a liquid or supercritical state and pumped into underground reservoirs for storage. The transport of other fluids is also required in technical applications. Meanwhile, the transport equations for different fluids are essentially the same, and the simulation can be performed using the same methods. In this paper, the effect of control elements such as compressors, regulators and flaptraps on the stability of fluid transport simulations is studied. It is shown that modeling of these elements can lead to instabilities, both in stationary and dynamic simulations. Special regularization methods were developed to overcome these problems. Their functionality also for dynamic simulations is demonstrated for a number of numerical experiments.
