005 Computerprogrammierung, Programme, Daten
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WebSocket - WS^2 2.0
(2015)
Das Websocket-Protokoll hat sich derzeit zu einer wichtigen Technologie für die Entwicklung moderner Webanwendungen durchgesetzt. Mit der Möglichkeit eine dauerhafte bidirektionale Verbindung zwischen Client und Server aufzubauen, ergeben sich neue Anwendungsszenarien, die vorher mit dem reinen HTTP nicht realisierbar waren. Die Einsatzgebiete reichen hier von einfachen Chats bis hin zu komplexen Systemen wie das kollaborative Arbeiten an Dokumenten in Echtzeit. Mittlerweile hat sogar der Instant Messaging-Dienst WhatsApp die Vorteile der WebSocket-Technologie für sich entdeckt und erlaubt Benutzern ihre Nachrichten nun auch über den Webbrowser auszutauschen.
Dieser Workshop soll den Teilnehmern zeigen wie sie die oben genannten oder andere Echzeitwebanwendungen mit der WebSocket-Technologie implementieren können. Nach einer kurzen Einführung wird gezeigt wie es in einfachen Schritten möglich ist, mehr als nur simple Chat-Anwendungen mit den WebSocket-Protokoll zu realisieren. Zudem stellt der Workshop nach Möglichkeit auch die Verwendung von Subprotokollen vor, wodurch auch RPC- sowie Publish and Subscribe-Anwendungen mit WebSockets umgesetzt werden können.
Appropriating Digital Fabrication Technologies — A comparative study of two 3D Printing Communities
(2015)
Digital fabrication technologies have a great potential for empowering consumers to produce their own creations. However, despite the growing availability of digital fabrication technologies in shared machine shops such as FabLabs or University Labs, they are often perceived as difficult to use, especially by users with limited technological aptitude. Hence, it is not yet clear if the potentials of the technology can be made accessible to a broader public, or if they will remain limited to some form of “maker elite”. In this paper, we study the appropriation of digital fabrication on the example of the use of 3D printers in two different communities. In doing so, we analyze how users conceptualize their use of the 3D printers, what kind of contextual understanding is necessary to work with the machines, and how users document and share their knowledge. Based on our empirical findings, we identify the potentials that the machines offer to the communities, and what kind of challenges have to be overcome in their appropriation of the technology.
Despite the lack of standardisation for building REST-ful HTTP applications, the deployment of REST-based Web Services has attracted an increased interest. This gap causes, however, an ambiguous interpretation of REST and induces the design and implementation of REST-based systems following proprietary approaches instead of clear and agreed upon definitions. Issues arising from these shortcomings have an influence on service properties such as the loose coupling of REST-based services via a unitary service contract and the automatic generation of code. To overcome such limitations, at least two prerequisites are required: the availability of specifications for implementing REST-based services and auxiliaries for auditing the compliance of those services with such specifications. This paper introduces an approach for conformance testing of REST-based Web Services. This appears conflicting at the first glance, since there are no specifications available for implementing REST by, e.g., t he prevalent technology set HTTP/URI to test against. Still, by providing a conformance test tool and leaning it on the current practice, the exploration of service properties is enabled. Moreover, the real demand for standardisation gets explorable by such an approach. First investigations conducted with the developed conformance test system targeting major Cloud-based storage services expose inconsistencies in many respects which emphasizes the necessity for further research and standardisation.