Open Access

This 3rd edition compendium contains and explains essential statistical formulae in an economic context. The compendium has been enhanced with numerous additional practical examples to help readers better understand the formulas and their practical applications. The statistical formulary is presented in a practical, clear and understandable manner, as required for meaningful and relevant application in global business as well as in academic and business practice. New content includes explanations on the use of so-called dummy variables, which are useful because of their operational relevance in practice, especially in financial statistics.

Diese etablierte Formelsammlung enthält und erklärt statistische Formeln, wie sie in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und in der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Praxis fundamental notwendig sind. Das Verständnis der Formeln und deren praktische Anwendung werden durch nützliche Hilfen und verständliche Beispiele sinnvoll unterstützt, so dass der Kontext wirtschaftsstatistischer Formeln klar und allgemein verständlich erklärt dargestellt wird. Diese Formelsammlung ist ein unverzichtbares Tool für Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften, aber auch ein nützliches Nachschlagewerk für Verantwortliche aus Wirtschaft, Politik und Lehre. In der 6. Auflage wurden die Inhalte überarbeitet und ergänzt.

Voice assistants (VAs) in households are becoming increasingly commonplace, with many users expressing their appreciation of the devices’ convenience. Nonetheless, a notable number of users have raised concerns that the devices are ‘always listening’, and that there is a lack of clear information from providers about the data collected and processed through their microphones. Adopting a socio-informatics research perspective, we used the living lab approach to work with users over three years to investigate their uncertainties regarding the data collected by VAs in everyday usage. Based on our findings from interviews, fieldwork, and participatory design workshops with 35 households, we developed the web tool “CheckMyVA” to support users to access and visualize their own VA data. This chapter presents the observations and findings of the three-year study by outlining the implemented features of the tool and reflecting on how its design can help improve data literacy and enable users to reflect on their long-term interactions with VAs, ultimately serving to ‘demystify’ the technology.

Transmembrane protein 175 (TMEM175) is an endolysosomal cation channel, which has attracted much attention recently from academics and the pharmaceutical industry alike since human mutations in TMEM175 were found to be associated with the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, gain-of-function mutations were identified, which reduce and loss-of-function mutations, which increase the risk of developing PD. After having been characterized as an endolysosomal potassium channel initially, soon after TMEM175 was claimed to act as a proton channel. In fact, recent evidence suggests that depending on the conditions, TMEM175 can act as either a potassium or proton channel, without acting as an antiporter or exchanger. A recent work has now identified amino acid H57 to be directly involved in gating, increasing proton conductance of the channel while leaving the potassium conductance unaffected. We review here the current knowledge of TMEM175 function, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. We discuss the potential of this ion channel as a novel drug target for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as PD, and we discuss the discovery of H57 as proton sensor.

Das Buch zeigt, wie Führungskräfte durch gesunde Führung die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten fördern können. Denn Studien belegen, dass Führung einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Gesundheit von Beschäftigten hat. Nach einer Einführung in die Grundlagen der gesunden Führung erfolgt eine nähere Betrachtung der menschlichen Grundbedürfnisse, welche im Neuroleadership die Grundvoraussetzung für das mentale Wohlbefinden darstellen. Die Grundbedürfnisse nach Self-Esteem, Control, Orientation, Attachment und Pleasure (kurz: SCOAP) und deren Messung mit dem SCOAP-Profile werden anhand von Praxisbeispielen veranschaulicht.

The study aims to investigate how agentic and communal demands, different resources, and the work-family-interface influence female and male entrepreneur’s financial success and health; address urgent calls from several researchers to include gender as a fundamental element of heterogeneity (Chadwick & Raver, 2019; Stephan et al., 2020; Stephan et al., 2023); Combine knowledge from job-demands and resources theory (JDR) with gender role congruity theory to incorporate a more gender-sensitive perspective.

One of the most significant challenges facing the world today is rapid climate change and the negative effects it is having on our environment. The transport sector is responsible for high CO2 emissions, and will have to make fundamental contributions to climate goal targets in the medium to long-term future. In the past, far-reaching measures have been tested regarding how to encourage people to switch from their own cars or motorised private transport (MPT) to the more emission-friendly local public transport (PT). Previous projects have only been able to convince people to switch temporarily through subsidised public transport. Detached from the ecological aspects, the turmoil in the global economy at the end of February 2022 resulted in a price shock in mineral oil prices, which shifted the primary focus of mobility behaviour from ecological to economic concerns. The logistic regression analysis of a quantitative survey (n = 611) in Germany confirms that a large number of journeys taken via private car were saved due to the increased price. However, despite high mineral oil prices, travelling by private car remains the primary means of transport for many people. Switching to public transport is particularly noticeable among women. This is due, among other things, to their lower incomes. Contrary to results of prior studies, the present analysis shows that participants from large cities have saved fewer trips by private car compared to people living in rural areas, even though large cities generally have a denser infrastructure with a more comprehensive range of mobility options. Travel time and reliability are the main factors in our respondents' choice of transport mode and are more compatible in large cities with denser public transport than in rural areas. The avoided car journeys are predominantly in the leisure sector and have not been substituted by other means of transport.

The decline of insect abundance and richness has been documented for decades and has received increased attention in recent years. In 2017, a study by Hallmann and colleagues on insect biomasses in German nature protected areas received a great deal of attention and provided the impetus for the creation of the project Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas (DINA). The aim of DINA was to investigate possible causes for the decline of insects in nature protected areas throughout Germany and to develop strategies for managing the problem. A major issue for the protection of insects is the lack of insect-specific regulations for nature protected areas and the lack of a risk assessment and verification of the measures applied. Most nature protected areas border on or enclose agricultural land and are structured in a mosaic, resulting in an abundance of small and narrow areas. This leads to fragmentation or even loss of endangered habitats and thus threaten biodiversity. In addition, the impact of agricultural practices, especially pesticides and fertilisers, leads to the degradation of biodiversity at the boundaries of nature protected areas, reducing their effective size. All affected stakeholders need to be involved in solving these threats by working on joint solutions. Furthermore, agriculture in and around nature protected areas must act to promote biodiversity and utilise and develop methods that reverse the current trend. This also requires subsidies from the state to ensure economic sustainability and promote biodiversity-promoting practices.

This is a case report about a 12-year old boy with a spastic hemiplegia receiving therapy via VR glasses. The researchers try to demonstrate that the use of VR glasses showing 3-dimensional video sequences can stimulate the affected side of the brain comparable to mirror therapy. Therefore, the researchers videotaped ambidextrous 3-dimensional video sequences (actions) in an ego-perspective. An EMG pattern analysis demonstrate a tone influencing effect of the VR-glasses on this boy`s spastic upper limb. These first results lead to a greater RCT in this field.

Since the introducing of the new German packaging law 'VerpackG2' in January 2023, food service operators in Germany selling takeout food have been mandated to provide reusable packaging alternatives to single-use plastic food containers. This change in legislation has led to the emergence of various reusable consumer packaging systems in the German market. Reusable packaging systems have the potential to significantly reduce the negative environmental impact of single-use plastic packaging. However, for these systems to succeed and achieve their desired positive environmental impact, a comprehensive understanding of consumer behavior toward these systems is needed. This study extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework to identify the factors influencing consumers' intentions to use a reusable packaging system for takeaway food in the German food service industry. An online survey was developed, and 153 valid responses were collected from consumers in Germany. Structural equation modeling revealed that in this study, consumers' personal moral norms, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control directly influence consumers' intentions to use the reusable packaging system. The results also show that context, motivation, and personal moral norms are positively related to consumers' attitudes, and context significantly positively affects consumers' perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, the study's results indicate that despite the high frequency of takeaway food orders in Germany, consumers' use of reusable packaging systems for takeaway food still needs to be improved.

Since the new German packaging law 'VerpackG2' came into force in January 2023, German foodservice operators selling food to-go are required to provide reusable packaging alternatives to their single-use plastic food packaging. This change in legislation has led to the emergence of various reusable consumer packaging systems in the German market. Reusable packaging systems have the potential to significantly reduce the negative environmental impact of single-use plastic packaging. However, for these systems to be successful and achieve their desired positive environmental impact, also a comprehensive understanding of consumer behaviour towards these systems is needed. This study extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework to identify the factors influencing consumers' intentions to use a reusable packaging system for takeaway food in the German foodservice industry. An online survey was developed and 153 valid responses were collected from consumers in Germany. Structural equation modelling revealed that consumers' personal moral norms, attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control directly influence consumers' intentions to use the reusable packaging system in this study. The results also show that context, motivation and personal moral norms are positively related to consumers' attitudes and that context has a significant positive effect on consumers' perceived behavioural control. Furthermore, the results of the study indicate that despite the high frequency of takeaway food orders in Germany, consumers' use of reusable packaging systems for takeaway food still needs to be improved.

Purpose: The presented paper aims at providing novel evidence on entrepreneurial intention and it’s antecedence from the perspective of theory of planned behavior and identity in the entrepreneurial university context. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study is based on a sample of 300 respondents obtained at a German university of applied sciences and consisting of students, scientific and non-scientific staff and alumni. The data was analyzed through IBM SPSS and Smart PLS to test the four hypotheses related to entrepreneurial intention and its antecedents. Findings: The study provides a critical perspective on the usefulness of the TPB framework extended with identity for predicting the entrepreneurial intention in the entrepreneurial university context. Based on the study results, it is hypothesized that entrepreneurial intention is best explain through a combination of entrepreneurial attitudes, social norms in relation to entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial identity, while excluding behavioral control as the least important predictor with lowest relevance. This has implications both for TPB-based research as well as self-efficacy based research on entrepreneurial intention, as the two are considered to be related concepts. Research limitations and implications: Practical implications: Practical implications relate to demonstrating the usefulness of the TPB and identity for evaluating the entrepreneurial intention in terms of broad and diverse range of activities of an entrepreneurial university. Transfer managers, officers in incubators and accelerators can deploy and expand this approach to use it in diverse and mixed settings for comparing and mapping entrepreneurial intention among diverse set of stakeholders. Originality/value: The article empirically tests the combined theory of planned behavior and identity theory in a sample of diverse rspondents, beyond students to include also scientific and non-scientific staff of a university and alumni as important stakeholders in the entrepreneurial university. This is an important empirical and conceptual adition to existing literature with theoretial and practical implications.

Consumers are using online reviews to decide which products to purchase. Cybercriminals produce fake reviews to influence unknowing consumers into buying products of lower quality, which can lead to financial, emotional and physical damage. We have little under-standing of how consumers make decisions about the veracity of online reviews, or incorpo-rate online reviews into purchasing decisions, especially outside of the laboratory. Therefore, in this study using a grounded theory approach we elaborate on how consumers determine the veracity and trustworthiness of online user reviews. Twenty-five interviews with Dutch and German consumers were held to identify deception cues, thought processes and other markers of online shopping behaviour. The results show that consumers use online reviews differently depending on context. Our new theory proposes that consumers process reviews in at least two steps. First, they scan the review for relevance and then they determine the trustworthiness, credibility, and veracity. Additionally, we identified different deception cues that are used. Together, these findings lead the way into a new understanding of human fake review detection online.

Effective information security policies are crucial for organisations to mitigate information security threats and risks. However, poorly designed information security policies can lead to hidden costs and decreased compliance in daily work routines. While behavioural factors like social norms, positive attitudes, and knowledge are well known to influence compliance, the usability of information security policies, which takes the context of use seriously, remains understudied,. To address this, we introduce the Information Security Policy Usability Scale (ISPUS), an adaptation of the widely recognised System Usability Scale (SUS). ISPUS assesses the usability of information security policies. Thereby, it supports both companies and works councils in ensuring the fit of the work context, individual skills, tools and the policy. By applying ergonomic principles, ISPUS aims to enhance information security policy design and support organisational security efforts.

Merger-und-Acquisitions-Prozesse gelten als ein wesentliches Thema der strategischen Unternehmensausrichtung und haben erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die betroffenen Unternehmen. Aufgrund der gestiegenen Relevanz von kollaborativen Cloud-Services in den letzten Jahren untersucht dieser Beitrag anhand von Experteninterviews die Auswirkungen von Merger-und-Acquisition-Prozesse auf die kollaborativen Cloud-Services. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags wird eine Übersicht über die Hintergründe zu Mergers und Acquisitions, kollaborativen Cloud-Services sowie der Herausforderungen bei der Integration gegeben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen praxisnah, welche Auswirkungen ein Merger-und-Acquisition-Prozess auf kollaborative Cloud-Services hat. Dabei werden insbesondere das Vorgehen, die Migration sowie Benutzer und Stakeholder betrachtet.

Das Feld des Verbraucherschutzes unterliegt einem permanenten Wandel. Hatten sich in der Vergangenheit im Bereich der Rechts- oder der Ernährungswissenschaften Ausbildungsgänge oder Spezialisierungsmöglichkeiten für dieses komplexe Berufsfeld entwickelt, so stehen die Akteure angesichts der beschleunigten Marktveränderungen doch immer wieder vor neuen Herausforderungen, die etwa heute auch Kompetenzanforderungen im Bereich des Hackens oder der Algorithmenkontrolle umfassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gilt es über Verbraucherschutz als Beruf und Berufung genauer nachzudenken und insbesondere die Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der Professionalisierung in diesem Feld zu reflektieren.