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In the last two decades, studies that analyse the political economy of sustainable energy transitions have increasingly become available. Yet very few attempts have been made to synthesize the factors discussed in the growing literature. This paper reviews the extant empirical literature on the political economy of sustainable energy transitions. Using a well-defined search strategy, a total of 36 empirical contributions covering the period 2008 to 2022 are reviewed full text. Overall, the findings highlight the role of vested interest, advocacy coalitions and green constituencies, path dependency, external shocks, policy and institutional environment, political institutions and fossil fuel resource endowments as major political economy factors influencing sustainable energy transitions across both high income countries, and low and middle income countries. In addition, the paper highlights and discusses some critical knowledge gaps in the existing literature and provides suggestions for a future research agenda.
Ziel der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit ist es, den Einfluss von Persönlichkeit auf nachhaltige Maßnahmen anhand des Streamingkonsums zu eruieren. Der allgemein steigende Streamingkonsum und die damit einhergehenden Umweltschäden einerseits und ein wachsendes gesellschaftliches Umweltbewusstsein andererseits stellen einen Widerspruch dar. An einer Online-Umfrage zu diesen und weiterführenden Aspekten nahmen 204 Probanden teil. Während sich die Eigenschaften Verträglichkeit und Offenheit in hoher Ausprägung positiv auf die Umwelteinstellung, das Umweltverhalten und die Umweltbesorgnis auswirkten, wurden die umweltfreundlichen Maßnahmen in einer Clusteranalyse hingegen stärker von der Gruppe bevorzugt, deren Verträglichkeit und Offenheit verhältnismäßig schwach ausgeprägt waren. Ein geringes Wissen über die streamingbedingten Umweltfolgen lag grundsätzlich vor und dient als möglicher Erklärungsansatz des genannten Widerspruchs. Die Probanden forderten, ein Bewusstsein für diese Thematik zu schaffen. Um Streamingkonsum umweltfreundlicher zu gestalten empfiehlt es sich, alle am Prozess beteiligten Akteure einzubeziehen. Die befragten Konsumenten bevorzugten dabei vor allem die Verwendung von Ökostrom und lehnten eine Umstellung der Bezahlstruktur vorwiegend ab.
This paper gives an overview of the development of Fair Trade in six European countries: Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. After the description of the food retail industry and its market structures in these countries, the main European Fair Trade organizations are analyzed regarding their role within the Fair Trade system. The following part deals with the development of Fair Trade sales in general and with respect to the products coffee, tea, bananas, fruit juice and sugar. An overview of the main activities of national Fair Trade organizations, e.g. public relation activities, completes the analysis. This study shows the enormous upswing of Fair Trade during the last decade and the reasons for this development. Nevertheless, it comes to the conclusion that Fair Trade is still far away from being an essential part of the food retail industry in Europe.
The cooperation between researchers and practitioners during the different stages of the research process is promoted as it can be of benefit to both society and research supporting processes of ‘transformation’. While acknowledging the important potential of research–practice–collaborations (RPCs), this paper reflects on RPCs from a political-economic perspective to also address potential unintended adverse effects on knowledge generation due to divergent interests, incomplete information or the unequal distribution of resources. Asymmetries between actors may induce distorted and biased knowledge and even help produce or exacerbate existing inequalities. Potential merits and limitations of RPCs, therefore, need to be gauged. Taking RPCs seriously requires paying attention to these possible tensions—both in general and with respect to international development research, in particular: On the one hand, there are attempts to contribute to societal change and ethical concerns of equity at the heart of international development research, and on the other hand, there is the relative risk of encountering asymmetries more likely.
I. Einleitung II. Soziale Sicherung als Bestandteil entwicklungspolitischer Agenden – Eine internationale Perspektive III. Internationale Politikdiffusion und nationaler Politikwandel – Konzeptionelle Grundlagen IV. Die Rolle internationaler Politikdiffusion für den Wandel sozialer Sicherungssysteme – Empirische Evidenz V. Schlussfolgerungen
Nachhaltigkeit aus institutionenökonomischer Perspektive am Beispiel der Schiefergasförderung
(2014)
Over the past two decades many governments of low and middle income countries have started to introduce social protection measures or to extend the coverage and improve the functioning of public social protection systems. These reforms are a "global phenomenon" and can be observed in many African, Asian and Latin American countries. This paper focuses on international determinants for policy change within social protection by assessing the state of the art of both policy diffusion and policy transfer studies. Empirical studies of policy transfer and diffusion in the field of social protection are furthermore assessed in light of the theoretical background.
The paper examines the effectiveness of transgovernmental policy networks as a governance structure for policy diffusion. The analysis is based on a survey including 50 social protection policy maker and technical practitioner who are country delegates to transgovernmental policy networks within the policy area of social protection. The paper provides anecdotal empirical evidence that policy networks contribute to policy diffusion by inducing mutual learning processes.