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This paper gives an overview of the development of Fair Trade in six European countries: Austria, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. After the description of the food retail industry and its market structures in these countries, the main European Fair Trade organizations are analyzed regarding their role within the Fair Trade system. The following part deals with the development of Fair Trade sales in general and with respect to the products coffee, tea, bananas, fruit juice and sugar. An overview of the main activities of national Fair Trade organizations, e.g. public relation activities, completes the analysis. This study shows the enormous upswing of Fair Trade during the last decade and the reasons for this development. Nevertheless, it comes to the conclusion that Fair Trade is still far away from being an essential part of the food retail industry in Europe.
The short survey „Green IT 2009“ got a very pleasant feedback. The authors received 132 useful answers within only two weeks of survey (15th January until 31st January 2009). The electronic forms were sent to 1.000 companies in Germany and some neighbouring countries. The results show very clearly that the companies are already acting. Green IT has found its way into the companies in different ways and activities. But Green IT is known as a technical topic of IT management or building services engineering. The investments are made mostly in technical activities (energy saving hardware, virtualisation, cooling and more). From a business view the sourcing departments have to change their strategies and processes. The type and amount of IT investment decisions are not concerned by Green IT activities. The main targets of the companies are saving energy and costs followed by advancements in marketing and innovation.