Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften und Kommunikation
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"Innovation Journalism ist die Politikberichterstattung der Zukunft" Interview mit David Nordfors
(2011)
Das sogenannte „Deutschlandstipendium“ ist 2010 ins Leben gerufen worden. Gemäß den gesetzlichen Vorgaben sollen die Stipendien nach Begabung und Leistung vergeben werden. Darüber hinaus sollen auch gesellschaftliches Engagement oder besondere soziale, familiäre oder persönliche Umstände berücksichtigt werden. Bei der Finanzierung sind die Hochschulen zunächst auf das Einwerben privater Fördermittel angewiesen, die von Bund und Land um denselben Betrag aufgestockt werden. Die privaten Mittelgeber können für die von ihnen anteilig finanzierten Stipendien festlegen, aus welchen Studiengängen ihre Stipendiaten ausgewählt werden sollen. Die Hochschulen haben jedoch darauf zu achten, dass ein Drittel aller zu vergebenden Stipendien ohne eine entsprechende Zweckbindung vergeben werden. Einen direkten Einfluss auf die Auswahl einzelner Kandidaten dürfen die Förderer nicht haben. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind die Hochschulen angehalten, Anreize für private Förderer zu schaffen und parallel Bewerbungs- und Auswahlverfahren zu konzipieren, die die genannten gesetzlichen Vorgaben einhalten. Dadurch entsteht bei den Hochschulen ein erheblicher Verwaltungsaufwand. Zu dessen Reduzierung wird in diesem Artikel ein transparenter, nachvollziehbarer, zeit- und kostensparender Prozess durch einen programmierten Workflow beschrieben.
Sie sind im Bereich Qualitätsmanagement tätig und haben die Aufgabe bekommen, ein Problem systematisch zu untersuchen und methodisch zu lösen? Sie haben zu viele Aufgaben und wissen nicht, wie Sie diese priorisieren sollen? Oder haben Sie zu begrenzte Ressourcen, um alle Reklamationen gleichzeitig bearbeiten zu können? Oder wissen nicht, wie Sie einen bestimmten Prozess in seinen Grenzen zielführend verbessern können?
Animal models are often needed in cancer research but some research questions may be answered with other models, e.g., 3D replicas of patient-specific data, as these mirror the anatomy in more detail. We, therefore, developed a simple eight-step process to fabricate a 3D replica from computer tomography (CT) data using solely open access software and described the method in detail. For evaluation, we performed experiments regarding endoscopic tumor treatment with magnetic nanoparticles by magnetic hyperthermia and local drug release. For this, the magnetic nanoparticles need to be accumulated at the tumor site via a magnetic field trap. Using the developed eight-step process, we printed a replica of a locally advanced pancreatic cancer and used it to find the best position for the magnetic field trap. In addition, we described a method to hold these magnetic field traps stably in place. The results are highly important for the development of endoscopic tumor treatment with magnetic nanoparticles as the handling and the stable positioning of the magnetic field trap at the stomach wall in close proximity to the pancreatic tumor could be defined and practiced. Finally, the detailed description of the workflow and use of open access software allows for a wide range of possible uses.
4GREAT is an extension of the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz frequencies (GREAT) operated aboard the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). The spectrometer comprises four different detector bands and their associated subsystems for simultaneous and fully independent science operation. All detector beams are co-aligned on the sky. The frequency bands of 4GREAT cover 491-635, 890-1090, 1240-1525 and 2490-2590 GHz, respectively. This paper presents the design and characterization of the instrument, and its in-flight performance. 4GREAT saw first light in June 2018, and has been offered to the interested SOFIA communities starting with observing cycle 6.
Integrating physical simulation data into data ecosystems challenges the compatibility and interoperability of data management tools. Semantic web technologies and relational databases mostly use other data types, such as measurement or manufacturing design data. Standardizing simulation data storage and harmonizing the data structures with other domains is still a challenge, as current standards such as the ISO standard STEP (ISO 10303 ”Standard for the Exchange of Product model data”) fail to bridge the gap between design and simulation data. This challenge requires new methods, such as ontologies, to rethink simulation results integration. This research describes a new software architecture and application methodology based on the industrial standard ”Virtual Material Modelling in Manufacturing” (VMAP). The architecture integrates large quantities of structured simulation data and their analyses into a semantic data structure. It is capable of providing data permeability from the global digital twin level to the detailed numerical values of data entries and even new key indicators in a three-step approach: It represents a file as an instance in a knowledge graph, queries the file’s metadata, and finds a semantically represented process that enables new metadata to be created and instantiated.
In the last 5 years a close co-operation between the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences and the Philips Research Laboratories in Aachen has been established. In this article I want to report on the co-operation of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Technical Journalism with Philips. Besides a number of diploma theses on the field of water treatment with new discharge lamps, power electronics and modelling of electromagnetic field configurations, there is running also an activity on a new generation of highly efficient light sources based on molecular discharges.
This paper presents a novel approach to address noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues in electrically assisted bicycles (e-bikes) caused by the drive unit. By investigating and optimising the structural dynamics during early product development, NVH can decisively be improved and valuable resources can be saved, emphasising its significance for enhancing riding performance. The paper offers a comprehensive analysis of the e-bike drive unit’s mechanical interactions among relevant components, culminating—to the best of our knowledge—in the development of the first high-fidelity model of an entire e-bike drive unit. The proposed model uses the principles of elastic multi body dynamics (eMBD) to elucidate the structural dynamics in dynamic-transient calculations. Comparing power spectra between measured and simulated motion variables validates the chosen model assumptions. The measurements of physical samples utilise accelerometers, contactless laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) and various test arrangements, which are replicated in simulations and provide accessibility to measure vibrations onto rotating shafts and stationary structures. In summary, this integrated system-level approach can serve as a viable starting point for comprehending and managing the NVH behaviour of e-bikes.
In this paper, a gas-to-power (GtoP) system for power outages is digitally modeled and experimentally developed. The design includes a solid-state hydrogen storage system composed of TiFeMn as a hydride forming alloy (6.7 kg of alloy in five tanks) and an air-cooled fuel cell (maximum power: 1.6 kW). The hydrogen storage system is charged under room temperature and 40 bar of hydrogen pressure, reaching about 110 g of hydrogen capacity. In an emergency use case of the system, hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell, and the waste heat coming from the exhaust air of the fuel cell is used for the endothermic dehydrogenation reaction of the metal hydride. This GtoP system demonstrates fast, stable, and reliable responses, providing from 149 W to 596 W under different constant as well as dynamic conditions. A comprehensive and novel simulation approach based on a network model is also applied. The developed model is validated under static and dynamic power load scenarios, demonstrating excellent agreement with the experimental results.
Solving differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) efficiently by means of appropriate numerical schemes for time-integration is an ongoing topic in applied mathematics. In this context, especially when considering large systems that occur with respect to many fields of practical application effective computation becomes relevant. In particular, corresponding examples are given when having to simulate network structures that consider transport of fluid and gas or electrical circuits. Due to the stiffness properties of DAEs, time-integration of such problems generally demands for implicit strategies. Among the schemes that prove to be an adequate choice are linearly implicit Rung-Kutta methods in the form of Rosenbrock-Wanner (ROW) schemes. Compared to fully implicit methods, they are easy to implement and avoid the solution of non-linear equations by including Jacobian information within their formulation. However, Jacobian calculations are a costly operation. Hence, necessity of having to compute the exact Jacobian with every successful time-step proves to be a considerable drawback. To overcome this drawback, a ROW-type method is introduced that allows for non-exact Jacobian entries when solving semi-explicit DAEs of index one. The resulting scheme thus enables to exploit several strategies for saving computational effort. Examples include using partial explicit integration of non-stiff components, utilizing more advantageous sparse Jacobian structures or making use of time-lagged Jacobian information. In fact, due to the property of allowing for non-exact Jacobian expressions, the given scheme can be interpreted as a generalized ROW-type method for DAEs. This is because it covers many different ROW-type schemes known from literature. To derive the order conditions of the ROW-type method introduced, a theory is developed that allows to identify occurring differentials and coefficients graphically by means of rooted trees. Rooted trees for describing numerical methods were originally introduced by J.C. Butcher. They significantly simplify the determination and definition of relevant characteristics because they allow for applying straightforward procedures. In fact, the theory presented combines strategies used to represent ROW-type methods with exact Jacobian for DAEs and ROW-type methods with non-exact Jacobian for ODEs. For this purpose, new types of vertices are considered in order to describe occurring non-exact elementary differentials completely. The resulting theory thus automatically comprises relevant approaches known from literature. As a consequence, it allows to recognize order conditions of familiar methods covered and to identify new conditions. With the theory developed, new sets of coefficients are derived that allow to realize the ROW-type method introduced up to orders two and three. Some of them are constructed based on methods known from literature that satisfy additional conditions for the purpose of avoiding effects of order reduction. It is shown that these methods can be improved by means of the new order conditions derived without having to increase the number of internal stages. Convergence of the resulting methods is analyzed with respect to several academic test problems. Results verify the theory determined and the order conditions found as only schemes satisfying the order conditions predicted preserve their order when using non-exact Jacobian expressions.
Earth’s nearest candidate supermassive black hole lies at the centre of the Milky Way1. Its electromagnetic emission is thought to be powered by radiatively inefficient accretion of gas from its environment2, which is a standard mode of energy supply for most galactic nuclei. X-ray measurements have already resolved a tenuous hot gas component from which the black hole can be fed3. The magnetization of the gas, however, which is a crucial parameter determining the structure of the accretion flow, remains unknown. Strong magnetic fields can influence the dynamics of accretion, remove angular momentum from the infalling gas4, expel matter through relativistic jets5 and lead to synchrotron emission such as that previously observed6, 7, 8. Here we report multi-frequency radio measurements of a newly discovered pulsar close to the Galactic Centre9, 10, 11, 12 and show that the pulsar’s unusually large Faraday rotation (the rotation of the plane of polarization of the emission in the presence of an external magnetic field) indicates that there is a dynamically important magnetic field near the black hole. If this field is accreted down to the event horizon it provides enough magnetic flux to explain the observed emission—from radio to X-ray wavelengths—from the black hole.
Ablaufdiagramm
(2021)
In diesem Video werden Aufbau, Funktion und Nutzen eines Ablaufdiagrammes als Grundwerkzeug des Qualitätsmanagements gezeigt. Diese bilden die Grundlage für die Visualisierung der definierten und einzuhaltenden Reihenfolge eines Ablaufes für Algorithmen, Programme, Prozesse, Verfahren oder Projekte.
Abschlussbericht zum BMBF-Fördervorhaben Enabling Infrastructure for HPC-Applications (EI-HPC)
(2020)
Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Insektenabwehrvorrichtung (1) zur Abwehr kriechender Insekten (2) umfassend eine Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) zur Erzeugung einer Abwehrspannung sowie umfassend zumindest zwei nebeneinander angeordnete und beabstandet zueinander verlaufende blanke elektrische Leiter (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), die derart mit der Spannungserzeugungseinrichtung (4a, 4b) verbunden sind, dass die Abwehrspannung zwischen ihnen liegt. Die elektrischen Leiter sind als flache Leiterbahnen (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) auf oder in der Oberfläche eines gemeinsamen Trägers (12, 13, 50, 60) ausgebildet, so dass ein Insekt (2) bei einem Berühren der Leiterbahnen (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) einen elektrischen Schlag erhält.
Abstract Classical ballet requires dancers to exercise significant muscle control and strength both while stationary and when moving. Following the Royal Academy of Dance (RAD) syllabus, 8 male and 27 female dancers (aged 20.2 + 1.9 yr) in a full-time university undergraduate dance training program were asked to stand in first position for 10 seconds and then perform 10 repeats of a demi-plié exercise to a counted rhythm. Accelerometer records from the wrist, sacrum, knee and ankle were compared with the numerical scores from a professional dance instructor. The sacrum mounted sensor detected lateral tilts of the torso in dances with lower scores (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r = -0.64, p < 0.005). The 5RMS6 acceleration amplitude of wrist mounted sensor was linearly correlated to the movement scores (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient r = 0.63, p < 0.005). The application of sacrum and wrist mounted sensors for biofeedback during dance training is a realistic, low cost option.
Herein we report an update to ACPYPE, a Python3 tool that now properly converts AMBER to GROMACS topologies for force fields that utilize nondefault and nonuniform 1–4 electrostatic and nonbonded scaling factors or negative dihedral force constants. Prior to this work, ACPYPE only converted AMBER topologies that used uniform, default 1–4 scaling factors and positive dihedral force constants. We demonstrate that the updated ACPYPE accurately transfers the GLYCAM06 force field from AMBER to GROMACS topology files, which employs non-uniform 1–4 scaling factors as well as negative dihedral force constants. Validation was performed using β-d-GlcNAc through gas-phase analysis of dihedral energy curves and probability density functions. The updated ACPYPE retains all of its original functionality, but now allows the simulation of complex glycomolecular systems in GROMACS using AMBER-originated force fields. ACPYPE is available for download at https://github.com/alanwilter/acpype.
The introduction of new steering conceptsSteer-by-Wire (SBW) gives possibility to replace theconventional steering wheel by an alternative userinterface such as a sidestick. In SBW system the sidestickcan be used as user input element instead of a steeringwheel. The implementation of sidestick in the Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) allows combiningthe conventional steering consisting of a steeringwheel, an accelerator and a brake pedal into a singleelement. Also the implementation of the sidestickcreates new, interesting and flexible design optionswhich can be used to transform the driver’s spatialenvironment. This article describes an active sidestickfor a vehicle which has been developed, integrated andtested in accordance of haptic, ergonomic and safetyrelevant requirements. The control strategies used forthe active attenuators of the sidestick have beeninvestigated and optimised using a Simulink model.
The proper use of protective hoods on panel saws should reliably prevent severe injuries from (hand) contact with the blade or material kickbacks. It also should minimize long-term lung damages from fine-particle pollution. To achieve both purposes the hood must be adjusted properly by the operator for each workpiece to fit its height. After a work process is finished, the hood must be lowered down completely to the bench. Unfortunately, in practice the protective hood is fixed at a high position for most of the work time and herein loses its safety features. A system for an automatic height adjustment of the hood would increase comfort and safety. If the system can distinguish between workpieces and skin reliably, it furthermore will reduce occupational hazards for panel saw users. A functional demonstrator of such a system has been designed and implemented to show the feasibility of this approach. A specific optical sensor system is used to observe a point on the extended cut axis in front of the blade. The sensor determines the surface material reliably and measures the distance to the workpiece surface simultaneously. If the distance changes because of a workpiece fed to the machine, the control unit will set the motor-adjusted hood to the correct height. If the sensor detects skin, the hood will not be moved. In addition a camera observes the area under the hood. If there are no workpieces or offcuts left under the hood, it will be lowered back to the default position.
Low power dissipation is a current topic in digital design, and therefore, it should be covered in a state-of-the-art electrical engineering curriculum. This paper describes how low-power design can be addressed within a digital design course. Doing so would be beneficial for both topics because low-power design is not detached from the systems perspective, and the digital design course would be enriched by references to current challenges and applications. Thus, the presented course should serve as an example of how a course can be developed to also teach students about sustainable engineering.
Solving transport network problems can be complicated by non-linear effects. In the particular case of gas transport networks, the most complex non-linear elements are compressors and their drives. They are described by a system of equations, composed of a piecewise linear ‘free’ model for the control logic and a non-linear ‘advanced’ model for calibrated characteristics of the compressor. For all element equations, certain stability criteria must be fulfilled, providing the absence of folds in associated system mapping. In this paper, we consider a transformation (warping) of a system from the space of calibration parameters to the space of transport variables, satisfying these criteria. The algorithm drastically improves stability of the network solver. Numerous tests on realistic networks show that nearly 100% convergence rate of the solver is achieved with this approach.
AErOmAt Abschlussbericht
(2020)
Das Projekt AErOmAt hatte zum Ziel, neue Methoden zu entwickeln, um einen erheblichen Teil aerodynamischer Simulationen bei rechenaufwändigen Optimierungsdomänen einzusparen. Die Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg (H-BRS) hat auf diesem Weg einen gesellschaftlich relevanten und gleichzeitig wirtschaftlich verwertbaren Beitrag zur Energieeffizienzforschung geleistet. Das Projekt führte außerdem zu einer schnelleren Integration der neuberufenen Antragsteller in die vorhandenen Forschungsstrukturen.
The clear-sky radiative effect of aerosol-radiation interactions is of relevance for our understanding of the climate system. The influence of aerosol on the surface energy budget is of high interest for the renewable energy sector. In this study, the radiative effect is investigated in particular with respect to seasonal and regional variations for the region of Germany and the year 2015 at the surface and top of atmosphere using two complementary approaches.
First, an ensemble of clear-sky models which explicitly consider aerosols is utilized to retrieve the aerosol optical depth and the surface direct radiative effect of aerosols by means of a clear sky fitting technique. For this, short-wave broadband irradiance measurements in the absence of clouds are used as a basis. A clear sky detection algorithm is used to identify cloud free observations. Considered are measurements of the shortwave broadband global and diffuse horizontal irradiance with shaded and unshaded pyranometers at 25 stations across Germany within the observational network of the German Weather Service (DWD). Clear sky models used are MMAC, MRMv6.1, METSTAT, ESRA, Heliosat-1, CEM and the simplified Solis model. The definition of aerosol and atmospheric characteristics of the models are examined in detail for their suitability for this approach.
Second, the radiative effect is estimated using explicit radiative transfer simulations with inputs on the meteorological state of the atmosphere, trace-gases and aerosol from CAMS reanalysis. The aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth, Ångström exponent, single scattering albedo and assymetrie parameter) are first evaluated with AERONET direct sun and inversion products. The largest inconsistency is found for the aerosol absorption, which is overestimated by about 0.03 or about 30 % by the CAMS reanalysis. Compared to the DWD observational network, the simulated global, direct and diffuse irradiances show reasonable agreement within the measurement uncertainty. The radiative kernel method is used to estimate the resulting uncertainty and bias of the simulated direct radiative effect. The uncertainty is estimated to −1.5 ± 7.7 and 0.6 ± 3.5 W m−2 at the surface and top of atmosphere, respectively, while the annual-mean biases at the surface, top of atmosphere and total atmosphere are −10.6, −6.5 and 4.1 W m−2, respectively.
The retrieval of the aerosol radiative effect with the clear sky models shows a high level of agreement with the radiative transfer simulations, with an RMSE of 5.8 W m−2 and a correlation of 0.75. The annual mean of the REari at the surface for the 25 DWD stations shows a value of −12.8 ± 5 W m−2 as average over the clear sky models, compared to −11 W m−2 from the radiative transfer simulations. Since all models assume a fixed aerosol characterisation, the annual cycle of the aerosol radiation effect cannot be reproduced. Out of this set of clear sky models, the largest level of agreement is shown by the ESRA and MRMv6.1 models.
Seit vielen Jahren ist der Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule eines der zentralen Themen für didaktische Theorien, empirische Untersuchungen und bildungspolitische Diskussionen. Ein dabei identifiziertes großes Problem vieler Studierender ist, dass mit dem Abitur „eine Lebensphase mit meist klar definierten Zielen in überschaubaren räumlichen, familiären und schulischen Strukturen endet“.1) Entscheidet man sich als Studierender gegen die nicht akademische Laufbahn und nimmt ein Hochschulstudium auf, trifft man auf Studienstrukturen und -bedingungen, die einem fremd und chaotisch vorkommen können. Der Weg an die Hochschulen ermöglicht den Individuen eine Reihe von Optionen, ist aber leider auch immer mit Risiken und Unsicherheiten behaftet. Entscheidungen müssen nun selbstständig vorbereitet und getroffen werden und dies in einem Umfeld, das sehr unterschiedlich im Vergleich zur bekannten Schulstruktur sein kann.
This paper proposes an approach to an ANN-based temperature controller design for a plastic injection moulding system. This design approach is applied to the development of a controller based on a combination of a classical ANN and integrator. The controller provides a fast temperature response and zero steady-state error for three typical heaters (bar, nozzle, and cartridge) for a plastic moulding system. The simulation results in Matlab Simulink software and in comparison to an industrial PID regulator have shown the advantages of the controller, such as significantly less overshoot and faster transient (compared to PID with autotuning) for all examined heaters. In order to verify the proposed approach, the designed ANN controller was implemented and tested using an experimental setup based on an STM32 board.
The design of a fully superconducting wind power generator is influenced by several factors. Among them, a low number of pole pairs is desirable to achieve low AC losses in the superconducting stator winding, which greatly influences the cooling system design and, consecutively, the efficiency of the entire wind power plant. However, it has been identified that a low number of pole pairs in a superconducting generator tends to greatly increase its output voltage, which in turn creates challenging conditions for the necessary power electronic converter. This study highlights the interdependencies between the design of a fully superconducting 10 MW wind power generator and the corresponding design of its power electronic converter.