303 Gesellschaftliche Prozesse
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Der Impuls von Remi Maier-Rigaud behandelt die Einführung der europäischen Gesundheitsunion als Reaktion auf die begrenzten Handlungsmöglichkeiten der Europäischen Union (EU) im Bereich der Gesundheitspolitik während der Coronapandemie. Die Gesundheitsunion wurde geschaffen, um die koordinierte Reaktion auf grenzüberschreitende Gesundheitsgefahren zu verbessern. Maier-Riguad beleuchtet im Beitrag die Vorteile einer europäischen Gesundheitspolitik, betont jedoch, dass die Frage der ausreichenden Vorbereitung auf zukünftige Gesundheitskrisen offen bleibt.
Politische Ökonomie
(2023)
Twitchen als Kulturtechnik
(2023)
Die Maschine als Schöpferin
(2023)
This paper aims to assess farmers’ challenges in enhancing biodiversity. The so-called “trilemma” (WBGU 2021) of land use stems from the multiple demands made on land for the benefit of mitigating climate change, securing food, and maintaining biodiversity. Agriculture is accused of maladministration, causing soil contamination, animal cruelty, bee mortality, and climate change. However, farmers play a key role in overcoming upcoming sustainability challenges. While their supportive role is urgently needed, farmers find themselves caught between a “rock” and a ”hard place”. Consumers call for sustainable production and affordable food products without pesticide residues, demanding enough for all. Farmers are restricted by the wants and needs of consumers who are influenced by interest groups and exposed to interdependent direct and indirect influencing factors. They need to balance the scrutiny of the critical public as well as the regulatory control. In this paper, we collected and surveyed the data of farmers within or close to the 21 selected nature protected areas of the DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas) Project, using a mixed methods approach with a semi-structured questionnaire considering issues’ interdependencies and the complexity of today´s problems. The conflicts and obstacles faced by farmers were assessed. The results reflect the farmers’ willingness and the importance of receiving appreciation for implementing biodiversity measures. These results, complemented by a following quantitative study, are the basis for recommendations for policymakers and farmers in all German nature protected areas.
The aim of this master thesis was to probe the view of Bonn’s citizens on the smart city project of the German city. A literature review helped defining the smart city term and identifying the smart city concept that is mostly used in Germany. This can be summarized as an urban planning concept using information and communication technology to build citizen centric, sustainable cities. According to this, a smart city should include transparent communication and participation of its citizens. The websites and different publications of Bonn were researched to understand its smart city strategy and vision. This revealed inconsistencies. To resolve these inconsistencies, three representatives of the city were inter-viewed. Based on the knowledge gained up to this point, two groups of Bonn’s inhabitants discussed the Smart City Bonn and presented their perception of it. With the help of this methodology, the following results were obtained. Communication and participation of the city are in many cases in line with the current recommendations for a smart city. Bonn has apparently recognized the relevance of these aspects in theory but should also implement them more consistently in practice. Currently the city council publishes contradictory information and does not plan to incorporate the sight of Bonn’s citizens to develop the smart city strat-egy in the first place, as it is recommended in common literature.
The aim of this paper is to assess the objectives of farmers’ challenges in enhancing biodiversity. The so-called “trilemma” (WBGU 2021) of land use stems from the multiple demands made on land for the benefit of mitigating climate change, securing food and maintaining biodiversity. The agricultural sector is accused of maladministration: it is blamed for causing soil contamination, animal cruelty, bee mortality and climate change. That is why farmers are seen as key actors at all levels. They are, however, also key players when it comes to overcoming the problems of the future. Their supportive role is urgently needed, but farmers find themselves caught between a “rock” and a ”hard place”. Consumers are calling for sustainable, environmentally friendly production and inexpensive food products that do not contain pesticide residues, demanding enough food for all. Farmers are restricted by the wants and needs of consumers who are influenced by interest groups and are exposed to direct and indirect influencing factors and their interdependencies. They are also tasked with balancing the scrutiny of the critical public on the one hand, and the control exercised by eager authorities on the other.
As part of the DINA (Diversity of Insects in Nature protected Areas) project, a trans- and interdisciplinary research study, we collected and surveyed the data of farmers who are farming within or close to the 21 selected nature protected areas included in the DINA project. Data was collected as part of a mixed method approach using a semi-structured questionnaire. The methodological and strategic approach and interdependencies of issues demonstrate the complexity of today’s problems. To investigate this, we first used the data collection method using questionnaires with closed and open questions. The conflicts and obstacles farmers face were evaluated, and the results show farmers’ willingness and the importance of appreciation shown to farmers for implementation of biodiversity measures. The paper proposes some follow-up activities (quantitative study) to verify the objectives. The results will later lead to recommendations for policymakers and farmers in all German nature protected areas.
Orešković and Porsdam Mann draw a distinction between ‘fast’ and ‘slow’ science. Whereas the latter involves rigorous and laborious adherence to the scientific method, the former represents the reality that much scientific work faces time pressures which at times force shortcuts. The distinction can be seen to operate in contemporary research into the coronavirus pandemic: whereas the development of vaccines and treatments usually requires years of meticulous laboratory work and several more years of clinical testing, the many millions suffering from the disease need a treatment now. However, by taking too many safeguards off the treatment discovery and testing pipelines, or by refusing to act in accordance with scientific advice, governments risk sacrificing the public’s trust not only in the government’s scientific bona fides but in the scientific process itself. This is a heavy price to pay, argue Orešković and Porsdam Mann, and point to evidence indicating that the success of Germany and Japan in combating COVID-19 can be traced to public trust in science and government, as well as scientifically-informed and respectful national leadership.
Politische Ökonomie
(2020)
Social cash transfers (SCTs) are considered a priority in least-developed countries, where the gap between the need for basic social protection and existing provisions is greatest. This study represents one of the first comprehensive treatments of the impact of social cash transfers in low-income sub-Saharan Africa, and the first for Zambia's oldest SCT scheme. The results, based on propensity score matching and fully efficient odds-weighted regression, and data from the Kalomo SCT pilot scheme, confirm positive SCT effects on per capita consumption expenditure. We also discover threshold effects with SCT mostly impacting food expenditure among poorer beneficiary households and non-food expenditure among wealthier beneficiaries.
Die 2010er Jahre waren durch einen starken Anstieg der Mieten und der Kaufpreise gerade in den Ballungsräumen gekennzeichnet. Hieraus wird teilweise abgeleitet, dass Wohnen "die soziale Frage unserer Zeit" sei. In dieser Analyse wird auf der Grundlage des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) die Entwicklung der Wohnkostenbelastung im Längs- und Querschnitt analysiert. Außerdem wird die historische Bedeutung der sozialen Frage erläutert. Insgesamt zeigt sich, dass die starke Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in Kombination mit einer Reduktion der Wohnflächen die Wohnkostenbelastung bei vielen Haushalten konstant gehalten hat. Nur bei wenigen Haushalten gibt es tatsächlich einen merklichen Anstieg der Belastung, jedoch bei gleichzeitig gestiegener Zufriedenheit mit der Wohnsituation. Auch wenn Wohnen damit nicht als die soziale Frage unserer Zeit bezeichnet werden kann, brauchen doch zahlreiche Haushalte Unterstützung. Insbesondere aufgrund der virusbedingten Wirtschaftskrise im Jahr 2020 dürfte deren Zahl noch steigen. Die dafür zur Verfügung stehenden Instrumente wie das Wohngeld und Sozialwohnungen sollten gestärkt werden, aber gerade bei Sozialwohnungen sollte darauf geachtet werden, die soziale Treffsicherheit zu verbessern.
İnsanlar yeryüzünün doğal kaynaklarını onun bunları yenileyebileceğinden daha hızlı tüketmektedirler. İnsanların bu tutumlarının bedelini gelecek kuşaklar ödeyeceklerdir. Gelecek kuşaklara bu bedeli ödetmemek için artık parasal kârları ençoklamak, niceliksel olarak büyümek ve bolluk yaratmak doğrultusunda işleyen şimdiki ekonomik faaliyetleri bir başka biçime dönüştürmek kaçınılmazdır. Peren Teoremi göstermektedir ki Dünya örneğinde de olduğu gibi kapalı bir sistem doğal kaynak tüketimi eş düzeyde bir doğal kaynak üretimi ile yaşayabilir. Üretim ile tüketim arasındaki denge çok uzun bir süre bozulursa gezegen doğal bir ölüm ile karşılaşır. Bunu sağlamak üzere Dünya üzerinde yaşayan ve/veya dünya sayesinde yaşayan tüm insanların kişi başına doğal kaynak tüketimlerini artan küresel nüfusla orantılı bir biçimde azaltmak gerekir.
Zwischen Tradition und Digitalisierung – Unternehmenskulturen sozialer Organisationen im Wandel
(2018)
Die unterschiedlichen Facetten der digitalen Zukunft zu beleuchten – sei es die aktive Gestaltungsaufgabe der Politik, die ethischen und moralischen Anpassungen durch Digitalisierung in der Gesellschaft oder die technische und wirtschaftliche Verantwortung – und in Bezug zueinander zu setzen, ist Aufgabe und Ziel dieser Publikation. Im Zuge der digitalen Transformation ist zudem der Ruf nach einer neuen Kultur für Gesellschaft, Politik und Wirtschaft geboten.
New approaches in securing more sustainable urban food futures: case from Cologne-Bonn region
(2018)
Der globalisierte Kapitalismus, Umweltkatastrophen, Überbevölkerung sowie zunehmende politisch und religiös motivierte Konflikte fordern ein Umdenken ökonomischer Konzepte. Allein mit den herkömmlichen Sozial- und Wirtschaftssystemen lassen sich existenzbedrohende Probleme wie Armut, Hunger, Krankheit, mangelnde Bildung und Betreuung nicht lösen. Es gilt dringend, neue, zukunftsweisende unternehmerische Konzepte zu entwickeln und zu fördern. Seit geraumer Zeit hat sich unter dem Begriff „Social Entrepreneurship“ eine Bewegung etabliert, die versucht, unter Beachtung klassischer Ökonomiegrundsätze gesellschaftliche Herausforderungen nachhaltig zu lösen.
Adoption of Modern Maize Varieties in India: Insights Based on Expert Elicitation Methodology
(2018)
Der vorliegende Fachbericht ist der Abschlussbericht eines im Auftrag des Ministeriums für Umwelt, Landwirtschaft, Natur- und Verbraucherschutz durchgeführten Kooperationsprojekts des LANUV mit dem Internationalen Zentrum für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (Hochschule-Bonn-Rhein-Sieg) zur Untersuchung von Mengen und Gründen für die Entstehung von Lebensmittelverlusten bei Obst, Gemüse und Kartoffeln sowie zur Entwicklung von Vermeidungsstrategien im Winter 2016/2017.