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- Ghana (3)
There is severe clinical vitamin A deficiency (VAD) prevalence among Ghanaians and many African countries. Foodbased diets has been suggested as a more sustainable approach to solving the VAD situation in Africa. In this study, A participatory action research between orange flesh sweet potato farmers, gari processors within central region and academia was adopted to develop gari containing provitamin A beta-carotene. Gari is a major staple for Ghanaians and people in the West African subregion due to its affordability and swelling capacity. It is mainly eaten raw with water, sugar, groundnut and milk as gari-soakings or with hot water to prepare gelatinized food called gari-kai in Ghana or “eba” among Nigerians. However, gari is limited in provitamin A carotenoids. Orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is known to contain large amount of vitamin A precursor. Therefore, addition of OFSP to gari would have the potential to fight the high prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency amongst less developed regions of Africa. To develop this, different proportions of orange fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) was used to substitute cassava mash and fermented spontaneously to produce composite gari - a gritty-crispy ready-to-eat food product. Both the amount of OFSP and the fermentation duration caused significant increases in the β-carotene content of the composite gari. OFSP addition reduced the luminance while roasting made the composite gari yellower when compared with the cake used. Addition of OFSP negatively affected the swelling capacity of the gari although not significant. The taste, texture, flavour and the overall preferences for the composite gari decreased due to the addition of the OFSP but fermentation duration (FD) improved them. The sample with 10% OFSP and FD of 1.81 days was found to produce the optimal gari. One-portion of the optimal gari would contribute to 34.75, 23.2, 23.2, 27, 17 and 16% of vitamin A requirements amongst children, adolescent, adult males, adult females, pregnant women and lactating mothers respectively. The study demonstrated that partial substitution of cassava with OFSP for gari production would have the potential to fight the high prevalence rate of vitamin A deficiency amongst less developed regions of Africa while involvement of farmers and processors prior to the design of research phase enhanced the adoption of intervention strategies.
The role of tourism entrepreneurship in rural development continues to be a subject of interest and debate among academia and practitioners. Theoretically, it is anticipated that tourism entrepreneurship will lead to livelihood diversification, enhancement and ultimately a revitalization of the rural economy. While tourism is posited as an accessible entrepreneurship pathway, there is a dearth of information regarding rural dwellers’ actual experiences with it, especially within the Ghanaian context. Using a case study approach and qualitative data from Wli; a rural tourism destination in Ghana, this paper delves into the opportunities and concerns associated with tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas. Data was obtained between November and December 2016 from 27 persons who were either tourism enterprise owners or employees. Findings from the study showed that entrepreneurial activities centred on the provision of accommodation, food and beverage, souvenir and guiding services. The nature of the activities enabled easy transfer of existing skills and knowledge. Further, entry into tourism entrepreneurship was perceived to be easy by the majority of study participants. These findings confirm the potential for tourism to be employed in boosting entrepreneurial activities in rural areas. Nevertheless, there were concerns regarding access to credit, institutional support, unhealthy competitions, low incomes, unguaranteed pensions, and seasonality and skewness of demand. These concerns threatened the growth and sustainability of tourism entrepreneurship within the community. From a policy perspective, there is a need for institutional recognition and support for tourism entrepreneurial intentions and activities in rural areas. Practice-wise, credit facilities need to be designed specifically for tourism-related rural enterprises. Further, periodic skills and knowledge augmentation programmes must be initiated to help expand the skill sets for the rural entrepreneurs. Finally, there is a need for the formation of traderelated networks to provide a platform for knowledge and experience sharing among the entrepreneurs.
Industrie 4.0: Digitale Wirtschaft – Herausforderung und Chance für Unternehmen und Arbeitswelt
(2015)
Seit Mitte der 1990er Jahre werden neue Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien in der Arbeitswelt genutzt, in wachsendem Ausmaß und mit wachsender Bedeutung. Die verstärkte Digitalisierung verändert sowohl die Wirtschaft als auch die Gesellschaft. Es wird sogar von der "vierten industriellen Revolution" gesprochen, denn traditionelle Geschäftsmodelle geraten unter Druck.
Die Fachhochschulen Bonn-Rhein-Sieg und RheinAhrCampus als Instrumente im regionalen Strukturwandel
(2004)
The Bonn region had to undergo a serious structural change because of the loss of its function as the capital of Germany. In this empirical study the role of the two newly founded universities for applied sciences Bonn-Rhein-Sieg and RheinAhrCampus in the process of regional structural change is examined. What was and still is their contribution to innovative regional development? The special focus of this study is on the number of students and graduates, the transfer of knowledge and technology and the spin-offs and start-ups.
Although most individuals who gamble do so without any adverse consequences, some individuals develop a recurrent, maladaptive pattern of gambling behaviour, often called pathological gambling or gambling disorder, that is associated with financial losses, disruption of family and interpersonal relationships, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Identifying whether different types of gambling modalities vary in their ability to lead to maladaptive patterns of gambling behaviour is essential to develop public policies that seek to balance access to gambling opportunities with minimizing risk for the potential adverse consequences of gambling behaviour. Until recently, assessing the risk potential of different types of gambling products was nearly impossible. ASTERIG, initially developed in Germany in 2006-2010, is an assessment tool to measure and to evaluate the risk potential of any gambling product based on scores on ten dimensions. In doing so, it also allows a comparison to be drawn between the addictive potential of different gambling products. Furthermore, the tool highlights where the specific risk potential of each specific gambling product lies. This makes it a valuable tool at the legislative, case law, and administrative levels as it allows the risk potential of individual gambling products to be identified and to be compared globally and across 10 different dimensions of risk potential. We note that specific gambling products should always be evaluated rather than product groups (lotteries, slot machines) or providers, as there may be variations among those product groups that impact their risk potential. For example, slot machines may vary on the amount of jackpot, which may influence their risk potential.
Sicherung des Jugend- und Spielerschutzes innerhalb des gewerblichen Geldspiels in Deutschland - 2.0
(2017)
Eine wissenschaftliche Analyse zur Zertifizierung des gewerblichen Geldspiels in Deutschland. Die Basis bildet die international und interdisziplinär validierte wissenschaftliche Expertise "Safeguarding the Protection of Minors and Players with Respect to Commercial Gambling in Germany - 2.0". Ziel ist die Qualitätssicherung für einen verantwortlichen Umgang mit Glücks- und Gewinnspielangeboten (Responsible Gaming). Dazu wird ein Prüfkatalog für das gewerbliche Geldspiel in Spielhallen und in Gaststätten vorgestellt und durch Musterformulare unterstützt. Dieses Zertifizierungsverfahren kann auch im internationalen Kontext Impulse geben und gegebenenfalls einen Standard setzen, auch zur Regulierung nicht-regulierter Glücks- und Gewinnspielangebote.
A central objective of the German gambling law is to ensure the protection of minors and players (§ 1 Sentence 1 No. 3 GlüStV 2012). Since the year 2014 gambling facilities for commercial games of chance in gambling halls and restaurants have been certified by the German Safety Standards Authority [Technischer Überwachungsverein – TÜV]. Certification by government-accredited testing organizations based on internationally validated, interdisciplinary scientific expertise "Safeguarding the Protection of Minors and Players with Respect to Commercial Gambling in Germany – 2.0" is a quality assurance instrument from a regulatory perspective. It is in the interests of, in particular, excellent quality providers to ensure that they are also perceived as providing this level of quality. Certification leads to market separation. In so doing, the advantages of end-to-end certification should be greater than any disadvantages. Analysing the international environment shows that certifi cation initiatives are necessary and have been put in place in other sectors of the gambling industry.
The primary aim is quality assurance for a responsible handling of commercial games of chance offerings (responsible gambling). The presented testing catalogue for commercial gambling can also provide an impetus in the international context and, as appropriate, a set standard.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the start-up scene in sub-Saharan Africa. "Silicon Savannah" is today widely used to describe the thriving IT industry in and around Nairobi. Kenya's geographical advantage, its favorable economic reforms, and mature start-up ecosystem makes it stands out positively. Since a lot of hype exists around the start-up scene many investors are drawn to it, but in reality very few start-ups are investment-ready. The increasing start-up requirements and needs force incubators to diversify their offer. In contrast, to traditional incubators, an Innovation Hub (Hub) is characterized based on the concept of open innovation and collaboration. A Hub nurtures an enabling environment where a community of entrepreneurs can grow. At the same time, it serves as a nexus point for the local start-up community, investors, academia, technology companies and the wider private sector. It aims to create a structure where people serendipitously interact with others that they would not typically meet. Considering the great interest for and the large amounts of money invested in Hubs by governments, universities, private companies and other interested parties, not only researchers have been raising the question of the actual benefit of Hubs. This research study aims to investigate to what extent the support offered by the Hubs is tackling the challenges faced by start-ups in Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis can serve as a basis for identifying strength and weaknesses in the Hub models.
Preis und Qualitätseffekte
(2005)
Bei der Wertschöpfung in den entwickelten Volkswirtschaften spielen digitale Güter eine wichtige Rolle. Sie haben Eigenschaften, die oft unter dem Stichwort „Marktversagen“ diskutiert werden. Ungeachtet davon gibt es viele Unternehmen wie Microsoft, Apple, Google oder Ebay, die beachtliche Markterfolge erzielen, da sie die Besonderheiten ihrer digitalen Güter in geeignete Marktstrategien umsetzen. Einige Grundregeln der ökonomischen Theorie, die bei materiellen Gütern zum Marktversagen führen, gelten nicht für digitale Güter.
Da sich die Qualität vieler Dienstleistungen nur schwer beurteilen lässt, ist sie oft nur durchschnittlich. Im Extremfall kann das dazu führen, dass keine hochwertigen Dienstleistungen mehr angeboten werden. Staatliche Markteingriffe wie Preisfestsetzungen führen nicht zwangsläufig zu guter Qualität. Wie lässt sich die Qualität von Dienstleistungen sicherstellen? Wird sie von den Nachfragern überhaupt honoriert? Ist Qualität stets mit höheren Kosten verbunden?
Mess- und Bewertungsinstrument zur Feststellung des Gefährdungspotentials von Glücksspielprodukten
(2008)
Digitales Geld
(2015)