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One of the biggest challenges faced by many tech start-ups from developed markets is to have validated market-fit products/services and to see their solutions implemented. In several sectors, stringent regulations, and the law of handicap of head start at home can be hurdles that limit the development and even the survival potential of theses start-ups. Tech start-ups seeking implementation, learning, and legitimacy may have a solution in expanding into emerging markets. Emerging markets offer both business opportunities in sectors in need of new technologies as they are “fertile grounds” for developing and testing internationalisation business models. We present here a process designed to help tech start-ups to identify, access, shape and seize these opportunities and to overcome their own specificities and emerging markets specificities. The three phases of the proposed process cover entry node concept, partnership, and business, operating and revenue joint models’ development. DesignScience Research Paradigm is used for the design and evaluation of the process. To show the relevance of this process, a case study on the expansion in Morocco of a Dutch start-up active in e-health is used. The study shows the importance of the process for the embeddedness in a local relevant value network with a relevant adopter’s system, a key enabler to achieve time and cost-effective expansion in that specific business and institutional contexts. A pilot to assess the proposed models and evidence of benefits is under development. To boost their chances of growth tech start-ups from developed markets should consider expansion into emerging markets in their strategy. It would be beneficial that policy makers adopt a strategy by which to assist tech start-ups in accessing value networks in emerging markets. It is also important for policy makers from emerging markets to consider developing schemes to attract tech start-ups from developed markets.
The article explores SME (Small and Medium Sized Enterprises) brand strategies as a means to position and successfully engage in competitive markets. A derived typology of brand strategy types deals with social profiling and sheds light on brand strategy internalization of two current managerial paradigms—sustainability and co-creation. N = 895 German SME wineries were examined, leaning on a netnographic analysis of predominantly websites and social media interactions. A two-step clustering method thereby identified eight winery SME brand strategy types. The importance of sustainability across the identified eight brand strategy types is significant. Co-creation turned out to be a key profiling trait characterizing one brand strategy type. The typology illustrates strategic richness, with brand strategies leaning predominantly on traditional values, on sustainability, on external reputation, or on more innovative customer centric concepts such as co-creation. Hereby, the typology and the identified brand levers invite to strategically design brand management, governance, and sustainability. Wineries which focus on traditional positioning and legitimacy were found to be cautious in deploying co-creation through social media. Winery brands that are characterized by engagement in digital co-creation apparently either tend to expand their scope or partially combine it with traditional values, making them the most diverse type identified. Sustainability obviously needs to be addressed by all brand strategies. Despite industry and country focus, the analyses illustrate the relevance of socially-oriented profiling and highlights that sustainability has reached a status of a fundamental business approach still allowing to differentiate thereon. Furthermore, the business models of the SMEs need to deliver communicated values.
This study sought to apply the Structure Conduct Performance paradigm to Africa´s air transport landscape in general. To do that, it examines the past, present, and future expectations of four of Sub-Saharan Africa’s biggest aviation economies, namely South Africa, Kenya, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Secondary data containing historical passenger traffic was analysed, and predictions for growth in the next ten years were proposed. The findings suggest that the experience of the existing liberalization initiatives, such as the Yamoussoukro Declaration (YD), has produced less than expected benefits. However, the future of aviation in Africa is somewhat positive, with a growth trajectory expected to follow a linear and gradual path supported by various initiatives, including the Single African Air Transport Market (SAATM) and the African Continental Free Trade Area (AFCTA). The study’s contribution is to illuminate the current discourse on the aviation sector in Africa through the Structure-Conduct-Performance theory paradigm and suggests a conceptual model that could be applied to future studies relating to aviation in Africa.
An exploratory study: Analysis of Serbian tourism market and identification of major market segments
(2016)
Statistische Fragestellungen finden sich in den verschiedensten alltäglichen Lebensbereichen. Ohne Grundlagen der Deskriptiven Statistik ist das Verständnis technischer, sozialer oder naturwissenschaftlicher Zusammenhänge kaum denkbar. Dieses Buch verbindet hohe analytische Tiefe statistischer Fragestellungen mit großer Anschaulichkeit.
Although most individuals who gamble do so without any adverse consequences, some individuals develop a recurrent, maladaptive pattern of gambling behaviour, often called pathological gambling or gambling disorder, that is associated with financial losses, disruption of family and interpersonal relationships, and co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Identifying whether different types of gambling modalities vary in their ability to lead to maladaptive patterns of gambling behaviour is essential to develop public policies that seek to balance access to gambling opportunities with minimizing risk for the potential adverse consequences of gambling behaviour. Until recently, assessing the risk potential of different types of gambling products was nearly impossible. ASTERIG, initially developed in Germany in 2006-2010, is an assessment tool to measure and to evaluate the risk potential of any gambling product based on scores on ten dimensions. In doing so, it also allows a comparison to be drawn between the addictive potential of different gambling products. Furthermore, the tool highlights where the specific risk potential of each specific gambling product lies. This makes it a valuable tool at the legislative, case law, and administrative levels as it allows the risk potential of individual gambling products to be identified and to be compared globally and across 10 different dimensions of risk potential. We note that specific gambling products should always be evaluated rather than product groups (lotteries, slot machines) or providers, as there may be variations among those product groups that impact their risk potential. For example, slot machines may vary on the amount of jackpot, which may influence their risk potential.
Within an elementary decision of March 28th, 2006 the German Federal Constitutional Court implemented the following: “According to the status quo of research it is certain, that gambling and bets can result in morbid addictive behaviour. ... However different gambling products exhibit different addictive potentials.” Up to now a specific identification of the addictive potential of a concrete gambling product was nearly impossible. This being said, the Wissenschaftliches Forum Glücksspiel (Gambling Scientific Forum) developed a globally applicable assessment tool to measure and evaluate the risk potential of gambling products.
AsTERiG is developed by the Gambling Scientific Forum in the years 2006-2010. At the completion of this final version as well as in the composition of this survey the following scientists were involved: Prof. Dr. Reiner Clement, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University; Prof. Dr. Jörg Ennuschat, University of Konstanz; Prof. Jörg Häfeli, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts; Prof. Dr. Gerhard Meyer, University of Bremen; Chantal Mörsen, Charité Berlin; Prof. Dr. Dr. Franz W. Peren, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University; Prof. Dr. Wiltrud Terlau, Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University.
Háttér és célkitűzések: A játékszenvedély vizsgálatával foglalkozó tudományos cikkek sora dinamikusan bővült az elmúlt években. Kutatások folynak a témában például Nagy-Britanniában, (1) Finnországban(2) és Svédországban(3) is. Ugyanakkor ezen kutatások empirikus eredményei még nem publikáltak, így az értékelésük is csak később lehetséges.(4)
Die demografische Entwicklung spielt für Immobilieninvestoren eine große Rolle. Schließlich entscheidet die zukünftige Anzahl der Nutzer über die Nachfrage. Im Büroimmobilienmarkt ist daher vor allem die Anzahl der Bürobeschäftigten relevant, die sich wiederum aus dem Erwerbspersonenpotenzial ableitet. Auf Basis der Untersuchungen des Instituts der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Bürobeschäftigung und zur demografischen Entwicklung lassen sich die demografischen Perspektiven für den Büromarkt bis zum Jahr 2035 ableiten. Deutschlandweit ist nach einem kurzfristigen Anstieg mit einer Stagnation der Büronachfrage zu rechnen. In den Großstädten wird dagegen die Nachfrage weiter steigen. Vor allem in München und Berlin legt die Nachfrage kräftig zu, je nach Szenario zwischen 12 und 18 Prozent. In Düsseldorf, Hamburg und Frankfurt am Main liegen die Zuwächse dagegen zwischen 6 und 9 Prozent bis 2035. Im Vergleich zum Wohnungsmarkt sind die demografischen Perspektiven für den Büromarkt jedoch insgesamt schlechter, da die Anzahl der Erwerbspersonen langsamer wächst als die Gesamtbevölkerung. Zudem müssen bei langfristigen Betrachtungen auch mögliche Verschiebungen der Nachfrage, etwa durch die Digitalisierung, beachtet werden. Gerade in Kombination mit dem zunehmenden Fachkräftemangel können heutige Büroarbeitsplätze durch Verlagerungen ins Ausland oder durch Automatisierung wegfallen.
This article provides insights into the modalities of business-model change and innovation. On the basis of an analysis of empirical data of small and medium enterprises, a transition from wine production centrism to its expanded use in hospitality and tourism is explored. Previous research on wine tourism and hospitality predominantly focuses on a destination perspective, neglecting the organizational winery perspective. The article deploys a mixed methods approach, combining netnography and a content analysis for data collection with grounded research and clustering for theory building. The sample size included 885 German wineries. Data stemmed from two distinct sources (websites and a secondary publication in form of a wine guide) and has been analyzed through a two-step clustering algorithm as well as a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The two-step clustering algorithm resulted in nine different business models while the PCA analysis grouped the variables into the following two categories: basic winery business model (BM) and BM extension into hospitality and tourism, thereby validating the difference between the two constructs. The results point to the diverse nature of business model extensions of wineries in tourism and hospitality, depending on their organizational type and size. This study offers a classification of small and medium sized enterprise’s strategic business model expansion, and explores the expansion of the wine industry through wine hospitality and tourism services, starting with the winery organizational perspective, which has not been done before.
Der Zukunftsforscher Leo A. Nefiodow sieht den Gesundheitsbereich als den neuen Megamarkt des 21. Jahrhunderts, der auf den Basisinnovationen psychosozialer Gesundheit mit den Anwendungen der Biotechnologie und Umwelttechnologien beruhen soll. Er sieht in der Verbesserung der psychosozialen Gesundheit erhebliche Produktivitätsreserven für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Nefiodow beruft sich auf soziochronologische Wellen von mehreren Jahrzehnten Dauer, die der russische Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Nikolai Kondratieff entdeckte.
Most economies across the globe rely on entrepreneurship for growth. There is evidence to suggest that entrepreneurship creates job opportunities and spurs economic growth and development (Pacheco, Dean, & Payne, 2010; Mojica, Gebremedhin, & Schaeffer, 2010, and Solomon, 2007). Even though entrepreneurship is one of the fastest growing education disciplines globally, researchers are still divided on what should be taught and how it should be taught in institutions of higher learning. Entrepreneurial decision-making is laced with uncertainty and drawbacks. Hence, entrepreneurship learners must be taught using practical and conceptual methodologies to equip them with the requisite knowledge and skill that will enable them to confront such challenges in their entrepreneurial activities. This calls for entrepreneurship teachers to be innovative and to also encourage their learners to be innovative as entrepreneurship involves the generation of new business ideas. This paper sought to examine teaching methodologies for entrepreneurship education in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. A mixed-method approach that involved triangulation as the main data collection technique was used. Interviews were administered with teachers and learners of entrepreneurial education in Kenya, with a view to identifying the most commonly used teaching methodologies of entrepreneurial education and their shortcomings. Course outlines and curricula borrowed from twenty (20) institutions of higher learning in Kenya were reviewed. Results indicate that entrepreneurial education in Kenya is largely theoretical and does not meet the needs of the modern entrepreneur. The paper therefore recommends innovative teaching methodologies of entrepreneurial education that can be utilised by the teacher to prepare students adequately to generate entrepreneurial ideas and to identify entrepreneurial opportunities. For this reason, the paper recommends the use of such methodologies as business plan generation, idea generation, innovation, creativity, networking, opportunity recognition, expecting and embracing failure, and adapting to change.
Corporate Social Responsibility ist freiwillig, aber keineswegs beliebig. Um sich als CSR-Unternehmen zu qualifizieren, muss ein systematisches und geplantes Engagement als nachhaltiges Unternehmen nachgewiesen und auch dokumentiert werden. Dies wird auch für Unternehmen der Immobilienwirtschaft zunehmend wichtiger, weil die Anforderungen vonseiten der Stakeholder der Unternehmen wachsen. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die deutschen Immobilienunternehmen im internationalen Vergleich gut dastehen. Ihr Anteil an allen nach der Global Reporting Initiative berichtenden Immobilienunternehmen lag im Jahr 2012 bei 15 Prozent. Von den betrachteten 135 Unternehmen in Deutschland klassifiziert sich jedoch nur ein kleiner Teil als CSR-Unternehmen. Durch eine bessere Dokumentation des Engagements kann die Anzahl an Unternehmen rasch vergrößert werden.
Purpose – The aim of the study is to investigate the implementation of corporate sustainability (CS) in the German real estate sector.
Design/methodology/approach – The authors begin by outlining the framework set by the European Union and the German Federal Government for companies wanting to be classified as sustainable. After this, the relevance of sustainability for German real estate companies is discussed. Their empirical section contains an international comparison. Finally, they present an analysis checking the implementation of CS for the main 135 German real estate companies.
Findings – The present analysis shows that German real estate companies compare well with their international counterparts, in 2012 representing 15 per cent of all real estate firms reporting on the basis of the Global Reporting Initiative. However, of the 135 companies in Germany surveyed, only a small proportion classify themselves as CS and CSR (corporate social responsibility) enterprises. This number could be rapidly increased by better documentation of companies’ commitment to sustainability.
Practical implications – The study’s importance lies in the overview it provides of CS activities in the German real estate industry. In addition, it provides hints on how companies can improve their documentation to classify as CSR enterprises. Although the analysis concentrates on Germany, the results are also relevant for companies in other European countries.