572 Biochemie
Refine
H-BRS Bibliography
- yes (12)
Departments, institutes and facilities
Document Type
- Article (9)
- Part of a Book (2)
- Doctoral Thesis (1)
Language
- English (12)
Keywords
- angiogenesis (2)
- apoptosis (2)
- mesenchymal stem cells (2)
- AMT (1)
- Access regulation (1)
- Analytics (1)
- Anoplophora glabripennis (1)
- Anti-inflammatory effects (1)
- Antibiotics resistance (1)
- Beech wood (1)
Small Molecules Enhance Scaffold-Based Bone Grafts via Purinergic Receptor Signaling in Stem Cells
(2018)
The need for bone grafts is high, due to age-related diseases, such as tumor resections, but also accidents, risky sports, and military conflicts. The gold standard for bone grafting is the use of autografts from the iliac crest, but the limited amount of accessible material demands new sources of bone replacement. The use of mesenchymal stem cells or their descendant cells, namely osteoblast, the bone-building cells and endothelial cells for angiogenesis, combined with artificial scaffolds, is a new approach. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be obtained from the patient themselves, or from donors, as they barely cause an immune response in the recipient. However, MSCs never fully differentiate in vitro which might lead to unwanted effects in vivo. Interestingly, purinergic receptors can positively influence the differentiation of both osteoblasts and endothelial cells, using specific artificial ligands. An overview is given on purinergic receptor signaling in the most-needed cell types involved in bone metabolism-namely osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and endothelial cells. Furthermore, different types of scaffolds and their production methods will be elucidated. Finally, recent patents on scaffold materials, as wells as purinergic receptor-influencing molecules which might impact bone grafting, are discussed.
Bone tissue engineering is an ever-changing, rapidly evolving, and highly interdisciplinary field of study, where scientists try to mimic natural bone structure as closely as possible in order to facilitate bone healing. New insights from cell biology, specifically from mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and signaling, lead to new approaches in bone regeneration. Novel scaffold and drug release materials based on polysaccharides gain increasing attention due to their wide availability and good biocompatibility to be used as hydrogels and/or hybrid components for drug release and tissue engineering. This article reviews the current state of the art, recent developments, and future perspectives in polysaccharide-based systems used for bone regeneration.
The globalisation and the increasing international trade have raised the number and risk of introduction of foreign species and invasive pests for years. Although native species have adapted to the native habitat over many years and generations, invasive intruders often possess characteristics that are superior to native species. Thus, and because of a lack of natural enemies, they bear the potential of decimation or complete displacement of the native species; furthermore, the introduction of pathogens or nematodes as a vector possesses a high damage potential. The available measures of the local plant protection services to combat invasive species are confined. They are limited to the felling of infested trees or plants and regular controls within the infested area. A spread of single infestations can thereby be prevented, but undetected infestations can unimpededly spread, which points out the main challenge: the detection of the species. This concerns the infestation in open land as well as the single animal on its path of introduction. Concerning the development of new adequate detection systems for invasive species, there is only little research activity going on. For other fields like detection of explosives or narcotics, the research activities date back for more than one decade and consequently there are detection systems available, which are, for example, used for explosive detection in airports. The detection principle bases on the chemistry of these substances.
DT-13 attenuates inflammation by inhibiting NLRP3-inflammasome related genes in RAW264.7 macrophages
(2024)
Plant derived saponins or other glycosides are widely used for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-viral properties in therapeutic medicine. In this study, we focus on understanding the function of the less known steroidal saponin from the roots of Liriope muscari L. H. Bailey – saponin C (also known as DT-13) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in comparison to the well-known saponin ginsenoside Rk1 and anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone. We proved that DT-13 reduces LPS-induced inflammation by inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production, interleukin-6 (IL-6) release, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) translocation into the nucleus. It also inhibits the inflammasome component NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) regulating the inflammasome activation. This was supported by the significant inhibition of caspase-1 and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression and release. This study demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effect of saponins on LPS-stimulated macrophages. For the first time, an in vitro study shows the attenuating effect of DT-13 on NLRP3-inflammasome activation. In comparison to the existing anti-inflammatory drug, dexamethasone, and triterpenoid saponin Rk1, DT-13 more efficiently inhibits inflammation in the applied cell culture model. Therefore, DT-13 may serve as a lead compound for the development of new more effective anti-inflammatory drugs with minimised side effects.