650 Management und unterstützende Tätigkeiten
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Software offshoring has been established as an important business strategy over the last decade. While research on such forms of Global Software Development (GSD) has mainly focused on the situation of large enterprises, small enterprises are increasingly engaging in offshoring, too. Representing the biggest share of the German software industry, small companies are known to be important innovators and market pioneers. They often regard their flexibility and customer-orientation as core competitive advantages. Unlike large corporations, their small size allows them to adopt software development approaches that are characterized by a high agility and flat hierarchies. At the same time, their distinct strategies make it unlikely that they can simply adopt management strategies that were developed for larger companies.
Flexible development approaches like the ones preferred by small corporations have proven to be problematic in the context of offshoring, as their strong dependency on constant communication is strongly affected by the various barriers of international cooperation between companies. Cooperating closely over companies’ borders in different time zones and in culturally diverse teams poses complex obstacles for flexible management approaches. It is still a matter of discussion in fields like Software Engineering and Computer Supported Cooperative Work how these obstacles can be tackled and how they affect companies in the long term. Hence, it is agreed that we need a more detailed understanding of distributed software development practices in order to come to feasible technological and organizational solutions.
This dissertation presents results from two ethnographically-informed case studies of software offshoring in small German enterprises. By adopting Anselm Strauss’ concept of articulation work, we want to deepen the understanding of managing distributed software development in flexible, customer-oriented organizations. In doing so, we show how practices of coordinating inter-organizational software development are closely related to aspects of organizational learning in small enterprises. By means of interviews with developers and project managers from both parties of the cooperation, we do not only take into account the multiple perspectives of the cooperation, but also include the socio-cultural background of international software development projects into our analysis.
Neben der individuellen Bedeutung von Gesundheit für jeden Menschen, steigt auch die Relevanz von „gesunden Beschäftigten“. Gerade in Zeiten von Vollbeschäftigung, Fachkräftemangel und höherem Renteneintrittsalter, rückt die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten und die damit verbundene Arbeitsfähigkeit jedes Einzelnen stärker in den Fokus. Staat, Sozialversicherungsträger und Unternehmen sind zunehmend daran interessiert, Arbeitsplätze und Arbeitsbedingungen gesundheitsförderlich zu gestalten. Hierbei bildet die BGF den Rahmen für die existierenden gesundheitsförderlichen Interventionen, die in einer Vielzahl im betrieblichen Setting vorzufinden sind. Die Arbeitspause kann in diesem Kontext als geeignete Intervention angesehen werden, die jedoch sehr vielfältig in der Ausgestaltung sein kann.
Due to the popularity of the Internet and the networked services that it facilitates, networked devices have become increasingly common in both the workplace and everyday life in recent years—following the trail blazed by smartphones. The data provided by these devices allow for the creation of rich user profiles. As a result, the collection, processing and exchange of such personal data have become drivers of economic growth. History shows that the adoption of new technologies is likely to influence both individual and societal concepts of privacy. Research into privacy has therefore been confronted with continuously changing concepts due to technological progress. From a legal perspective, privacy laws that reflect social values are sought. Privacy enhancing technologies are developed or adapted to take account of technological development. Organizations must also identify protective measures that are effective in terms of scalability and automation. Similarly, research is being conducted from the perspective of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) to explore design spaces that empower individuals to manage their protection needs with regard to novel data, which they may perceive as sensitive. Taking such an HCI perspective with regard to understanding privacy management on the Internet of Things (IoT), this research mainly focuses on three interrelated goals across the fields of application: 1. Exploring and analyzing how people make sense of data, especially when managing privacy and data disclosure; 2. Identifying, framing and evaluating potential resources for designing sense-making processes; and 3. Exploring the fitness of the identified concepts for inclusion in legal and technical perspectives on supporting decisions regarding privacy on the IoT. Although this work's point of departure is the HCI perspective, it emphasizes the importance of the interrelationships among seemingly independent perspectives. Their interdependence is therefore also emphasized and taken into account by subscribing to a user-centered design process throughout this study. More specifically, this thesis adopts a design case study approach. This approach makes it possible to conduct full user-centered design lifecycles in a concrete application case with participants in the context of everyday life. Based on this approach, it was possible to investigate several domains of the IoT that are currently relevant, namely smart metering, smartphones, smart homes and connected cars. The results show that the participants were less concerned about (raw) data than about the information that could potentially be derived from it. Against the background of the constant collection of highly technical and abstract data, the content of which only becomes visible through the application of complex algorithms, this study indicates that people should learn to explore and understand these data flexibly, and provides insights in how to design for supporting this aim. From the point of view of design for usable privacy protection measures, the information that is provided to users about data disclosure should be focused on the consequences thereof for users' environments and life. A related concept from law is “informed consent,” which I propose should be further developed in order to implement usable mechanisms for individual privacy protection in the era of the IoT. Finally, this thesis demonstrates how research on HCI can be methodologically embedded in a regulative process that will inform both the development of technology and the drafting of legislation.