Internationales Zentrum für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (IZNE)
Refine
H-BRS Bibliography
- yes (195) (remove)
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Internationales Zentrum für Nachhaltige Entwicklung (IZNE) (195)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (75)
- Institut für Technik, Ressourcenschonung und Energieeffizienz (TREE) (51)
- Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften und Kommunikation (50)
- Fachbereich Sozialpolitik und Soziale Sicherung (7)
- Fachbereich Informatik (5)
- Graduierteninstitut (2)
- Institut für KI und Autonome Systeme (A2S) (1)
- Zentrum für Innovation und Entwicklung in der Lehre (ZIEL) (1)
Document Type
- Article (63)
- Conference Object (54)
- Working Paper (33)
- Part of a Book (20)
- Book (monograph, edited volume) (9)
- Report (6)
- Research Data (3)
- Doctoral Thesis (2)
- Preprint (2)
- Conference Proceedings (1)
Year of publication
Keywords
- Nachhaltigkeit (9)
- West Africa (7)
- Kenya (6)
- Corporate Social Responsibility (5)
- Ghana (4)
- Social Protection (4)
- Sustainability (4)
- biodiversity (4)
- energy meteorology (4)
- Global horizontal irradiance (3)
Nachhaltige und zukunftsfähige Mobilität in Städten kann langfristig nur durch die aktive Partizipation ihrer Bürger und Institutionen erreicht werden. Betriebliches Mobilitätsmanagement (BMM) kann dabei einen positiven Beitrag im Hinblick auf Umwelt, Gesundheit und Kosten leisten. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Wahrnehmung gesundheitlicher und finanzieller Wertschöpfungsaspekte des BMM. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts Betriebe lösen Verkehrsprobleme werden Mobilitätsverhalten und Maßnahmen der Betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BFG) in Bonner Betrieben untersucht. Folgenden Aspekten wird besondere Beachtung geschenkt: Bedeutung Betrieblicher Gesundheitsförderung in Bonner Betrieben, Mobilitätsverhalten von Arbeitnehmern auf dem Weg zur Dienststelle, Wahrnehmung eines unmittelbaren Zusammenhangs zwischen körperlicher Aktivität und Gesundheit bzw. krankheitsbedingter Kosten und Umsatzeinbußen durch Bewegungsmangel. Die Analyse resultiert auf der Basis einer schriftlichen Befragung von 178 Unternehmen, einer Online-Umfrage von 1.341 Mitarbeitern aus 14 Unternehmen sowie auf persönlichen Interviews mit 22 Betriebsleitern bzw. Mobilitäts- und Gesundheitsbeauftragten. Die Ergebnisse der Studie machen sowohl Handlungsbedarf als auch Optimierungspotentiale im Bereich BMM auf Betriebsseite deutlich. Kostensimulationen zeigen darüber hinaus auf, dass durch die Implementierung von BGF-Maßnahmen, explizit der Förderung von Bewegung, auf betriebs- und volkswirtschaftlicher Seite beachtliche Kosten im Gesundheitsbereich eingespart sowie höhere Gewinne im Unternehmen erzielt werden können.
Wirtschaft und Entwicklung: Die Bedeutung der Privatwirtschaft in der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit
(2013)
In January 2015, German trade and industry announced to support the national animal welfare initiative "Initiative Tierwohl" (ITW) which stands for a more sustainable and animal-friendly meat production. A web content analysis shows that the ITW initiative has been widely picked up and discussed by online media and that user comments are quite heterogeneous. The current study identifies different types of consumers through factor and cluster analysis and is based on an online survey as well as face-to-face interviews. According to our results, the identified consumer groups demonstrate a rather passive comment behaviour on the internet. In fact, the internet was hardly mentioned as an information source for meat production; consumers more frequently referred to brochures, leaflets and personal contacts with sales personnel.
Although much effort is made to prevent risks arising from food, food-borne diseases are an ever-present threat to the consumers’ health. The consumption of fresh food that is contaminated with pathogens like fungi, viruses or bacteria can cause food poisoning that leads to severe health damages or even death. The outbreak of Shiga Toxin-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) in Germany and neighbouring countries in 2011 has shown this dramatically. Nearly 4.000 people were reported of being affected and more than 50 people died during the so called EHEC-crisis. As a result the consumers’ trust in the safety of fruits and vegetables decreased sharply.
Seit Sokrates bildet die Frage „Was macht ein glückliches Leben aus?“ den Ausgangspunkt der Entwicklung einer Vielfalt von Wohlbefindenstheorien. Den Kern dieses Aufsatzes bildet die Erörterung der Fragen, inwieweit das Konzept der empirischen Lebenszufriedenheit und die dadurch gewonnenen Korrelate einen Beitrag zur Beantwortung dieser Frage leisten und ob diese Antworten eine Wohlbefindenstheorie begründen können, welche die philosophische Theorie mit empirischen Ergebnissen verknüpft.
Im Zentrum dieses Aufsatzes steht eine Diskussion der wichtigsten Wohlbefindenstheorien, ihrer Qualitäten, Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede. Einen Schwerpunkt bildet die Theorie der subjektiven Lebenszufriedenheit. Ich diskutiere Stärken und Schwächen des Konzeptes und stelle die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der empirischen Lebenszufriedenheitsforschung in einem Überblick dar.
Im Ergebnis argumentiere ich, dass die Resultate der empirischen Forschung als Grundlage einer subjektiv-objektiven Wohlbefindenstheorie dienen können. Qualitativ hochwertige zwischenmenschliche Beziehungen, ein gesunder Lebensstil, eine ausgewogene Work-Life-Balance, der Einsatz für Andere, das Verfolgen von Lebenszielen und persönlichen Interessen bilden die Grundlage einer Wohlbefindenstheorie, die sich auf empirische Lebenszufriedenheitsforschung stützt.
Im Rahmen eines Forschungsaufenthaltes an der Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) wurde in Kooperation mit der Fakultät für Veterinärwissenschaften und dem Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Wasserforschung (CETA) eine Befragung unter Studierenden und Mitarbeitenden (wissenschaftlichen und Verwaltungsmitarbeitern sowie Professoren) durchgeführt. Diese Befragung befasste sich inhaltlich mit Themen zur Einstellung argentinischer Konsumenten zu nachhaltigen und biologischen Lebensmitteln. Dabei spielte ebenfalls die Wahrnehmung dieser Lebensmittel anhand von Siegeln eine Rolle. Ferner wurden auch Fragen zum Bewusstsein für zertifizierte Produkte gestellt, das ein Präjudiz für ein spezifisches Einkaufsverhalten ist.
Das Forschungsprojekt beruht auf zwei Elementen: Die erste Untersuchung, ein Verhaltensexperiment mit 35 Studierenden der Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg, erforschte den Einfluss von Gruppengröße (Zuschauereffekt) und dargebotenen Informationen zu Verantwortungsdiffusion (Priming) auf nachhaltiges Verhalten. Mithilfe eines zweiten Online-Experiments folgte eine Erhebung zum Einfluss von wahrgenommener persönlicher Bedrohung auf die Bereitschaft zu nachhaltigem Verhalten (N = 72). Die Ergebnisse des ersten Experimentes zeigen einen schwachen, statistisch nicht signifikanten Einfluss der Gruppengröße sowie einen, z.T. statistisch signifikanten, Einfluss der dargebotenen Informationen zu Verantwortungsdiffusion auf das gemessene nachhaltige Verhalten. Bequemlichkeit sowie monetärer Aufwand stellen mit Abstand die größten Hindernisse für nachhaltiges Verhalten dar, während die Beeinflussung durch andere und das Ziel des Umweltschutzes als positive Argumente für nachhaltiges Verhalten genannt wurden. In der Folgestudie konnte ein statistisch signifikanter kausaler Zusammenhang zwischen der wahrgenommenen persönlichen Bedrohung durch die aktuelle Umwelt- und Klimasituation und der Bereitschaft zu nachhaltigem Verhalten nachgewiesen werden. Alle Resultate zu Verhaltensintentionen zeigten insgesamt eine hohe Bereitschaft der Probanden zu nachhaltigem Verhalten.
Verantwortliches Wirtschaften beschreibt die Betrachtung ökonomischer, ökologischer und sozialer Aspekte als ganzheitliches Konzept sowie deren Integration in die betriebswirtschaftliche Praxis mit dem Ziel, Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu erhalten und Unternehmensrisiken zu minimieren. Verantwortliches Wirtschaften steht zudem für die Verpflichtung eines Unternehmens gegenüber seinen Stakeholdern sowie seiner Verantwortung gegenüber der Gesellschaft.
Cultivation of perennials such as Miscanthus x giganteus Greef et Deuter (Mis) combines the provision of ecosystem services and the generation of additional carbon sources for farming. The potential of Mis based fertilisers, regarding immobilisation of inorganic nitrogen (N) and build-up of soil organic matter (SOM), was tested in a field trial. Therefore, a crop rotation of winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), mustard (Sinapis alba L.) as catch crop, sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was set up. The tested treatments were a mixture of Cattle Slurry (CS) and Mis, a mixture of CS and Wheat Straw (CS–WS), Cattle Manure (CM) from Mis shredded bedding, CM from WS shredded bedding, a pure CS, Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN) and a treatment without any N applied (NoN). When the carbon-rich fertilisers (both mixtures and manures) were applied to cereals, they led to a slight N immobilisation compared to pure CS, whereas differences were mostly not significant. Furthermore, Mis fertilisers were at least as efficient as WS-based organic fertilisers in inducing a contribution of SOM build-up and in reducing inorganic N before winter and thus preventing N losses, whereas differences were mostly not significant.
Green infrastructure has been widely recognized for the benefits to human health and biodiversity conservation. However, knowledge of the qualities and requirements of such spaces and structures for the effective delivery of the range of ecosystem services expected is still limited, as well as the identification of trade-offs between services. In this study, we apply the One Health approach in the context of green spaces to investigate how urban park characteristics affect human mental health and wildlife support outcomes and identify synergies and trade-offs between these dimensions. Here we show that perceived restorativeness of park users varies significantly across sites and is mainly affected by safety and naturalness perceptions. In turn, these perceptions are driven by objective indicators of quality, such as maintenance of facilities and vegetation structure, and subjective estimations of biodiversity levels. The presence of water bodies benefited both mental health and wildlife. However, high tree canopy coverage provided greater restoration potential whereas a certain level of habitat heterogeneity was important to support a wider range of bird species requirements. To reconcile human and wildlife needs in green spaces, cities should strategically implement a heterogeneous green infrastructure network that considers trade-offs and maximizes synergies between these dimensions.
Agricultural activities within the city boundaries have a long history in both developed and developing countries. Especially in developing countries these activities contribute to food security and the mitigation of malnutrition (food grown for home consumption). They generate additional income and contribute to recreation, environmental health as well as social interaction. In this paper, a broad approach of Urban AgriCulture is used, which includes the production of crops in urban and peri-urban areas and ranges in developed countries from allotment gardens (Schrebergarten) over community gardens (Urban Gardening) to semi-entrepreneurial self-harvest farms and fully commercialized agriculture (Urban Farming). Citizens seek to make a shift from traditional to new (sustainable) forms of food supply. From this evolves a demand for urban spaces that can be used agriculturally. The way how these citizens’ initiatives can be supported and their contribution to a resilient and sustainable urban food system increasingly attracts attention. This paper presents an empirical case study on Urban AgriCulture initiatives in the Bonn-Rhein-Sieg region (Germany). Urban AgriCulture is still a niche movement with the potential to contribute more significantly to urban development and constitute a pillar of urban quality of life.
Agricultural activities within city boundaries have a long history in both developed and developing countries. In this paper, a broad approach to Urban AgriCulture (UAC) is used, one that includes the production of crops in urban and peri-urban areas and ranges in developed countries from allotment gardens over community gardens to semi-entrepreneurial self-harvest farms and fully commercialized agriculture. With an empirical case study on UAC Initiatives in the Bonn/Rhein-Sieg region this work fills a gap since the lack of comprehensive and comparative studies on urban agriculture (UA) currently makes it difficult for researchers to identify the benefits of UA activities.
Political economic analyses of recent social protection reforms in Asian, African or Latin American countries have increased throughout the last few years. Yet, most contributions focus on one social protection mechanism only and do not provide a comparative approach across policy areas. In addition, most studies are empirical studies, with no or very limited theoretical linkages. The paper aims to explain multiple trajectories of social protection reform processes looking at cash transfers and social health protection policies in Kenya. It develops a taxonomy and suggest a conceptual framework to assess and explain reform dynamics across different social protection pillars. In order to allow for a more differentiated typology and enable us to understand different reform dynamics, the article uses the approach on gradual institutional change. While existing approaches to institutional change mostly focus on institutional change prompted by exogenous shocks or environmental shifts, this approach takes account of both, exogenous and endogenous sources of change.
Over the past two decades many governments of low and middle income countries have started to introduce social protection measures or to extend the coverage and improve the functioning of public social protection systems. These reforms are a "global phenomenon" and can be observed in many African, Asian and Latin American countries. This paper focuses on international determinants for policy change within social protection by assessing the state of the art of both policy diffusion and policy transfer studies. Empirical studies of policy transfer and diffusion in the field of social protection are furthermore assessed in light of the theoretical background.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the start-up scene in sub-Saharan Africa. "Silicon Savannah" is today widely used to describe the thriving IT industry in and around Nairobi. Kenya's geographical advantage, its favorable economic reforms, and mature start-up ecosystem makes it stands out positively. Since a lot of hype exists around the start-up scene many investors are drawn to it, but in reality very few start-ups are investment-ready. The increasing start-up requirements and needs force incubators to diversify their offer. In contrast, to traditional incubators, an Innovation Hub (Hub) is characterized based on the concept of open innovation and collaboration. A Hub nurtures an enabling environment where a community of entrepreneurs can grow. At the same time, it serves as a nexus point for the local start-up community, investors, academia, technology companies and the wider private sector. It aims to create a structure where people serendipitously interact with others that they would not typically meet. Considering the great interest for and the large amounts of money invested in Hubs by governments, universities, private companies and other interested parties, not only researchers have been raising the question of the actual benefit of Hubs. This research study aims to investigate to what extent the support offered by the Hubs is tackling the challenges faced by start-ups in Nairobi, Kenya. The analysis can serve as a basis for identifying strength and weaknesses in the Hub models.
The Poverty Reduction Effect of Social Protection: The Pros and Cons of a Multidisciplinary Approach
(2022)
There is a growing body of knowledge on the complex effects of social protection on poverty in Africa. This article explores the pros and cons of a multidisciplinary approach to studying social protection policies. Our research aimed at studying the interaction between cash transfers and social health protection policies in terms of their impact on inclusive growth in Ghana and Kenya. Also, it explored the policy reform context over time to unravel programme dynamics and outcomes. The analysis combined econometric and qualitative impact assessments with national- and local-level political economic analyses. In particular, dynamic effects and improved understanding of processes are well captured by this approach, thus, pushing the understanding of implementation challenges over and beyond a ‘technological fix,’ as has been argued before by Niño-Zarazúa et al. (World Dev 40:163–176, 2012), However, multidisciplinary research puts considerable demands on data and data handling. Finally, some poverty reduction effects play out over a longer time, requiring longitudinal consistent data that is still scarce.
The article contributes to understanding the political economy of implementation of social protection programmes at local level. Current debates are dominated by technocratic arguments, emphasizing the lack of financial resources, technology or skills as major barriers for effective implementation. Describing how chiefs, assistant-chiefs and community elders are routinely at the centre stage of core implementation processes, including targeting, enrolment, delivery, monitoring, awareness and information, data collection or grievance and redress, this study on Kenya argues for the need to look more closely into the local political economy as an important mediating arena for implementing social policies. Implementation is heavily contingent upon the local social, political and institutional context that influences and shapes its outcomes. These processes are ambivalent involving multiple forms of interactions between ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ institutional structures, which may support initial policy objectives or induce policy outcomes substantially diverging from intended policy objectives.
The paper contributes to the debate on the political economy of implementation of propoor social policy. It argues for a broadening of the debate, which is dominated by technocratic arguments, emphasizing the lack of financial resources, technology or skills as the major barriers for effective implementation. Describing the dynamic interplay of ‘formal’ operational programme structures and ‘informal’ traditional institutions in delivering the CT-OVC – the largest and oldest cash transfer programme in Kenya – it argues for the need to look more closely into the local political economy as an important mediating arena for implementing social policies. Implementation is heavily contingent upon the local social, political and institutional context that influences and shapes its outcomes. These processes are highly dynamic and ambivalent evolving between ‘formal’ and ‘informal’ structures and institutions. They may change over time and place, challenging the implicit assumption that programmes are evenly implemented across geographic and political entities.
In the last two decades, studies that analyse the political economy of sustainable energy transitions have increasingly become available. Yet very few attempts have been made to synthesize the factors discussed in the growing literature. This paper reviews the extant empirical literature on the political economy of sustainable energy transitions. Using a well-defined search strategy, a total of 36 empirical contributions covering the period 2008 to 2022 are reviewed full text. Overall, the findings highlight the role of vested interest, advocacy coalitions and green constituencies, path dependency, external shocks, policy and institutional environment, political institutions and fossil fuel resource endowments as major political economy factors influencing sustainable energy transitions across both high income countries, and low and middle income countries. In addition, the paper highlights and discusses some critical knowledge gaps in the existing literature and provides suggestions for a future research agenda.