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In the context of the Franco-German research project Re(h)strain, this work focuses on a global system analysis integrating both safety and security analysis of international and/or urban railway stations. The Re(h)strain project focuses on terrorist attacks on high speed train systems and investigates prevention and mitigation measures to reduce the overall vulnerability and strengthen the system resilience. One main criterion regarding public transport issues is the number of passengers. For example, the railway station of Paris “Gare du Nord” deals with a bigger number of passengers than the biggest airport in the world (SNCF open Data 2014), the Atlanta airport, but in terms of passengers, it is only around the 23rd rank railway station in the world. Due to the enormous mass of people, this leads to the system approach of breaking out the station into several classes of zones, e.g. entrance, main hall, quays, trains, etc. All classes are analysed considering state-of-the-art parameters, like targets attractiveness, feasibility of attack, possible damage, possible mitigation and defences. Then, safety incidence of security defence is discussed in order to refine security requirement with regard to the considered zone. Finally, global requirements of security defence correlated to the corresponding class of zones are proposed.
The proper use of protective hoods on panel saws should reliably prevent severe injuries from (hand) contact with the blade or material kickbacks. It also should minimize long-term lung damages from fine-particle pollution. To achieve both purposes the hood must be adjusted properly by the operator for each workpiece to fit its height. After a work process is finished, the hood must be lowered down completely to the bench. Unfortunately, in practice the protective hood is fixed at a high position for most of the work time and herein loses its safety features. A system for an automatic height adjustment of the hood would increase comfort and safety. If the system can distinguish between workpieces and skin reliably, it furthermore will reduce occupational hazards for panel saw users. A functional demonstrator of such a system has been designed and implemented to show the feasibility of this approach. A specific optical sensor system is used to observe a point on the extended cut axis in front of the blade. The sensor determines the surface material reliably and measures the distance to the workpiece surface simultaneously. If the distance changes because of a workpiece fed to the machine, the control unit will set the motor-adjusted hood to the correct height. If the sensor detects skin, the hood will not be moved. In addition a camera observes the area under the hood. If there are no workpieces or offcuts left under the hood, it will be lowered back to the default position.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein neuartiges Verfahren zur Echtzeitüberwachung von Laserbohrprozessen vorgestellt. Die Untersuchungen werden an unterschiedlichen Materialien unter Einsatz eines passiv-gütegeschalteten Nd:YAG Lasers durchgeführt. Prozessbegleitend findet eine Aufzeichnung der akustischen Emissionen mit anschließender Analyse durch schnelle Fourier-Transformation statt. Hierdurch lassen sich der Durchbruch beim Bohren durch ein Material sowie der Materialübergang mehrschichtiger Systeme detektieren. Die akustischen Messungen werden durchAuswertung der Pulsfolge des Lasers mittels einer Fotodiode gestützt. Hierbei zeigt sich eine gute Übereinstimmung der im akustischen Spektrum dominanten Frequenz mit der jeweils im Laserburstauftretenden Pulsfrequenz. Das vorgestellte Verfahren ermöglicht eine Echtzeitüberwachung beim Laserbohren mittels kostengünstiger und einfacher Hardware. Zudem zeichnet es sich im Gegensatz zu bestehenden Verfahren durch eine hohe Robustheit gegen äußere Störeinflüsse aus, da eine frequenzbasierte Auswertung stattfindet.