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Die soziale Netzwerkanalyse versucht menschliche Interaktion in einen analytischen und auswertbaren Zusammenhang zu bringen. Sie hat sich als Methode in den letzten Jahrzehnten über die Sozialwissenschaften hinaus in die Geschichtswissenschaften, Archäologie und Religionswissenschaften verbreitet. Dabei fanden verschiedene Paradigmenwechsel statt, zum Beispiel vom statischen Netzwerken mit dem Schwerpunkt auf quantitativ-struktureller Analyse hin zu heterogenen Handlungsnetzwerken wie zum Beispiel in der der Actor Network Theory (ANT) gewandelt. Der Fokus liegt aktuell eher auf der Frage des Informationsaustauschs und der Dynamik nicht statischer Netzwerke.
This paper gives an overview of how we can benefit from using container technology in our academic work. It aims to be a starting point for fellow researchers which also think about applying these technologies. Hence, we focus on decribing our own experiences and motivations instead of proving hard scientific facts.
Open-Source Software spielt sowohl zur Ausgestaltung von Lehr- und Lernszenarien (bspw. Organisation mit Editoren und Groupware, Kollaboration und Kommunikation via Chats und Webblogs), als auch für die Umsetzung von Forschunsprojekten (zum Beispiel Auswertung großer Datenbestände, Erprobung realer Situationen in vituellen Laboren, Evaluation neuer Oberflächenentwicklungen) eine wichtige Rolle. Um eine bestmögliche Passung der Software herzustellen, erfolgt Softwareentwicklung im Hochschulbereich entweder forschungsprojektbezogen oder Disziplin- und Einrichtungsübergreifend.
Das Kernanliegen des Datenschutzes ist es, natürliche Personen vor nachteiligen Effekten der Speicherung und Verarbeitung der sie betreffenden Daten zu schützen. Aber viele Personen scheinen gar nicht geschützt werden zu wollen. Im Gegenteil, viele Endanwender willigen “freiwillig“ – bewusst oder unbewusst – in eine umfassende Verarbeitung ihrer personenbezogenen Daten ein. Warum tun Menschen dies? Es werden verschiedene Ursachen diskutiert (beispielsweise in [79]), hierzu gehören Uninformiertheit, mangelnde Sensibilität, das Gefühl der Hilflosigkeit, mangelnde Zahlungsbereitschaft und mangelnde Alternativen. Auch wenn dies in Einzelfällen zutrifft, so gibt es oft sehr wohl datenschutzfreundliche Alternativen. Beispielsweise existiert zu WhatsApp (als Instant Messaging App) die Alternative Threema. Threema gilt als EU-DS-GVO-konform und funktional durchaus mit WhatsApp vergleichbar [62]. Allerdings ist inzwischen die aktuelle Netzwerkgröße ein entscheidendes Auswahlkriterium: Im Januar 2018 hatte Threema 4,5 Millionen Nutzer [172], WhatsApp dagegen 1,5 Milliarden [171]. Dies ist ein Indiz dafür, dass WhatsApp sich quasi zum De-facto-Standard entwickelt hat und es für die einzelne Person nur schwer möglich ist, viele andere “zum Wechsel auf ein anderes Produkt zu bewegen. [. . . ] Bei Diensten mit Nutzerzahlen im Milliardenbereich kann von ’Freiwilligkeit’ nur noch bedingt gesprochen werden.“ [9]
Experience made with free and open source software (FOSS) in the public research is shared with the community. The motivation for using and publishing FOSS is to increase visibility, transparancy and feedback quality while at the same time lowering software licensing costs. Also, the idea of giving back and returning a value plays a role. The most frequently given counter arguments are discussed. In the end, it’s important to embed FOSS publishing into the company’s strategy for the exploitation of scientific research results. To help with this, a checklist of criteria to indicate FOSS publishing is suggested. On the backround of wireless sensor networks, some case studies of FOSS contribution are detailed. The emphasis is on checking the original motivation and the spirit of FOSS back with the reality. Finally, further potential of publishing FOSS in the context of scientific research is identified.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide [183], with lung tumors being the most frequent cause of cancer deaths in men as well as one of the most common cancers diagnosed in woman [40]. As symptoms often arise in advanced stages, an early diagnosis is especially important to ensure the best and earliest possible treatment. In order to achieve this, Computed Tomography (CT) scans are frequently used for tumor detection and diagnosis. We will present examples of publicly available CT image data of lung cancer patients and discuss possible methods to realize an automatic system for automated cancer diagnosis. We will also look at the recent SPIE-AAPM Lung CT Challenge [10] data set in detail and describe possible methods and challenges for image segmentation and classification based on this data set.
One of the biggest challenges faced by many tech start-ups from developed markets is to have validated market-fit products/services and to see their solutions implemented. In several sectors, stringent regulations, and the law of handicap of head start at home can be hurdles that limit the development and even the survival potential of theses start-ups. Tech start-ups seeking implementation, learning, and legitimacy may have a solution in expanding into emerging markets. Emerging markets offer both business opportunities in sectors in need of new technologies as they are “fertile grounds” for developing and testing internationalisation business models. We present here a process designed to help tech start-ups to identify, access, shape and seize these opportunities and to overcome their own specificities and emerging markets specificities. The three phases of the proposed process cover entry node concept, partnership, and business, operating and revenue joint models’ development. DesignScience Research Paradigm is used for the design and evaluation of the process. To show the relevance of this process, a case study on the expansion in Morocco of a Dutch start-up active in e-health is used. The study shows the importance of the process for the embeddedness in a local relevant value network with a relevant adopter’s system, a key enabler to achieve time and cost-effective expansion in that specific business and institutional contexts. A pilot to assess the proposed models and evidence of benefits is under development. To boost their chances of growth tech start-ups from developed markets should consider expansion into emerging markets in their strategy. It would be beneficial that policy makers adopt a strategy by which to assist tech start-ups in accessing value networks in emerging markets. It is also important for policy makers from emerging markets to consider developing schemes to attract tech start-ups from developed markets.
Research on entrepreneurial eco-systems is evolving with exhortations for empirical studies at regional and local levels to augment national surveys. The study, therefore, sought to explore the entrepreneurial eco-system of the Central Region, which is relatively well-endowed with natural resources but lags behind in economic advancement in Ghana. Through descriptive research design, quantitative data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from a convenience sample of 44 entrepreneurs under the presidential business support programme in the Central Region of Ghana, in 2019. Data were analysed, by conducting descriptive analysis such as means (M) and percentages and by exploratory factor analysis, with the IBM SPSS Version 25. Descriptive results of 37 valid responses showed that the respondents were satisfied, in varying degrees (M = 4.19-5.65), with 11 factors within the eco-system; the top three factors were demand, security and availability of raw materials. Respondents were, however, not satisfied with access to business development services, access to finance, rent charges and access to repairers of equipment and thus, pose as challenges to their entrepreneurial pursuits. Principal component analysis revealed inter-connectedness among the factors in the eco-system with strong loadings of measures of institutions and resource endowment under the two components of the solution. Based on the findings, it is concluded that the entrepreneurs surveyed were satisfied with more factors in the EES of the Central Region while they were dissatisfied with relatively few but critical factors in the EES, thereby posing as major challenges to their entrepreneurial activities. As an exploratory study, the findings suggest that the entrepreneurial eco-system of the Central Region of Ghana is, to some extent, supportive of entrepreneurial activities but has key challenges. To achieve maximum outcomes, policy interventions should collectively address, at a time, factors that interact strongly to influence entrepreneurship within the system.