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"Innovation Journalism ist die Politikberichterstattung der Zukunft" Interview mit David Nordfors
(2011)
Earth’s nearest candidate supermassive black hole lies at the centre of the Milky Way1. Its electromagnetic emission is thought to be powered by radiatively inefficient accretion of gas from its environment2, which is a standard mode of energy supply for most galactic nuclei. X-ray measurements have already resolved a tenuous hot gas component from which the black hole can be fed3. The magnetization of the gas, however, which is a crucial parameter determining the structure of the accretion flow, remains unknown. Strong magnetic fields can influence the dynamics of accretion, remove angular momentum from the infalling gas4, expel matter through relativistic jets5 and lead to synchrotron emission such as that previously observed6, 7, 8. Here we report multi-frequency radio measurements of a newly discovered pulsar close to the Galactic Centre9, 10, 11, 12 and show that the pulsar’s unusually large Faraday rotation (the rotation of the plane of polarization of the emission in the presence of an external magnetic field) indicates that there is a dynamically important magnetic field near the black hole. If this field is accreted down to the event horizon it provides enough magnetic flux to explain the observed emission—from radio to X-ray wavelengths—from the black hole.
Herein we report an update to ACPYPE, a Python3 tool that now properly converts AMBER to GROMACS topologies for force fields that utilize nondefault and nonuniform 1–4 electrostatic and nonbonded scaling factors or negative dihedral force constants. Prior to this work, ACPYPE only converted AMBER topologies that used uniform, default 1–4 scaling factors and positive dihedral force constants. We demonstrate that the updated ACPYPE accurately transfers the GLYCAM06 force field from AMBER to GROMACS topology files, which employs non-uniform 1–4 scaling factors as well as negative dihedral force constants. Validation was performed using β-d-GlcNAc through gas-phase analysis of dihedral energy curves and probability density functions. The updated ACPYPE retains all of its original functionality, but now allows the simulation of complex glycomolecular systems in GROMACS using AMBER-originated force fields. ACPYPE is available for download at https://github.com/alanwilter/acpype.
The introduction of new steering conceptsSteer-by-Wire (SBW) gives possibility to replace theconventional steering wheel by an alternative userinterface such as a sidestick. In SBW system the sidestickcan be used as user input element instead of a steeringwheel. The implementation of sidestick in the Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) allows combiningthe conventional steering consisting of a steeringwheel, an accelerator and a brake pedal into a singleelement. Also the implementation of the sidestickcreates new, interesting and flexible design optionswhich can be used to transform the driver’s spatialenvironment. This article describes an active sidestickfor a vehicle which has been developed, integrated andtested in accordance of haptic, ergonomic and safetyrelevant requirements. The control strategies used forthe active attenuators of the sidestick have beeninvestigated and optimised using a Simulink model.
Seit vielen Jahren ist der Übergang von der Schule zur Hochschule eines der zentralen Themen für didaktische Theorien, empirische Untersuchungen und bildungspolitische Diskussionen. Ein dabei identifiziertes großes Problem vieler Studierender ist, dass mit dem Abitur „eine Lebensphase mit meist klar definierten Zielen in überschaubaren räumlichen, familiären und schulischen Strukturen endet“.1) Entscheidet man sich als Studierender gegen die nicht akademische Laufbahn und nimmt ein Hochschulstudium auf, trifft man auf Studienstrukturen und -bedingungen, die einem fremd und chaotisch vorkommen können. Der Weg an die Hochschulen ermöglicht den Individuen eine Reihe von Optionen, ist aber leider auch immer mit Risiken und Unsicherheiten behaftet. Entscheidungen müssen nun selbstständig vorbereitet und getroffen werden und dies in einem Umfeld, das sehr unterschiedlich im Vergleich zur bekannten Schulstruktur sein kann.
Dem RTPM (Real-Time Performance Monitoring) wurde in den letzten Jahren in der Automatisierungstechnik immer mehr Beachtung geschenkt. Drei ausgewählte Aspekte des RPTM werden behandelt: Alarmanalyse, Reglerperformance und Stelleinrichtungen. Die Reduktion von Alarmmeldungen mit Hilfe einer Alarmanalyse wird mit Hilfe von Beispielen aus der Industrie veranschaulicht. Ziel einer Analyse ist die Identifikation von (1) falschen Alarmgrenzen, (2) Reglern, bei denen Störungen im Handbetrieb ausgeregelt werden, (3) Reglern, bei denen Betriebspunktänderungen im Handbetrieb ausgeführt werden, (4) Reglern mit Stellgrößen bei 0% oder 100%, (5) falschen Reglerparametern sowie (6) Fehlern in der Messtechnik, Antrieben, Klappen oder Ventilen. Die industrielle Anwendung der Überwachung der Reglerperformance wird anhand des in das Prozessautomatisierungssystem DeltaV von Emerson Process Management integrierten Softwareproduktes DeltaV Inspect erläutert. DeltaV überwacht und bewertet (1) die Bereichsüberschreitungen der Regelgrößen und der Stellsignale, (2) die Betriebsarten (Hand oder Automatik) und (3) die Regelungsgüte. Die Regelungsgüte wird bei einem konstanten Sollwert und stochastischen Störungen aus dem Unterschied zwischen der tatsächlichen und der theoretisch erreichbaren Varianz des Regelfehlers berechnet. Anstelle einer Korrelations- bzw. Regressionsanalyse wird die theoretisch erreichbare minimale Varianz aus der aktuellen Varianz des Regelfehlers und der Varianz der Abweichung der aufeinander folgenden Regelfehlerabtastwerte berechnet.