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Using a life-cycle approach, we identify key gaps for social reform in Georgia. The reduction of informal work is the most pressing of these, since formal employment is the backbone of any robust and reliable social insurance scheme. At the same time, greater financial resources are required through taxation in order to enable systematic social reform in Georgia. Both interventions are needed in order to fill the gaps in the current social protection system, which include the limited scope of pension and health insurance, as well as the lack of permanent unemployment insurance and universal child benefits.
Against the background of Germany’s long experience with social protection, we outline the main principles of the German welfare state and present the design of three main social insurance branches (pensions, health and unemployment). Based on the mixed experience that has emerged in Germany, in particular due to path dependencies and political deadlock, we derive lessons that inform a clear and coherent vision for social reform in Georgia.
Social protection has been increasingly recognized by experts from different fields as a key instrument for social, economic, political, and environmental development. It is also known for tackling multiple goals related to the reduction of risk, poverty and inequality at once. Yet, its instruments are often seen in isolation, programmes are still managed in silos and the systemic aspect is often overlooked. Engaging in critical discussions about the systemic aspect of social protection and outlining what it really takes to pursue a systemic approach has motivated the two editors, Prof. Dr. Esther Schüring from H-BRS and Dr. Markus Loewe from the German Institute of Development and Sustainability (IDOS) to launch the very first Handbook on Social Protection Systems in late 2021.