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This paper addresses the urgent need for international standardization of Context Metadata for e-Learning environments. In particular, E-Learning when distributed over the Internet, can synchronously and asynchronously reach a huge number of learners but also has to deal with a variety of different cultures and societies and the related complications. A lot of the differences strongly demand adaptation processes in which especially the contents are being modified to fit the needs in the targeted contexts. In our approach solving this task, we determined a list of around 160 significant possible differences and defined those as context metadata. In this paper, we show the results of our research regarding to the determination of context related influence factors as well as approaches to deal with them and present a first specification of the representing context-metadata.
This paper addresses the problem of adaptation of E-Learning to a given or proposed context. Current learning technology standards are available for various purposes, such as contents, learner profiles or learning activities, but there are no specifications to describe the context of learning scenarios. Such a description is crucial to identify change-requirements or to compare situations when learning scenarios are re-used. In this paper, we define a specification of context metadata. We show how they can be used to adapt learning scenarios from a given to a new context, in particular to identify change requirements for the internationalization of learning scenarios.
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have traditionally been used on numerous machines for control of the various processing and manufacturing steps. In response to an initiative by the Expert Committee Chemical Industry (FA CH), suitable metrics have been defined in order to permit rapid static analysis of comprehensive PLC programs. A tool was developed for this purpose which is also able to determine quality criteria. Additional to seven of the new metrics five metrics derived from Halstead and McCabe are used to determine the quality-criteria: testability, self-description, legibility and simplicity. New concepts were developed to determine and to calculate these criteria. The results are documented in hyper-language files with links to the called modules and control-graphs for each function. The tool was validated by three voluminous PLC-programs, two are from industrial projects.