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XML Encryption and XML Signature are fundamental security standards forming the core for many applications which require to process XML-based data. Due to the increased usage of XML in distributed systems and platforms such as in SOA and Cloud settings, the demand for robust and effective security mechanisms increased as well. Recent research work discovered, however, substantial vulnerabilities in these standards as well as in the vast majority of the available implementations. Amongst them, the so-called XML Signature Wrapping attack belongs to the most relevant ones. With the many possible instances of this attack type, it is feasible to annul security systems relying on XML Signature and to gain access to protected resources as has been successfully demonstrated lately for various Cloud infrastructures and services. This paper contributes a comprehensive approach to robust and effective XML Signatures for SOAP-based Web Services. An architecture is proposed, which integrates the r equired enhancements to ensure a fail-safe and robust signature generation and verification. Following this architecture, a hardened XML Signature library has been implemented. The obtained evaluation results show that the developed concept and library provide the targeted robustness against all kinds of known XML Signature Wrapping attacks. Furthermore the empirical results underline, that these security merits are obtained at low efficiency and performance costs as well as remain compliant with the underlying standards.
XML Signature Wrapping (XSW) has been a relevant threat to web services for 15 years until today. Using the Personal Health Record (PHR), which is currently under development in Germany, we investigate a current SOAP-based web services system as a case study. In doing so, we highlight several deficiencies in defending against XSW. Using this real-world contemporary example as motivation, we introduce a guideline for more secure XML signature processing that provides practitioners with easier access to the effective countermeasures identified in the current state of research.
Routing Attacks are a serious threat to communication in tactical MANETs. TOGBAD is a centralised approach, using topology graphs to detect such attacks. In this paper, we present TOGBAD's newly added wormhole detection capability. It is an adaptation of a wormhole detection method developed by Hu et al. This method is based on nodes' positions. We adapted it to the specific properties of tactical environments. Furthermore, we present simulation results which show TOGBAD's performance regarding the detection of wormhole attacks.
In education, finding the appropriate learning pace that fits to the members of a large group is a challenging task. This becomes especially evident when teaching multidisciplinary subjects such as epidemiology in medicine or computer science in most study programs, since lecturers have to face a very heterogeneous state of previous knowledge. Approaching this issue requires an individual supervision of each and every student, which is obviously bounded by the available resources. Moreover, when referring back to the second example, writing computer programs requires a complex installation and configuration of development tools. Many beginning programmers already become stuck at this entry stage. This paper introduces WHELP, a Web-based Holistic E-Learning Platform, which provides an integrated environment enabling the learning and teaching of computer science topics without the need to install any software. Moreover, WHELP includes an interactive feedback system for each programming exercise, where lecturers or tutors can supply comments, improvements, code assistance or tips helping the students to accomplish their tasks. Furthermore, WHELP offers a statistical analysis module as well as a real-time classroom polling system both promoting an overview of the state of knowledge of a course. In addition to that, WHELP enables collaborative working including code-sharing and peer-to-peer learning. This feature enables students to work on exercises simultaneously at distinct places. WHELP has been successfully deployed in the winter term 2013 at the Cologne University of Applied Sciences supporting the 120 students and 3 lecturers to learn and teach basic topics of computer science in an engineering study program.
Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to strengthen password-based authentication rather than replacing it. RBA does this by monitoring and recording additional features during the login process. If feature values at login time differ significantly from those observed before, RBA requests an additional proof of identification. Although RBA is recommended in the NIST digital identity guidelines, it has so far been used almost exclusively by major online services. This is partly due to a lack of open knowledge and implementations that would allow any service provider to roll out RBA protection to its users.
To close this gap, we provide a first in-depth analysis of RBA characteristics in a practical deployment. We observed N=780 users with 247 unique features on a real-world online service for over 1.8 years. Based on our collected data set, we provide (i) a behavior analysis of two RBA implementations that were apparently used by major online services in the wild, (ii) a benchmark of the features to extract a subset that is most suitable for RBA use, (iii) a new feature that has not been used in RBA before, and (iv) factors which have a significant effect on RBA performance. Our results show that RBA needs to be carefully tailored to each online service, as even small configuration adjustments can greatly impact RBA's security and usability properties. We provide insights on the selection of features, their weightings, and the risk classification in order to benefit from RBA after a minimum number of login attempts.
Software development is a complex task. Merely focussing on functional requirements is not sufficient any more. Developers are responsible to take many non-functional requirements carefully into account. Security is amongst the most challenging, as getting it wrong will result in a large user-base being potentially at risk. A similar situation exists for administrators. Security defaults have been put into place here to encounter lacking security controls. As first attempts to establish security by default in software development are flourishing, the question on their usability for developers arises.
In this paper we study the effectiveness and efficiency of Content Security Policy (CSP) enforced as security default in a web framework. When deployed correctly, CSP is a valid protection mean in a defence-in-depth strategy against code injection attacks. In this paper we present a first qualitative laboratory study with 30 participants to discover how developers deal with CSP when deployed as security default. Our results emphasize that the deployment as security default has its benefits but requires careful consideration of a comprehensive information flow in order to improve and not weaken security. We provide first insights to inform research about aiding developers in the creation of secure web applications with usable security by default.
Risk-based authentication (RBA) is an adaptive security measure to strengthen password-based authentication against account takeover attacks. Our study on 65 participants shows that users find RBA more usable than two-factor authentication equivalents and more secure than password-only authentication. We identify pitfalls and provide guidelines for putting RBA into practice.
The Fifth International Conference on Advances in Vehicular Systems, Technologies and Applications (VEHICULAR 2016), held between November 13-17, 2016 - Barcelona, Spain, continued the inaugural event considering the state-of-the-art technologies for information dissemination in vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure and focusing on advances in vehicular systems, technologies and applications.
This paper gives necessary foundations to understand the mechanism of warning processing and summarizes the state of the art in warning development. That includes a description of tools, researchers use to work in this scientific field. In detail these are models that describes the human way of processing warnings and mental models. Both are presented detailed with relevant examples. The paper tells how these tools are connected and how they are used to improve the effectiveness of warnings.
Risikobasierte Authentifizierung (RBA) ist ein adaptiver Ansatz zur Stärkung der Passwortauthentifizierung. Er überwacht eine Reihe von Merkmalen, die sich auf das Loginverhalten während der Passworteingabe beziehen. Wenn sich die beobachteten Merkmalswerte signifikant von denen früherer Logins unterscheiden, fordert RBA zusätzliche Identitätsnachweise an. Regierungsbehörden und ein Erlass des US-Präsidenten empfehlen RBA, um Onlineaccounts vor Angriffen mit gestohlenen Passwörtern zu schützen. Trotz dieser Tatsachen litt RBA unter einem Mangel an offenem Wissen. Es gab nur wenige bis keine Untersuchungen über die Usability, Sicherheit und Privatsphäre von RBA. Das Verständnis dieser Aspekte ist jedoch wichtig für eine breite Akzeptanz.
Diese Arbeit soll ein umfassendes Verständnis von RBA mit einer Reihe von Studien vermitteln. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen es, datenschutzfreundliche RBA-Lösungen zu schaffen, die die Authentifizierung stärken bei gleichzeitig hoher Menschenakzeptanz.