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In order to help journalists investigate inside large audiovisual archives, as maintained by news broadcast agencies, the multimedia data must be indexed by text-based search engies. By automatically creating a transcript through automatic speech recognition (ASR), the spoken word becomes accessible to text search, and queries for keywords are made possible. But stil, important contextual information like the identity of the speaker is not captured. Especially when gathering original footage in the political domain, the identity of the speaker can be the most important query constraint, although this name may not be prominent in the words spoken. It is thus desireable to have this information provided explicitely to the search engine. To provide this information, the archive must be an alyzed by automatic Speaker Identification (SID). While this research topic has seen substantial gains in accuracy and robustness over last years, it has not yet established itself as a helpful, large-scale tool outside the research community. This thesis sets out to establish a workflow to provide automatic speaker identification. Its application is to help journalists searching on speeches given in the German parliament (Bundestag). This is a contribution to the News-Stream 3.0 project, a BMBF funded research project that addresses accessibility of various data sources for journalists.
DNA Sequencing
(2011)
The glomerulosclerosis gene Mpv17 encodes a peroxisomal protein producing reactive oxygen species
(1994)
Interactive Distributed Rendering of 3D Scenes on Multiple Xbox 360 Systems and Personal Computers
(2012)
Transient up-regulation of P2 receptors influence differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells
(2012)
RNA is one of the most important molecules in living organisms. One of its main functions is to regulate gene expression. This involves binding to and forming a joint structure with a messenger RNA. An RNAs functions is determined by its sequence and the structure it folds into. Accordingly, the prediction of individual as well as joint structures is an important area of research. In this thesis a method for the prediction of RNA-RNA joint structure using their minimum free energy (mfe) structures was developed. It is able to extensively explore the joint structural landscape of two interacting RNAs by taking advantage of the locality of changes in the RNAs structures as well as natural and energetic constraints. The method predicts the mfe joint structure as well as alternative stable joint structures while also computing non-optimal folding pathways from the unbound individual mfe structures to the predicted joint structures. It is shown how an enumeration approach is used which is able to deal with the enormous search space as well as to avoid any cyclic behaviour. The method is evaluated using two standard datasets of known interacting RNAs and shows good results.
MOTIVATION: The genome projects produce a wealth of protein sequences. Theoretical methods to predict possible structures and functions are needed for screening purposes, large-scale comparisons and in-depth analysis to identify worthwhile targets for further experimental research. Sequence-structure alignment is a basic tool for the identification of model folds for protein sequences and the construction of crude structural models. Empirical contact potentials (potentials of mean force) are used to optimize and evaluate such alignments. RESULTS: We propose new scoring schemes based on a contact definition derived from Voronoi decompositions of the three-dimensional coordinates of protein structures. We demonstrate that Voronoi potentials are superior to pure distance-based contact potentials with respect to recognition rate and significance for native folds. Moreover, the scoring scheme has the potential to provide a reasonable balance of detail and ion such that it is also useful for the recognition of distantly related (both homologous and non-homologous) proteins. This is demonstrated here on a set of structural alignments showing much better correspondence of native and model scores for the Voronoi potentials as compared to conventional distance-based potentials.
Scientific or statistical research has long been the domain of dedicated programming languages such as R, SPSS or SAS. A few years other competitors entered the arena, among them Python with its powerful SciPy package. The following article introduces SciPy by applying a small subset of its functionality to a well-known dataset.
Exposure to microgravity conditions causes cardiovascular deconditioning in astronauts during spaceflight. Until now, no specific drugs are available for countermeasure, since the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play key roles in various vascular functions, many of which are regulated by purinergic 2 (P2) receptors. However, their function in ECs and SMCs under microgravity conditions is still unclear. In this study, primary ECs and SMCs were isolated from bovine aorta and verified with specific markers. We show for the first time that the P2 receptor expression pattern is altered in ECs and SMCs after 24 h exposure to simulated microgravity using a clinostat. However, conditioned medium compensates this change in specific P2 receptors, for example, P2X7. Notably, P2 receptors such as P2X7 might be the important players during the paracrine interaction. Additionally, ECs and SMCs secreted different cytokines under simulated microgravity, leading into a pathogenic proliferation and migration. In conclusion, our data indicate P2 receptors might be important players responding to gravity changes in ECs and SMCs. Since some artificial P2 receptor ligands are applied as drugs, it is reasonable to assume that they might be promising candidates against cardiovascular deconditioning in the future.
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are considered a promising cell source for regenerative medicine, because they have the potential to differentiate into a variety of lineages among which the mesoderm-derived lineages such adipo- or osteogenesis are investigated best. Human MSCs can be harvested in reasonable to large amounts from several parts of the patient’s body and due to this possible autologous origin, allorecognition can be avoided. In addition, even in allogenic origin-derived donor cells, hMSCs generate a local immunosuppressive microenvironment, causing only a weak immune reaction. There is an increasing need for bone replacement in patients from all ages, due to a variety of reasons such as a new recreational behavior in young adults or age-related diseases. Adipogenic differentiation is another interesting lineage, because fat tissue is considered to be a major factor triggering atherosclerosis that ultimately leads to cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in industrialized countries. However, understanding the differentiation process in detail is obligatory to achieve a tight control of the process for future clinical applications to avoid undesired side effects. In this review, the current findings for adipo- and osteo-differentiation are summarized together with a brief statement on first clinical trials.