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Distributed systems comprise distributed computing systems, distributed information systems, and distributed pervasive systems. They are often very complex and their implementation is challenging. Intensive and continuous testing is indispensable to ensure reliability and high quality of a distributed system. The testing process should have a high degree of automation, not only on lower levels (i.e. unit and module testing), but also on higher testing levels (e.g. system, integration, and acceptance tests). To achieve automation on higher testing levels virtual infrastructure components (e.g. virtual machines, virtual networks) that are offered as a Service (IaaS) can be employed. The elasticity of on-demand computation resources fits well together with the varying resource demands of automated test execution.
A methodology for automated acceptance testing of distributed systems that uses virtual infrastructure is presented. It is founded on a task-oriented model that is used to abstract concurrency and asynchronous, remote communication in distributed systems. The model is used as groundwork for a domain-specific language that allows expressing tests for distributed systems in the form of scenarios. On the one hand, test scenarios are executable and, therefore, fully automated. On the other hand, test scenarios represent requirements to the system under test making an automated, example-based verification possible.
A prototypical implementation is used to apply the developed methodology in the context of two different case studies. The first case study uses RCE as an example of a distributed, workflow-driven integration environment for scientific computing. The second one uses MongoDB as an example of a document-oriented database system that offers distributed data storage through master-slave replication. The results of the experimental evaluation indicate that the developed acceptance testing methodology is a useful approach to design, build, and execute tests for distributed systems with high quality and a high degree of automation.
Benchmarking
(2013)
Im gemeinsamen Verbundprojekt analysierte das IZNE die Wahrnehmung gesundheitlicher und finanzieller Wertschöpfungsaspekte des betrieblichen Mobilitätsmanagements (BMM). Hierzu wurden 178 Betriebe schriftlich und 22 Betriebsleiter in persönlichen Interviews zu Maßnahmen der betrieblichen Gesundheitsförderung (BGF) sowie 1.341 Arbeitnehmer aus 14 Unternehmen im Raum Bonn zu ihrem Mobilitätsverhalten befragt. Die Einschätzung der tatsächlichen Existenz und des gesundheitlichen und wirtschaftlichen Nutzens des BMM sollte Bedarf und Optimierungspotentiale erkennbar machen.
Der Wechsel vom Lehren zum aktiven Lernen kann durch studentische Projekte gelingen. Studierende wenden das bisher vermittelte Wissen an und erleben dadurch Ihre eigene Handlungskompetenz während der Bearbeitung einer berufsnahen Aufgabenstellung. Lernziel ist hierbei die Steigerung der Handlungskompetenz, bestehend aus Fach-, Sozial-, Methoden- und Individualkompetenz durch die Aufgabenbearbeitung im Team. Insbesondere wird dabei auch Wert auf die Vermittlung und Erfahrung von Skills, wie z. B. Kooperationsfähigkeit, Kommunikationsverhalten und Arbeitsorganisation gelegt.
Unter Big Data wird die Echtzeitverarbeitung sehr großer Datenmengen für analytische Aufgaben verstanden. Neue Technologien und Methoden machen es möglich, bislang nicht genutzte Analyseaufgaben in kürzester Zeit durchzuführen. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie Big Data in den betriebswirtschaftlichen Kontext einzuordnen ist, welche Chancen den Unternehmen offen stehen und welche Auswirkungen dies für den Controller haben wird.
Switched power electronic subsystems are widely used in various applications. A fault in one of their components may have a significant effect on the system’s load or may even cause a damage. Therefore, it is important to detect and isolate faults and to report true faults to a supervisory system in order to avoid malfunction of or damage to a load. If, in a model-based approach to fault detection and isolation of hybrid systems, switching devices are considered as ideal switches then some equations must be reformulated whenever some devices have switched. In this paper, a fixed causality bond graph representation of hybrid system models is used, i.e., computational causalities assigned according to the Standard Causality Assignment Procedure (SCAP) are independent of system modes of operation. The latter are taken into account by transformer moduli mi(t) ∈ {0, 1} ∀t ≥ 0 in a unique set of equations of motion. In a case study, this approach is used for fault diagnosis in a three-phase full-wave rectifier. Residuals of Analytical Redundancy Relations (ARRs) holding for all modes of operations and serving as fault indicators are computed in an offline simulation as part of a DAE system by using a bond graph model of the faulty system instead of the real one and by coupling it to a bond graph of the healthy system by means of residual sinks.
BWL für Dummies
(2013)
Radio pulsars in relativistic binary systems are unique tools to study the curved space-time around massive compact objects. The discovery of a pulsar closely orbiting the super-massive black hole at the centre of our Galaxy, Sgr A⋆, would provide a superb test-bed for gravitational physics. To date, the absence of any radio pulsar discoveries within a few arc minutes of Sgr A⋆ has been explained by one principal factor: extreme scattering of radio waves caused by inhomogeneities in the ionized component of the interstellar medium in the central 100 pc around Sgr A⋆. Scattering, which causes temporal broadening of pulses, can only be mitigated by observing at higher frequencies. Here we describe recent searches of the Galactic centre region performed at a frequency of 18.95 GHz with the Effelsberg radio telescope.
Introduction: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important in tissue remodelling. Here we investigate the role of collagenase-3 (MMP-13) in antibody-induced arthritis.
Methods: For this study we employed the K/BxN serum-induced arthritis model. Arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and MMP-13-deficient (MMP-13–/–) mice by intraperitoneal injection of 200 μl of K/BxN serum. Arthritis was assessed by measuring the ankle swelling. During the course of the experiments, mice were sacrificed every second day for histological examination of the ankle joints. Ankle sections were evaluated histologically for infiltration of inflammatory cells, pannus tissue formation and bone/cartilage destruction. Semi-quantitative PCR was used to determine MMP-13 expression levels in ankle joints of untreated and K/BxN serum-injected mice.
Results: This study shows that MMP-13 is a regulator of inflammation. We observed increased expression of MMP-13 in ankle joints of WT mice during K/BxN serum-induced arthritis and both K/BxN serum-treated WT and MMP-13–/– mice developed progressive arthritis with a similar onset. However, MMP-13–/– mice showed significantly reduced disease over the whole arthritic period. Ankle joints of WT mice showed severe joint destruction with extensive inflammation and erosion of cartilage and bone. In contrast, MMP-13–/– mice displayed significantly decreased severity of arthritis (50% to 60%) as analyzed by clinical and histological scoring methods.
Conclusions: MMP-13 deficiency acts to suppress the local inflammatory responses. Therefore, MMP-13 has a role in the pathogenesis of arthritis, suggesting MMP-13 is a potential therapeutic target.
The use of manually fed machines (e.g. table saws) bares risks of injury that are clearly above the average level of other high risk workplaces.
The wide use of such machines causes severe problems for occupational safety and implies high costs for medical treatments and accident annuities.
This thesis presents a new concept of a multispectral sensor to monitor an area in front of a danger zone to detect the user’s limbs and trigger safeguarding measures to prevent an accident in time.
The sensor concept realizes a contact-free material classification, which comprises the development of a system design and specific safety requirements with respect to international safety standards.
Furthermore, a prototypical implementation using four wavebands, which were determined for skin detection through an analysis of reflectance spectra acquired specifically for this purpose, was built.
Controlling
(2013)
Eine zielorientierte Steuerung und die Erhöhung der Transparenz gehören zu den zentralen Aufgaben des Management in Unternehmen und in nichtkommerziellen Organisationen. Vor dem Hintergrund der zunehmenden Umweltdynamik und einer hohen Komplexität, in denen Organisationen heute agieren, gewinnt ein modernes und zielorientiertes Controlling zur Erfüllung der anspruchsvollen Steuerungsaufgaben zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Corporate Social Responsibility ist freiwillig, aber keineswegs beliebig. Um sich als CSR-Unternehmen zu qualifizieren, muss ein systematisches und geplantes Engagement als nachhaltiges Unternehmen nachgewiesen und auch dokumentiert werden. Dies wird auch für Unternehmen der Immobilienwirtschaft zunehmend wichtiger, weil die Anforderungen vonseiten der Stakeholder der Unternehmen wachsen. Die Analyse zeigt, dass die deutschen Immobilienunternehmen im internationalen Vergleich gut dastehen. Ihr Anteil an allen nach der Global Reporting Initiative berichtenden Immobilienunternehmen lag im Jahr 2012 bei 15 Prozent. Von den betrachteten 135 Unternehmen in Deutschland klassifiziert sich jedoch nur ein kleiner Teil als CSR-Unternehmen. Durch eine bessere Dokumentation des Engagements kann die Anzahl an Unternehmen rasch vergrößert werden.