Refine
Departments, institutes and facilities
- Graduierteninstitut (66)
- Fachbereich Angewandte Naturwissenschaften (26)
- Fachbereich Informatik (22)
- Institut für Technik, Ressourcenschonung und Energieeffizienz (TREE) (8)
- Fachbereich Wirtschaftswissenschaften (6)
- Fachbereich Ingenieurwissenschaften und Kommunikation (5)
- Institut für Cyber Security & Privacy (ICSP) (5)
- Institut für Verbraucherinformatik (IVI) (5)
- Institute of Visual Computing (IVC) (4)
- Fachbereich Sozialpolitik und Soziale Sicherung (3)
Document Type
- Doctoral Thesis (106) (remove)
Year of publication
Has Fulltext
- no (106)
Keywords
- Lignin (3)
- Robotics (3)
- Antioxidans (2)
- Deutschland (2)
- Evolutionary optimization (2)
- Gitter-Boltzmann-Methode (2)
- Human-Computer Interaction (2)
- Nachhaltigkeit (2)
- Produktionstheorie (2)
- Quality diversity (2)
- Softwareentwicklung (2)
- Spektroskopie (2)
- Strömungssimulation (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Verbrauch (2)
- Virtual Reality (2)
- ABTS (1)
- AKP (1)
- API Gebrauchstauglichkeit (1)
- API usability (1)
- Account (Datenverarbeitung) (1)
- Active and Healthy Aging Technologies (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Aerodynamics (1)
- Aerodynamik (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Ammoniak (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Anoplophora glabripennis (1)
- Antioxidant capacity (1)
- Antioxidanz (1)
- Arbeitspause (1)
- Augmented Reality (1)
- Augmented reality en (1)
- Ausbreitung (1)
- Authentifikation (1)
- Automated design (1)
- Autonomes Fahren (1)
- Autonomous Driving (1)
- Autonomous Systems (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Beitrittskandidat (1)
- Beitrittsverhandlungen (1)
- Benetzbarkeit (1)
- Benzoyl-coenzym A (1)
- Bioactivity (1)
- Bioaktive Verbindung (1)
- Bioaktivität (1)
- Biomass (1)
- Biomasse (1)
- Bodengesundheit (1)
- Business Ethnography (1)
- Charakterisierung (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Christmas trees (1)
- Clustering (1)
- Co-creative processes (1)
- Computational creativity (1)
- Computergrafik (1)
- Computersicherheit (1)
- Connectivity in rural areas (1)
- Consumer Informatics (1)
- Consumption (1)
- DHF-Reduktase (1)
- DNA profiling (1)
- DPPH (1)
- Data Protection (1)
- Demands of Older Adults (1)
- Design Case Study (1)
- Detektion von Explosivstoffen (1)
- Differentielle Kryptoanalyse (1)
- Digital design (1)
- Dimensionality reduction (1)
- Divergent optimization (1)
- Drahtloses lokales Netz (1)
- Dreidimensionales maschinelles Sehen (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- EU-Türkei-Beziehungen (1)
- Eingebettetes System (1)
- Einkommen (1)
- Einkommenshpyothese (1)
- Empfehlungssystem (1)
- Empfehlungssysteme (1)
- Employee Privacy (1)
- Energy meteorology (1)
- Enhanced weathering (1)
- Enhancer (1)
- Erdoğan (1)
- Ernte (1)
- Erweiterte Realität <Informatik> de (1)
- Europa (1)
- Europäische Identität (1)
- Europäische Union (1)
- Europäische Öffentlichkeit (1)
- Europäisches Parlament (1)
- Extended reality (1)
- FPGA (1)
- FRAP (1)
- Fehlerbehandlung (1)
- Feinbearbeitung (1)
- Fernsehmarkt (1)
- Fernsehprogramm (1)
- Fließgewässer (1)
- Fluiddynamik (1)
- Folin-Ciocalteu (1)
- Food packaging (1)
- Foveated rendering (1)
- Fuzzy-Logik (1)
- Galaktisches Zentrum (1)
- Gebrauchstauglicher Datenschutz (1)
- Generative Models (1)
- Genotyp (1)
- Genregulation (1)
- Geschichte 1970-1982 (1)
- Gestaltungsorientierte Forschung (1)
- Gesteinsmehl (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Geteilte autonome Fahrzeuge (1)
- Gezi-Park-Proteste (1)
- Global Software Development (1)
- Global Software Engineering (1)
- Global illumination (1)
- Glutamin N-phenylacetyltransferase (1)
- Glycin N-acyltransferase (1)
- Glycine N-acyltransferase (1)
- Glycine conjugation (1)
- Glyzinkonjugation (1)
- Grounded Theory (1)
- Gülle (1)
- HSQC NMR (1)
- Hardwareentwurf (1)
- Harnstoffzyklusdefekt (1)
- Haushalt (1)
- Health Technology Design (1)
- Hirnschädigung (1)
- Human factors (1)
- Human-Centered Design (1)
- Information (1)
- Information Privacy (1)
- Informationsflüsse (1)
- Infrared (1)
- Infrarot (1)
- Innovation (1)
- Instrumentierung (1)
- Integration of New Technologies for the Elderly (1)
- Integration of Technologies for Active and Healthy Aging (1)
- Interaction design en (1)
- Interaktionsdesign de (1)
- Interferenz (1)
- Intervention <Medizin> (1)
- Investitionsgütermarketing (1)
- Irreguläre Gitter (1)
- Isovalerianazidämie (1)
- Isovaleric acidemia (1)
- Knochenzement (1)
- Kompressible Strömung (1)
- Konsum (1)
- Konsumfunktion (1)
- Kontaktwinkel (1)
- Konzeptionelle Kulturmodelle (1)
- Kosten (1)
- Krebsforschung (1)
- Kultur (1)
- Kulturbeschreibungsmodelle (1)
- Kulturerfassungsansätze (1)
- Kulturforschung (1)
- Kunststoffverpackung (1)
- Körperliche Aktivität (1)
- Large high-resolution displays (1)
- Lattice-Boltzmann (1)
- Lattice-Boltzmann-Methode (1)
- Lebensmittelverpackungen (1)
- Legal Design (1)
- Linienmethode (1)
- Login (1)
- Low-power design (1)
- MOX Gassensoren (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Makroökonomie (1)
- Manganerze (1)
- Manganknollenkollektoren (1)
- Menschenrechte (1)
- Migrationspolitik (1)
- Mikrobearbeitung (1)
- Miscanthus (1)
- Miscanthus x giganteus (1)
- Mixed methods (1)
- Model-Based Software Development (1)
- Molekulare Deskriptoren (1)
- Molekulargewicht (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Nachwachsender Rohstoff (1)
- Nadelhölzer (1)
- Nearshoring (1)
- Network simulation verification (1)
- Neurophysiologie (1)
- Next generation sequencing (NGS) (1)
- Numerische Strömungssimulation (1)
- Nutzerorientierte Methoden (1)
- OH-Zahl-Bestimmungen (1)
- Objektorientierung (1)
- Organosolv lignin (1)
- Organosolv-Lignin (1)
- Organosolv-Verfahren (1)
- PDE-5A (1)
- PPS (1)
- Partei für Gerechtigkeit und Aufschwung (1)
- Participatory design studies (1)
- Passwort (1)
- Paulownia tomemtosa (1)
- Phase II Reaktion (1)
- Phasenübergang (1)
- Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze (1)
- Phenole-formaldehyde resin (1)
- Phenylacetyl-coenzym A (1)
- Physikalischer Effekt (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Polyurethan-Coatings (1)
- Polyurethanbeschichtungen (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Pressefreiheit (1)
- Privacy Risk Assessment (1)
- Privater Rundfunk (1)
- Privater Verbrauch (1)
- Produktionsfunktion (1)
- Produktionskosten (1)
- Prognosemodell (1)
- Programmschema (1)
- Prozesssimulation (1)
- Pulsar-Suche (1)
- Radiance caching (1)
- Radioastronomie (1)
- Raman (1)
- Ray tracing (1)
- Referenzmodell (1)
- Remote laboratory (1)
- Renewable resource (1)
- Ressource (1)
- Right to Informational Self-Determination (1)
- Rock dust (1)
- Rosskastanie (1)
- Schneeglöckchen (1)
- Seitenkanalattacke (1)
- Semantic web (1)
- Semi-Lagrange-Verfahren (1)
- Sensitivitätsanalyse (1)
- Shan-Chen (1)
- Shared autonomous vehicles (1)
- Sicherheits-APIs (1)
- Signal (1)
- Silphium perfoliatum (1)
- Skin cells (1)
- Skin flakes (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social practice theory en (1)
- Social practices (1)
- Soil health (1)
- Solar power (1)
- Soziale Praktiken (1)
- Sparen (1)
- Sparverhalten (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spectroscropy (1)
- Sperm cells (1)
- Spermatozoa (1)
- Stabilisator (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Statistische Physik (1)
- Strategische Partnerschaft (1)
- Strukturaufklärung (1)
- Strömungsmechanik (1)
- Surrogate Modeling (1)
- Surrogate-assistance (1)
- Synergie (1)
- Systementwicklung (1)
- Systemgeschäft (1)
- TD-GC/MS (1)
- Technikfolgenabschätzung (1)
- Technology Assessment (1)
- Textilwirtschaft (1)
- Theorie der sozialen Praxis (1)
- Thyme (1)
- Thymian (1)
- Touchscreens (1)
- Türkei (1)
- UV (1)
- Usable Privacy (1)
- User-oriented methods (1)
- VLSI (1)
- Verbraucherinformatik (1)
- Virtuelle Realität (1)
- Virtuelle Realität de (1)
- Visuelle Wahrnehmung (1)
- Weihnachtsbaum (1)
- Weiterverarbeitende Industrie (1)
- Wendelbohren (1)
- West Africa (1)
- Whole genome amplification (WGA) (1)
- WiFi-based Long Distance networks (1)
- Wirkstofffreisetzung (1)
- Wirtschaftsbeziehungen (1)
- Wirtschaftsinformatik (1)
- Work (1)
- Zweckbindung (1)
- additive (1)
- adhesion (1)
- ammonia (1)
- antimicrobial coatings (1)
- antimikrobielle Beschichtungen (1)
- antioxidant (1)
- benzoyl-coA (1)
- beschleunigte Verwitterung (1)
- bio-based (1)
- biobased plastics (1)
- biobasiert (1)
- biobasierte Kunststoffe (1)
- blown film extrusion (1)
- bulk and local viscoelastic properties (1)
- chain extender cross-linker (1)
- characterization (1)
- coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- compost disintegration (1)
- coniferous woods (1)
- determination of OH content (1)
- developer centered security (1)
- dielectric analysis (1)
- dielektrická analýza (1)
- diffusion (1)
- distraction detection (1)
- distribuce záření (1)
- eating behavior (1)
- entwicklerzentrierte Sicherheit (1)
- external faults (1)
- extrusion blow molding (1)
- facial action units (1)
- facial expression analysis (1)
- fault handling (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- fotokompozit (1)
- glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase (1)
- guidance (1)
- haptics (1)
- hardness testing (1)
- health intervention (1)
- horse chestnut (1)
- hybrid robot skill representation (1)
- information flows (1)
- information fusion (1)
- interpretability (1)
- kinetika vytvrzování (1)
- light distribution (1)
- lignin (1)
- mental state analysis (1)
- microindentation (1)
- migration (1)
- molecular weight (1)
- morphology (1)
- multisensory (1)
- nachhaltig (1)
- naive physics (1)
- nudging (1)
- pain detection (1)
- phase II reaction (1)
- phenylacetyl-coA (1)
- photo-polymerization (1)
- poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (1)
- poly(lactic acid) (1)
- pressure sensitive adhesives (1)
- process-induced structure (1)
- processing-structure-property relationship (1)
- qualitative reasoning (1)
- reaction kinetics (1)
- rechtsstaatliche Prinzipien (1)
- recommender systems (1)
- ressources (1)
- rheology (1)
- robot context awareness (1)
- robot failure diagnosis (1)
- robot introspection (1)
- robot skill execution failures (1)
- robot skill generalisation (1)
- rock powder (1)
- security APIs (1)
- sensory perception (1)
- service robots (1)
- simulation (1)
- slurry (1)
- snowdrop (1)
- software development (1)
- state estimation (1)
- structure elucidation (1)
- students (1)
- sustainable (1)
- synergism (1)
- thermo-mechanical properties (1)
- transdermal therapeutic systems (1)
- tvrdost (1)
- urea cycle defect (1)
- viscoelastic properties (1)
- visible light curing resin based composites (1)
- viskoelastické vlastnosti (1)
- volatile organic compounds (1)
- vytvrzování světlem (1)
- Öffentlich-rechtlicher Rundfunk (1)
3D time of flight distance measurement with custom solid state image sensors in CMOS, CCD technology
(2000)
Since we are living in a three-dimensional world, an adequate description of our environment for many applications includes the relative position and motion of the different objects in a scene. Nature has satisfied this need for spatial perception by providing most animals with at least two eyes. This stereo vision ability is the basis that allows the brain to calculate qualitative depth information of the observed scene. Another important parameter in the complex human depth perception is our experience and memory. Although it is far more difficult, a human being is even able to recognize depth information without stereo vision. For example, we can qualitatively deduce the 3D scene from most photos, assuming that the photos contain known objects [COR]. The acquisition, storage, processing and comparison of such a huge amount of information requires enormous computational power - with which nature fortunately provides us. Therefore, for a technical implementation, one should resort to other simpler measurement principles. Additionally, the qualitative distance estimates of such knowledge-based passive vision systems can be replaced by accurate range measurements.
Solving differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) efficiently by means of appropriate numerical schemes for time-integration is an ongoing topic in applied mathematics. In this context, especially when considering large systems that occur with respect to many fields of practical application effective computation becomes relevant. In particular, corresponding examples are given when having to simulate network structures that consider transport of fluid and gas or electrical circuits. Due to the stiffness properties of DAEs, time-integration of such problems generally demands for implicit strategies. Among the schemes that prove to be an adequate choice are linearly implicit Rung-Kutta methods in the form of Rosenbrock-Wanner (ROW) schemes. Compared to fully implicit methods, they are easy to implement and avoid the solution of non-linear equations by including Jacobian information within their formulation. However, Jacobian calculations are a costly operation. Hence, necessity of having to compute the exact Jacobian with every successful time-step proves to be a considerable drawback. To overcome this drawback, a ROW-type method is introduced that allows for non-exact Jacobian entries when solving semi-explicit DAEs of index one. The resulting scheme thus enables to exploit several strategies for saving computational effort. Examples include using partial explicit integration of non-stiff components, utilizing more advantageous sparse Jacobian structures or making use of time-lagged Jacobian information. In fact, due to the property of allowing for non-exact Jacobian expressions, the given scheme can be interpreted as a generalized ROW-type method for DAEs. This is because it covers many different ROW-type schemes known from literature. To derive the order conditions of the ROW-type method introduced, a theory is developed that allows to identify occurring differentials and coefficients graphically by means of rooted trees. Rooted trees for describing numerical methods were originally introduced by J.C. Butcher. They significantly simplify the determination and definition of relevant characteristics because they allow for applying straightforward procedures. In fact, the theory presented combines strategies used to represent ROW-type methods with exact Jacobian for DAEs and ROW-type methods with non-exact Jacobian for ODEs. For this purpose, new types of vertices are considered in order to describe occurring non-exact elementary differentials completely. The resulting theory thus automatically comprises relevant approaches known from literature. As a consequence, it allows to recognize order conditions of familiar methods covered and to identify new conditions. With the theory developed, new sets of coefficients are derived that allow to realize the ROW-type method introduced up to orders two and three. Some of them are constructed based on methods known from literature that satisfy additional conditions for the purpose of avoiding effects of order reduction. It is shown that these methods can be improved by means of the new order conditions derived without having to increase the number of internal stages. Convergence of the resulting methods is analyzed with respect to several academic test problems. Results verify the theory determined and the order conditions found as only schemes satisfying the order conditions predicted preserve their order when using non-exact Jacobian expressions.
Optimization plays an essential role in industrial design, but is not limited to minimization of a simple function, such as cost or strength. These tools are also used in conceptual phases, to better understand what is possible. To support this exploration we focus on Quality Diversity (QD) algorithms, which produce sets of varied, high performing solutions. These techniques often require the evaluation of millions of solutions -- making them impractical in design cases. In this thesis we propose methods to radically improve the data-efficiency of QD with machine learning, enabling its application to design. In our first contribution, we develop a method of modeling the performance of evolved neural networks used for control and design. The structures of these networks grow and change, making them difficult to model -- but with a new method we are able to estimate their performance based on their heredity, improving data-efficiency by several times. In our second contribution we combine model-based optimization with MAP-Elites, a QD algorithm. A model of performance is created from known designs, and MAP-Elites creates a new set of designs using this approximation. A subset of these designs are the evaluated to improve the model, and the process repeats. We show that this approach improves the efficiency of MAP-Elites by orders of magnitude. Our third contribution integrates generative models into MAP-Elites to learn domain specific encodings. A variational autoencoder is trained on the solutions produced by MAP-Elites, capturing the common “recipe” for high performance. This learned encoding can then be reused by other algorithms for rapid optimization, including MAP-Elites. Throughout this thesis, though the focus of our vision is design, we examine applications in other fields, such as robotics. These advances are not exclusive to design, but serve as foundational work on the integration of QD and machine learning.
The detection of human skin in images is a very desirable feature for applications such as biometric face recognition, which is becoming more frequently used for, e.g., automated border or access control. However, distinguishing real skin from other materials based on imagery captured in the visual spectrum alone and in spite of varying skin types and lighting conditions can be dicult and unreliable. Therefore, spoofing attacks with facial disguises or masks are still a serious problem for state of the art face recognition algorithms. This dissertation presents a novel approach for reliable skin detection based on spectral remission properties in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectrum and proposes a cross-modal method that enhances existing solutions for face verification to ensure the authenticity of a face even in the presence of partial disguises or masks. Furthermore, it presents a reference design and the necessary building blocks for an active multispectral camera system that implements this approach, as well as an in-depth evaluation. The system acquires four-band multispectral images within T = 50ms. Using a machine-learning-based classifier, it achieves unprecedented skin detection accuracy, even in the presence of skin-like materials used for spoofing attacks. Paired with a commercial face recognition software, the system successfully rejected all evaluated attempts to counterfeit a foreign face.
The human enzymes GLYAT (glycine N-acyltransferase), GLYATL1 (glutamine N-phenylacetyltransferase) and GLYATL2 (glycine N-acyltransferase-like protein 2) are not only important in the detoxification of xenobiotics via the human liver, but are also involved in the elimination of acyl residues that accumulate in the form of their coenzyme A (coA) esters in some rare inborn errors of metabolism. This concerns, for example, disorders in the degradation of branched-chain amino acids, such as isovaleric acidemia or propionic acidemia. In addition, they also assist in the elimination of ammonium, which is produced during the transamination of amino acids and accumulates in urea cycle defects. Sequence variants of the enzymes have also been investigated, which may provide evidence of impaired enzyme activities, from which therapy adjustments can potentially be derived. A modified Escherichia coli strain was chosen for the overexpression and partial biochemical characterization of the enzymes, which may allow solubility and proper folding. Since post-translational protein modifications are very limited in bacteria, we also attempted to overexpress the enzymes in HEK293 cells (human-derived). In addition to characterization via immunoblots and activity assays, intracellular localization of the enzymes was also performed using GFP coupling and confocal laser scanning microscopy in transfected HEK293 cells. The GLYATL2 enzyme may have tasks beyond detoxification and metabolic defects and the preliminary molecular biology work has been performed as part of this project - the enzyme activity determinations were outsourced to a co-supervised bachelor thesis. The enzyme activity determinations with purified recombinant human enzyme from Escherichia coli provided a threefold higher activity of the sequence variant p.(Asn156Ser) for GLYAT, which should be considered as the probably authentic wild type of the enzyme. In addition, a reduced activity of the GLYAT variant p.(Gln61Leu), which is very common in South Africa, was shown, which could be of particular importance in the treatment of isovaleric acidemia, which is also common in South Africa. Intracellularly, GLYAT and GLYATL1 could be localized mitochondrially. As the analyses have shown, sequence variations of GLYAT and GLYATL1 influence their enzyme activity. As an example, the GLYAT variant p.(Gln61Leu) is frequently found in South Africa. In the case of reduced GLYAT activity, patients could be increasingly treated with L-carnitine in the sense of an individualized therapy, since the conjugation of the toxic isovaleryl-coA with glycine is restricted by the GLYAT sequence variation. Activity-reducing variants identified in this project are of particular interest, as they may influence the treatment of certain metabolic defects.
Due to the use of fossil fuel resources, many environmental problems have been increasingly growing. Thus, the recent research focuses on the use of environment friendly materials from sustainable feedstocks for future fuels, chemicals, fibers and polymers. Lignocellulosic biomass has become the raw material of choice for these new materials. Recently, the research has focused on using lignin as a substitute material in many industrial applications. The antiradical and antimicrobial activity of lignin and lignin-based films are both of great interest for applications such as food packaging additives. DPPH assay was used to determine the antioxidant activity of Kraft lignin compared to Organosolv lignins from different biomasses. The purification procedure of Kraft lignin showed that double-fold selective extraction is the most efficient confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, HSQC, 31PNMR, SEC, and XRD. The antioxidant capacity was discussed regarding the biomass source, pulping process, and degree of purification. Lignin obtained from industrial black liquor are compared with beech wood samples: Biomass source influences the DPPH inhibition (softwood > grass) and the TPC (softwood < grass). DPPH inhibition affected by the polarity of the extraction solvent. Following the trend: ethanol > diethylether > acetone. Reduced polydispersity has positive influence on the DPPH inhibition. Storage decreased the DPPH inhibition but increased the TPC values. The DPPH assay was also used to discuss the antiradical activity of HPMC/lignin and HPMC/lignin/chitosan films. In both binary (HPMC/lignin) and ternary (HPMC/lignin/chitosan) systems the 5% addition showed the highest activity and the highest addition had the lowest. Both scavenging activity and antimicrobial activity are dependent on the biomass source; Organosolv of softwood > Kraft of softwood > Organosolv of grass. Lignins and lignin-containing films showed high antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at 35 °C and at low temperatures (0-7 °C). Purification of Kraft lignin has a negative effect on the antimicrobial activity while storage has positive effect. The lignin leaching in the produced films affected the activity positively and the chitosan addition enhances the activity for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Testing the films against food spoilage bacteria that grow at low temperatures revealed the activity of the 30% addition on HPMC/L1 film against both B. thermosphacta and P. fluorescens while L5 was active only against B. thermosphacta. In HPMC/lignin/chitosan films, the 5% addition exhibited activity against both food spoilage bacteria.
Intelligent virtual agents provide a framework for simulating more life-like behavior and increasing plausibility in virtual training environments. They can improve the learning process if they portray believable behavior that can also be controlled to support the training objectives. In the context of this thesis, cognitive agents are considered a subset of intelligent virtual agents (IVA) with the focus on emulating cognitive processes to achieve believable behavior. The complexity of employed algorithms, however, is often limited since multiple agents need to be simulated in real-time. Available solutions focus on a subset of the indicated aspects: plausibility, controllability, or real-time capability (scalability). Within this thesis project, an agent architecture for attentive cognitive agents is developed that considers all three aspects at once. The result is a lightweight cognitive agent architecture that is customizable to application-specific requirements. A generic trait-based personality model influences all cognitive processes, facilitating the generation of consistent and individual behavior. An additional mapping process provides a formalized mechanism to transfer results of psychological studies to the architecture. Personality profiles are combined with an emotion model to achieve situational behavior adaptation. Which action an agent selects in a situation also influences plausibility. An integral element of this selection process is an agent's knowledge about its world. Therefore, synthetic perception is modeled and integrated into the architecture to provide a credible knowledge base. The developed perception module includes a unified sensor interface, a memory hierarchy, and an attention process. With the presented realization of the architecture (CAARVE), it is possible for the first time to simulate cognitive agents, whose behaviors are simultaneously computable in real-time and controllable. The architecture's applicability is demonstrated by integrating an agent-based traffic simulation built with CAARVE into a bicycle simulator for road-safety education. The developed ideas and their realization are evaluated within this work using different strategies and scenarios. For example, it is shown how CAARVE agents utilize personality profiles and emotions to plausibly resolve deadlocks in traffic simulations. Controllability and adaptability are demonstrated in additional scenarios. Using the realization, 200 agents can be simulated in real-time (50 FPS), illustrating scalability. The achieved results verify that the developed architecture can generate plausible and controllable agent behavior in real-time. The presented concepts and realizations provide sound fundamentals to everyone interested in simulating IVA in real-time environments.
With the digital transformation, software systems have become an integral part of our society and economy. In every part of our life, software systems are increasingly utilized to, e.g., simplify housework or to optimize business processes. All these applications are connected to the Internet, which already includes millions of software services consumed by billions of people. Applications which process such a magnitude of users and data traffic requires to be highly scalable and are therefore denoted as Ultra Large Scale (ULS) systems. Roy Fielding has defined one of the first approaches which allows designing modern ULS software systems. In his doctoral thesis, Fielding introduced the architectural style Representational State Transfer (REST) which builds the theoretical foundation of the web. At present, the web is considered as the world's largest ULS system. Due to a large number of users and the significance of software for society and the economy, the security of ULS systems is another crucial quality factor besides high scalability.
Collaboration among multiple users on large screens leads to complicated behavior patterns and group dynamics. To gain a deeper understanding of collaboration on vertical, large, high-resolution screens, this dissertation builds on previous research and gains novel insights through new observational studies. Among other things, the collected results reveal new patterns of collaborative coupling, suggest that territorial behavior is less critical than shown in previous research, and demonstrate that workspace awareness can also negatively affect the effectiveness of individual users.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein Verfahren zur Analyse von Molekülen auf Grundlage ihrer molekularen Oberfläche und lokalen Werte für physiko-chemische und topografische Eigenschaften entwickelt. Der als Kernkomponente der Analyse entwickelte Fuzzy-Controller kombiniert molekulare Eigenschaften und selektiert die für Wechselwirkungen relevanten Merkmale auf der Oberfläche. Die Ergebnisse des Fuzzy-Controllers werden für die Berechnung von 3D-Deskriptoren und für die Visualisierung der ermittelten Domänen auf der Oberfläche herangezogen. Es werden zwei Arten von Deskriptoren berechnet. Deskriptoren, welche Flächeninhalte und Zugehörigkeiten zu den spezifizierten Bindungsmerkmalen der Domänen darstellen, und Deskriptoren, welche die räumliche Anordnung der Domänen zueinander beschreiben. Die vom Fuzzy-Controller überarbeitete Oberfläche wird im VRML-Format zur Visualisierung und weiteren Bearbeitung zur Verfügung gestellt. Die berechneten Deskriptoren werden zur Ähnlichkeitsanalyse von Liganden und zur Suche von komplementären Bereichen an der Bindungsstelle einesRezeptors eingesetzt. MTX in protonierter Form und DHF, die an das Enzym DHF-Reduktase binden, und die Inhibitoren Sildenafil, Tadalafil und Vardenafil des Enzyms PDE-5A wurden unter Ähnlichkeitsaspekten analysiert. Bei der Bestimmung von komplementären Bindungsmerkmalen wird ausgehend von den Bindungsmerkmalen eines Liganden nach komplementären Bereichen in der Bindungstasche des Rezeptors gesucht. Als Anwendungsbeispiele werden die Bindungsstelle des Enzyms DHF-Reduktase aus den Komplexen mit MTX und DHF und des Enzyms PDE-5A aus den Komplexen mit Sildenafil, Vardenafil und Tadalafil betrachtet. Insgesamt haben die Anwendungsbeispiele gezeigt, dass der vorgestellte Fuzzy-Controller Bindungsmerkmale auf der molekularen Oberfläche identifiziert unddie darauf basierenden, rotations- und translationsinvarianten Deskriptoren zur Ähnlichkeitsanalyse und zur Suche von komplementären Bereichen angewendet werden können.
Neben der individuellen Bedeutung von Gesundheit für jeden Menschen, steigt auch die Relevanz von „gesunden Beschäftigten“. Gerade in Zeiten von Vollbeschäftigung, Fachkräftemangel und höherem Renteneintrittsalter, rückt die Gesundheit der Beschäftigten und die damit verbundene Arbeitsfähigkeit jedes Einzelnen stärker in den Fokus. Staat, Sozialversicherungsträger und Unternehmen sind zunehmend daran interessiert, Arbeitsplätze und Arbeitsbedingungen gesundheitsförderlich zu gestalten. Hierbei bildet die BGF den Rahmen für die existierenden gesundheitsförderlichen Interventionen, die in einer Vielzahl im betrieblichen Setting vorzufinden sind. Die Arbeitspause kann in diesem Kontext als geeignete Intervention angesehen werden, die jedoch sehr vielfältig in der Ausgestaltung sein kann.
Over the last 50 years, the controlled motion of robots has become a very mature domain of expertise. It can deal with all sorts of topologies and types of joints and actuators, with kinematic as well as dynamic models of devices, and with one or several tools or sensors attached to the mechanical structure. Nevertheless, the domain has not succeeded in standardizing the modelling of robot devices (including such fundamental entities as “reference frames”!), let alone the semantics of their motion specification and control. This thesis aims to solve this long-standing problem, from three different sides: semantic models for robot kinematics and dynamics, semantic models of all possible motion specification and control problems, and software that can support the latter while being configured by a systematic use of the former.
The use of manually fed machines (e.g. table saws) bares risks of injury that are clearly above the average level of other high risk workplaces.
The wide use of such machines causes severe problems for occupational safety and implies high costs for medical treatments and accident annuities.
This thesis presents a new concept of a multispectral sensor to monitor an area in front of a danger zone to detect the user’s limbs and trigger safeguarding measures to prevent an accident in time.
The sensor concept realizes a contact-free material classification, which comprises the development of a system design and specific safety requirements with respect to international safety standards.
Furthermore, a prototypical implementation using four wavebands, which were determined for skin detection through an analysis of reflectance spectra acquired specifically for this purpose, was built.
In recent years, eXtended Reality (XR) technology like Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality became both technically feasible as well as affordable which lead to a drastic demand of professionally designed and developed applications. However, this demand combined with a rapid pace of innovation revealed a lack of design tool support for professional interaction designers as well as a knowledge gap regarding their approaches and needs. To address this gap, this thesis engages with the work of professional XR interaction designers in a qualitative research into XR interaction design approach. Therefore, this thesis applies two complementary lenses stemming from scientific design and social practice theory discourses to observe, describe, analyze, and understand professional XR interaction designers' challenges and approaches with a focus on application prototyping.
Software offshoring has been established as an important business strategy over the last decade. While research on such forms of Global Software Development (GSD) has mainly focused on the situation of large enterprises, small enterprises are increasingly engaging in offshoring, too. Representing the biggest share of the German software industry, small companies are known to be important innovators and market pioneers. They often regard their flexibility and customer-orientation as core competitive advantages. Unlike large corporations, their small size allows them to adopt software development approaches that are characterized by a high agility and flat hierarchies. At the same time, their distinct strategies make it unlikely that they can simply adopt management strategies that were developed for larger companies.
Flexible development approaches like the ones preferred by small corporations have proven to be problematic in the context of offshoring, as their strong dependency on constant communication is strongly affected by the various barriers of international cooperation between companies. Cooperating closely over companies’ borders in different time zones and in culturally diverse teams poses complex obstacles for flexible management approaches. It is still a matter of discussion in fields like Software Engineering and Computer Supported Cooperative Work how these obstacles can be tackled and how they affect companies in the long term. Hence, it is agreed that we need a more detailed understanding of distributed software development practices in order to come to feasible technological and organizational solutions.
This dissertation presents results from two ethnographically-informed case studies of software offshoring in small German enterprises. By adopting Anselm Strauss’ concept of articulation work, we want to deepen the understanding of managing distributed software development in flexible, customer-oriented organizations. In doing so, we show how practices of coordinating inter-organizational software development are closely related to aspects of organizational learning in small enterprises. By means of interviews with developers and project managers from both parties of the cooperation, we do not only take into account the multiple perspectives of the cooperation, but also include the socio-cultural background of international software development projects into our analysis.
During the last 50 years, a broad range of visible light curing resin based composites (VLC RBC) was developed for restorative applications in dentistry. Correspondingly, the technologies of light curing units (LCU) have changed from UV to visible blue light, and there from quartz tungsten halogen over plasma arc to LED LCUs increasing their light intensity significantly. In this thesis, the influence of the curing conditions in terms of irradiance, exposure time and irradiance distribution of LCU on reaction kinetics as well as corresponding mechanical and viscoelastic properties were investigated.
Die Beziehungen zwischen der EU und der Türkei sind seit vielen Jahren von wachsender Entfremdung gekennzeichnet. Zur Ursachenforschung wird zumeist auf die demokratischen Rückschritte der Türkei hingewiesen – dabei wird übersehen, dass das Verhältnis von wechselseitigen Irritationen geprägt ist, die zu tiefen Brüchen führten. Der Autor analysiert die Ursachen und Ausdrucksformen dieser normativen und strategischen Spannungsfelder anhand der Debatten des Europäischen Parlaments (2004-2019). Auf einzigartige Weise legt er dar, wie die polarisierende Beitrittsfrage auf die verschiedenen Fraktionen des Parlaments einwirkt und woran eine gelungene Integration der Türkei in die EU scheitert. (Verlagsangaben)
The present thesis elucidates the development of (i) a series of small molecule inhibitors reacting in a covalent-irreversible manner with the targeted proteases and (ii) a fluorescently labeled activity-based probe as a pharmacological tool compound for investigation of specific functions of the mentioned enzymes in vitro. Herein, the rational design, organic synthesis and quantitative structure-activity-relationships are described extensively.